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Sartori L, Sellera FP, Silva-Pereira TT, Fuga B, Fuentes-Castillo D, Dropa M, Moura Q, Fernandes MR, Rodrigues L, Esposito F, Sano E, Aleman MAR, Gregory L, Lincopan N. Gut colonization by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in dairy herd in Brazil: successful dissemination of a One Health clone. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:3355-3363. [PMID: 38972932 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The overuse of antimicrobials in livestock has contributed to the emergence and selection of clinically relevant multidrug-resistant bacteria. In Brazil, there is no conclusive information on the occurrence of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESβL) in cattle breeding, which is an important sector of agribusiness in this country. Herein, we investigated the presence of ESβL-positive E. coli strains in dairy cattle from a commercial farm with routine practice of therapeutic cephalosporins. Ninety-five rectal swab samples were collected from healthy dairy calves and cows under treatment with ceftiofur. Samples were screened for the presence of ESβL producers, and positive isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF, with subsequent screening for genes encoding ESβL variants by PCR and sequencing. The presence of ESβL (CTX-M-15)-producing E. coli was confirmed in calves, and lactating and dry cows. Most ESβL strains with genetic homologies ≥ 90% were grouped into two major PFGE clusters, confirming the suscessful expansion of clonally related lineages in animals from different lactating cycles, on the same property. Four representatives CTX-M-15-positive E. coli strains had their genomes sequenced, belonging to the clonal complex (CC) 23 and sequence type (ST) 90. A phylogeographical landscape of ST90 was performed revealing a global One Health linkage. Our results highlight the intestinal microbiota of dairy cattle as a hotspot for the spread of critical priority ESβL-producing E. coli and demonstrate that ST90 is an international clone genomically adapted to human and animal hosts, which deserve additional investigation to determine its zoonotic potential and impact in food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Sartori
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio P Sellera
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, Brazil
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taiana T Silva-Pereira
- Departmentof Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fuga
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmentof Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Milena Dropa
- MicroRes Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quézia Moura
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Miriam R Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmentof Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elder Sano
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmentof Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario A R Aleman
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Gregory
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departmentof Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ramatla T, Ramaili T, Lekota K, Mileng K, Ndou R, Mphuthi M, Khasapane N, Syakalima M, Thekisoe O. Antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of Proteus mirabilis isolated from broiler chickens at abattoir in South Africa. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1371. [PMID: 38357843 PMCID: PMC10867704 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteus mirabilis has been identified as an important zoonotic pathogen, causing several illnesses such as diarrhoea, keratitis and urinary tract infections. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the prevalence of P. mirabilis in broiler chickens, its antibiotic resistance (AR) patterns, ESBL-producing P. mirabilis and the presence of virulence genes. METHODS A total of 26 isolates were confirmed as P. mirabilis from 480 pooled broiler chicken faecal samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial susceptibility test, while nine virulence genes and 26 AR genes were also screened by PCR. RESULTS All 26 P. mirabilis isolates harboured the ireA (siderophore receptors), ptA, and zapA (proteases), ucaA, pmfA, atfA, and mrpA (fimbriae), hlyA and hpmA (haemolysins) virulence genes. The P. mirabilis isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (62%) and levofloxacin (54%), while 8 (30.7%) of the isolates were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). PCR analysis identified the blaCTX-M gene (62%), blaTEM (58%) and blaCTX-M-2 (38%). Further screening for AMR genes identified mcr-1, cat1, cat2, qnrA, qnrD and mecA, 12%, 19%, 12%, 54%, 27% and 8%, respectively for P. mirabilis isolates. The prevalence of the integron integrase intI1 and intI2 genes was 43% and 4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The rise of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance, as well as MDR strains, is a public health threat that points to a challenge in the treatment of infections caused by these zoonotic bacteria. Furthermore, because ESBL-producing P. mirabilis has the potential to spread to humans, the presence of blaCTX -M -producing P. mirabilis in broilers should be kept under control. This is the first study undertaken to isolate P. mirabilis from chicken faecal samples and investigate its antibiotic resistance status as well as virulence profiles in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
- Gastrointestinal Research UnitDepartment of SurgerySchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Taole Ramaili
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Kgaugelo Lekota
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Kealeboga Mileng
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Rendani Ndou
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Malekoba Mphuthi
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Ntelekwane Khasapane
- Department of Life SciencesCentre for Applied Food Safety and BiotechnologyCentral University of TechnologyBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Michelo Syakalima
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
- Department of Disease ControlSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of ZambiaLusakaZambia
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
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Shu G, Qiu J, Zheng Y, Chang L, Li H, Xu F, Zhang W, Yin L, Fu H, Yan Q, Gan T, Lin J. Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of Salmonella Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, China. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2770. [PMID: 37685034 PMCID: PMC10486400 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the association between antimicrobial resistance, ESBL genes, and virulence genes of Salmonella isolates. From 2019 to 2021, a total of 117 Salmonella isolates were obtained from symptomatic chickens in Sichuan Province, China. The strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance and the presence of ESBL according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) instructions. The presence of ESBL genes and genes for virulence was determined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In addition, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was applied to confirm the molecular genotyping. Moreover, the mechanism of ESBL and virulence gene transfer and the relationships between the resistance phenotype, ESBL genes, and virulence genes were explored. The isolates exhibited different frequencies of resistance to antibiotics (resistance rates ranged from 21.37% to 97.44%), whereas 68.38% and 41.03% of isolates were multi-drug resistance (MDR) and ESBL-producers, respectively. In the PCR analysis, blaCTX-M was the most prevalent ESBL genotype (73.42%, 58/79), and blaCTX-M-55 showed the most significant effect on the resistance to cephalosporins as tested by logistic regression analysis. Isolates showed a high carriage rate of invA, avrA, sopB, sopE, ssaQ, spvR, spvB, spvC, stn, and bcfC (ranged from 51.28% to 100%). MLST analysis revealed that the 117 isolates were divided into 11 types, mainly ST92, ST11, and ST3717. Of 48 ESBL-producers, 21 transconjugants were successfully obtained by conjugation. Furthermore, ESBL and spv virulence genes were obtained simultaneously in 15 transconjugants. These results highlighted that Salmonella isolates were common carriers of ESBLs and multiple virulence genes. Horizontal transfer played a key role in disseminating antimicrobial resistance and pathogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the use of antimicrobials and the prevalence of AMR and virulence in Salmonella from food animals and to improve the antibiotic stewardship for salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.S.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (F.X.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.F.); (Q.Y.); (T.G.)
| | - Jianyu Qiu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.S.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (F.X.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.F.); (Q.Y.); (T.G.)
| | - Yilei Zheng
- Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Lijen Chang
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Haohuan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.S.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (F.X.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.F.); (Q.Y.); (T.G.)
| | - Funeng Xu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.S.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (F.X.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.F.); (Q.Y.); (T.G.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.S.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (F.X.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.F.); (Q.Y.); (T.G.)
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.S.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (F.X.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.F.); (Q.Y.); (T.G.)
| | - Hualin Fu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.S.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (F.X.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.F.); (Q.Y.); (T.G.)
| | - Qigui Yan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.S.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (F.X.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.F.); (Q.Y.); (T.G.)
| | - Ting Gan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.S.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (F.X.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.F.); (Q.Y.); (T.G.)
| | - Juchun Lin
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.S.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (F.X.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.F.); (Q.Y.); (T.G.)
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