Value of T1/T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging registration to reduce the postbiopsy hemorrhage effect for prostate cancer localization

Prostate MRI and image quality: The urologist's perspective

The development of different imaging modalities of the prostate has significantly improved tumor detection, patient risk stratification, and quality of care.Among these, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) has emerged as the most sensitive tool.It is useful in the diagnosis, localization, risk stratification, and staging of clinically significant prostate cancer, PCa. As a result, mp-MRI of the prostate is recommended as the initial diagnostic test for men with suspected PCa. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer and mp-MRI plays a fundamental role in this scenario.While many aspects of image quality certainly fall within the purview of radiology, it is important to recognize that urologists must also be attentive to imaging quality when utilizing mp-MRI to facilitate PCa management. We present our viewpoint as urologists on how image quality impacts the management of men diagnosed with PCa andattempt to identify the factors that impact mp-MRI image quality, consequences of poor image quality, and finally suggestions for improvements.

A new approach for data augmentation in a deep neural network to implement a monitoring system for detecting prostate cancer in MRI images

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, which takes many victims every year due to its latent symptoms. Thus, early diagnosis of the extent of the lesion can help the physician and the patient in the treatment process. Nowadays, detection and labeling of objects in medical images has become especially important. In this article, the prostate gland is first detected in T2 W MRI images by the Faster R-CNN network based on the AlexNet architecture and separated from the rest of the image. Using the Faster R-CNN network in the separation phase, the accuracy will increase as this network is a model of CNN-based target detection networks and is functionally coordinated with the subsequent CNN network. Meanwhile, the problem of insufficient data with the data augmentation method was corrected in the preprocessing stage, for which different filters were used. Use of different filters to increase the data instead of the usual augmentation methods would eliminate the preprocessing stage. Also, with the presence of raw images in the next steps, it was proven that there was no need for a preprocessing step and the main images could also be the input data. By eliminating the preprocessing step, the response speed increased. Then, in order to classify benign and malignant cancer images, two deep learning architectures were used under the supervision of ResNet18 and GoogleNet. Then, by calculating the Confusion Matrix parameters and drawing the ROC diagram, the capability of this process was measured. By obtaining Accuracy = 95.7%, DSC = 96.77% and AUC = 99.17%, The results revealed that this method could outperform other well-known methods in this field (DSC = 95%) and (AUC = 91%).

The Role of Tumor Oxygenation Tested by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Prostate Cancer Grading

Background

Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor in males. Prostate cancer grading is an important basis for evaluation of invasion. The purpose of this article was to use dynamic enhanced scan magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantitatively investigate the relationship between tumor oxygenation value and prostate cancer pathological Gleason score.

Material/Methods

A total of 312 prostate cancer patients diagnosed by needle biopsy who received MRI dynamic enhanced scan were enrolled in this study. Multiparameter oxygen concentration image based on MRI was applied to test pO2 in tumors. Multiple spin resonance image relaxation time edit sequence and weak field diffusion model were used to estimate oxygen saturation level and pO2. hematoxylin and eosin staining and Gleason score were used to determine biological behavior and prognosis.

Results

According to the Gleason score system, there were 28 cases with a score of 10, 112 cases with a score of 9, 56 cases with a score of 8, and 116 cases with a score lower than 7. The enrolled patients were divided into groups: 116 cases into the middle-to-well differentiation group (Gleason score ≤7) and 196 cases into the poorly differentiation group (Gleason score at 8 to 10). Prostate cancer tumor oxygenation value was positively correlated with Gleason score (r=0.349, P<0.05) or PSA (r=0.432, P<0.05). Tumor oxygenation value in Gleason ≤7 group was obviously different from that in the group with Gleason score between 9 and 10 (P<0.05).

Conclusions

Tumor oxygenation value in prostate cancer was positively correlated with Gleason score. Tumor oxygenation value might be useful in clinics to evaluate prostate cancer grading and prognosis.

Clinical study of prenatal ultrasonography combined with T‑box transcription factor 1 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease

Congenital heart disease (CHD) seriously threatens fetal health. Therefore, prenatal examination to detect deformity is extremely important. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical application value of prenatal ultrasonography combined with molecular biology methods in the diagnosis of fetal CHD. A total of 1,000 pregnant women who had received fetal ultrasonography to examine fetal CHD were enrolled. Ultrasounds were performed for fetal heart examination and diagnosis, mainly on fetal heart position, size, structure and function, and heart valve morphology and function. These indexes were tested again 2 weeks after birth. Blood samples were collected from pregnant women with fetal CHD. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting were performed to detect the association between heart development and T‑box transcription factor 1 (TBX1) expression. The results revealed that 10 fetuses had CHD (1%), of which ultrasound detected 9 cases. The specificity and sensitivity of ultrasounds were 100 and 90%, respectively. Of the 9 cases were identified by prenatal ultrasound screening, including 2 cases had endocardial cushion defect, 1 case had pulmonary stenosis combined with right ventricular dysplasia, 1 case had tetralogy of Fallot combined with a cleft lip and palate, 2 cases had ventricular septal defect, 1 case had a single ventricle defect, 1 case had Ebstein and 1 case had a triatrial heart. One case of ventricular septal defect was missed prior to delivery. PCR and western blotting demonstrated that TBX1 expression may be associated with CHD. Therefore, ultrasonography combined with laboratory examinations represent efficient, economic and safe methods for fetal CHD detection. These methods may be significant to improve the rate of CHD diagnosis, and require further investigation.

Multiparametric MR imaging of peripheral zone prostate cancer: effect of postbiopsy hemorrhage on cancer detection according to Gleason score and tumour volume

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate effect of postbiopsy hemorrhage on detection of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancer by multiparametric MR imaging according to Gleason score and tumor volume.

METHODS

This retrospective study included 54 biopsy-proven prostate cancer patients (median age, 67.0 years) who underwent multiparametric MR imaging. Two independent readers evaluated each sextant of the PZ using the PI-RADS v2. One reader recorded the presence or absence of hemorrhage per sextant on T₁ weighted MR images. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were used to evaluate cancer detection accuracy.

RESULTS

Postbiopsy hemorrhage was noted in 122 (37.7%) of 324 sextants of all patients. There was no significant difference in the AUC for detection of cancer with Gleason score ≥3 + 4 or volume ≥0.5 ml between sextants with and without hemorrhage (with hemorrhage, reader 1, 0.83 for Gleason score ≥3 + 4, 0.84 for tumor volume ≥0.5 ml; reader 2, 0.74 for Gleason score ≥3 + 4, 0.77 for tumor volume ≥0.5 ml; without hemorrhage, reader 1, 0.86 for Gleason score ≥3 + 4, 0.88 for tumor volume ≥0.5 ml; reader 2, 0.79 for Gleason score ≥3 + 4, 0.83 for tumor volume ≥0.5 ml; p > 0.2 for all).

CONCLUSION

Postbiopsy hemorrhage did not negatively affect the detection of clinically significant PZ prostate cancer on multiparametric MR imaging. Advances in knowledge: Under influence of postbiopsy hemorrhage, multiparametric MR can be useful for the detection of clinically significant PZ prostate cancer.