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Čobanović N, Čalović S, Suvajdžić B, Grković N, Stanković SD, Radaković M, Spariosu K, Karabasil N. Consequences of Transport Conditions on the Welfare of Slaughter Pigs with Different Health Status and RYR-1 Genotype. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:191. [PMID: 38254360 PMCID: PMC10812478 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the influence of transport conditions on welfare indicators of slaughter pigs with different health status and RYR-1 genotype. The group of pigs, predominantly consisting of Nn (56.67%) and subclinically diseased (60.00%) individuals, that were exposed to short transportation (<30 min) at high loading density (~235 kg/m2) had the highest slipping (p < 0.0001), falling (p = 0.0009), turning back (p < 0.0001), reluctance to move (p < 0.0001), panting (p < 0.0001) and shivering (p < 0.0001) frequencies at unloading. Subclinically diseased Nn pigs subjected to short transportation (<30 min) and high loading density (~235 kg/m2) had the highest lactate (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001), glucose (p = 0.0450 and p = 0.0002), CK (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0010), LDH (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0484), AST (p = 0.0208 and p = 0.0170), ALT (p = 0.0500 and p = 0.00081), ceruloplasmin (p = 0.0334 and p < 0.0001) and MDA (p = 0.0048 and p < 0.0001) concentrations, but the lowest sodium (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001), chloride (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0432), albumin (p < 0.0090 and p < 0.0001), PON-1 (p = 0.0122 and p = 0.0500) and GSH (p = 0.0042 and p = 0.0340) levels, respectively. In the group consisting of of stress-resistant (100%) and predominantly healthy (60.00%) pigs subjected to short transportation (<30 min) at high loading density (~235 kg/m2), none of the individuals showed irregular behavioural reactions during unloading. Healthy NN pigs that underwent short transportation (<30 min) at high loading density (~235 kg/m2) had the lowest lactate (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001), glucose (p = 0.0450 and p = 0.0002), CK (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0010), LDH (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0484) and ceruloplasmin (p = 0.0334 and p < 0.0001) levels, but the highest sodium (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001) and chloride (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0432) concentrations, respectively. In conclusion, the most compromised welfare was recorded in subclinically diseased Nn pigs exposed to short transportation (<30 min) and high loading density (~235 kg/m2), while under the same conditions, the welfare of healthy NN pigs was not compromised. Therefore, stress-carrier pigs with subclinical pathological lesions should not be considered fit for transportation, indicating that the health status and genotype are the key factors for optimising pig welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Čobanović
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.S.); (N.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Sara Čalović
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Branko Suvajdžić
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.S.); (N.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Nevena Grković
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.S.); (N.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Sanja Dj Stanković
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Radaković
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Kristina Spariosu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Nedjeljko Karabasil
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.S.); (N.G.); (N.K.)
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Zhou Y, Li J, Huang F, Ai H, Gao J, Chen C, Huang L. Characterization of the pig lower respiratory tract antibiotic resistome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4868. [PMID: 37573429 PMCID: PMC10423206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases and its treatments are highly concerned in both the pig industry and human health. However, the composition and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in swine lower respiratory tract microbiome remain unknown. The relationships of ARGs with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and lung health are unclear. Here, we characterize antibiotic resistomes of the swine lower respiratory tract microbiome containing 1228 open reading frames belonging to 372 ARGs using 745 metagenomes from 675 experimental pigs. Twelve ARGs conferring resistance to tetracycline are related to an MGE Tn916 family, and multiple types of ARGs are related to a transposase gene tnpA. Most of the linkage complexes between ARGs and MGEs (the Tn916 family and tnpA) are also observed in pig gut microbiomes and human lung microbiomes, suggesting the high risk of these MGEs mediating ARG transfer to both human and pig health. Gammaproteobacteria are the major ARG carriers, within which Escherichia coli harbored >50 ARGs and >10 MGEs. Although the microbial compositions structure the compositions of ARGs, we identify 73 ARGs whose relative abundances are significantly associated with the severity of lung lesions. Our results provide the first overview of ARG profiles in the swine lower respiratory tract microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Swine Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jingquan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Swine Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Swine Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Huashui Ai
- National Key Laboratory of Swine Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Swine Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Congying Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Swine Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Lusheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Swine Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Przyborowska-Zhalniarovich P, Maes D, Otrocka-Domagała I, Paździor-Czapula K, Wiszniewska-Łaszczych A, Sołtysiuk M. Association between Enzootic Pneumonia-like Lung Lesions and Carcass Quality and Meat pH Value in Slaughter Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2210. [PMID: 37444007 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of respiratory diseases in slaughter pigs ranges from 19% to 74% and continues to be an important concern for swine herds worldwide, only a few studies have investigated the relationship between respiratory disease and pork quality. The general aim of this study was to investigate associations between the prevalence and severity of enzootic pneumonia-like lesions in Polish slaughter pigs on different carcass and meat-quality characteristics at the animal and herd levels. The average prevalence of bronchopneumonic lungs with different degrees of lesions was 94.57%. The majority of lesions indicated the acute stage of enzootic pneumonia. Our results indicate a statistically significant interaction between the mean weight of carcasses depending on the extent of the lesions (p = 0.04) at the animal level. The correlation between meatiness and severity of lung lesions was r = -0.25 (p = 0.00). The correlation between the extent of lung lesions and pH45 value was r = -0.17 (p = 0.005) on the animal level and r = -0.63 (p = 0.017) at the herd level. This implies that lung lesions in slaughter pigs negatively influence not only animal health and welfare, but also carcass quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Przyborowska-Zhalniarovich
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicie, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Iwona Otrocka-Domagała
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Paździor-Czapula
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wiszniewska-Łaszczych
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicie, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Sołtysiuk
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicie, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Huang J, Zuo Z, Zhao H, Wang C, Li S, Liu Z, Yang Y, Jiang S. Cluster analysis and potential influencing factors of boars with different fertility. Theriogenology 2023; 199:95-105. [PMID: 36709653 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The fertility of boars is intimately tied to the pig farm's economic benefits. This study aimed to rapidly categorize boars of different fertility and investigate the factors influencing the categorization using the production data in a large pig farm in northern China, including 11,163 semen collection records of Yorkshire boars (215), 11,163 breeding records and 8770 records of farrowing performance of Yorkshire sows (4505), as well as 4720 records of selection indices (sire line index and dam line index) for boars and sows (215 and 4505) between 2017 and 2020. The boar population was classified by two-step cluster analysis, followed by factor analysis to minimize the dimensionality of data variables and eliminate multicollinearity, and then using ordinal logistic regression model to investigate the risk variables impacting boar fertility categorization. Results showed that the two-step clustering divided the 215 boars into three subgroups: high-fertility (n = 61, 28.4%), medium-fertility (n = 127, 59.1%) and low-fertility (n = 27, 12.6%). The high-fertility boars were shown to be substantially greater than the medium-fertility or low-fertility boars (p < 0.05) in average total litter size, number of born alive, and number of healthy piglets of mated sows. Compared with low-fertility boars, the high-fertility boars were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the pregnancy rate and farrowing rate of mated sows. However, the three boar subgroups showed no difference (p > 0.05) in semen quality information (average sperm motility, average sperm density, and average sperm volume). Collinearity diagnosis indicated severe multicollinearity among the 20 data variables, which were reduced to 8 factor variables (factors 1-8) by factor analysis, and further collinearity diagnosis exhibited no multicollinearity among the 8 factor variables. Ordered logistic regression analysis revealed a significant and positive correlation (p < 0.05) of boar fertility with factor 2 (average total litter size, number of born alive, number of healthy piglets), factor 4 (average number of weak piglets and average weak piglet rate), factor 6 (sire line index of boars and dam line index of boars), factor 8 (pregnancy rate and farrowing rate), highlighting factor 2 as the most important factor influencing the classification of boar fertility. Our results indicate that the two-step cluster analysis can be used as a simple and effective method to screen boars with different fertility and that farm producers should pay attention to the recording of the reproductive performance of the mated sows due to its role as the risk factor for classification of boar fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Schmidt G, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Padalino B, Roberts HC, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Edwards S, Ivanova S, Leeb C, Wechsler B, Fabris C, Lima E, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Van der Stede Y, Vitali M, Spoolder H. Welfare of pigs on farm. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07421. [PMID: 36034323 PMCID: PMC9405538 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This scientific opinion focuses on the welfare of pigs on farm, and is based on literature and expert opinion. All pig categories were assessed: gilts and dry sows, farrowing and lactating sows, suckling piglets, weaners, rearing pigs and boars. The most relevant husbandry systems used in Europe are described. For each system, highly relevant welfare consequences were identified, as well as related animal-based measures (ABMs), and hazards leading to the welfare consequences. Moreover, measures to prevent or correct the hazards and/or mitigate the welfare consequences are recommended. Recommendations are also provided on quantitative or qualitative criteria to answer specific questions on the welfare of pigs related to tail biting and related to the European Citizen's Initiative 'End the Cage Age'. For example, the AHAW Panel recommends how to mitigate group stress when dry sows and gilts are grouped immediately after weaning or in early pregnancy. Results of a comparative qualitative assessment suggested that long-stemmed or long-cut straw, hay or haylage is the most suitable material for nest-building. A period of time will be needed for staff and animals to adapt to housing lactating sows and their piglets in farrowing pens (as opposed to crates) before achieving stable welfare outcomes. The panel recommends a minimum available space to the lactating sow to ensure piglet welfare (measured by live-born piglet mortality). Among the main risk factors for tail biting are space allowance, types of flooring, air quality, health status and diet composition, while weaning age was not associated directly with tail biting in later life. The relationship between the availability of space and growth rate, lying behaviour and tail biting in rearing pigs is quantified and presented. Finally, the panel suggests a set of ABMs to use at slaughter for monitoring on-farm welfare of cull sows and rearing pigs.
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Vitali M, Luppi A, Bonilauri P, Spinelli E, Santacroce E, Trevisi P. Benchmarking of anatomopathological lesions assessed at slaughter and their association with tail lesions and carcass traits in heavy pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1944339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Vitali
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari– DISTAL, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna –IZLER, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonilauri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna –IZLER, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari– DISTAL, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Santacroce
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari– DISTAL, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari– DISTAL, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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