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Biocatalytic Synthesis of Natural Green Leaf Volatiles Using the Lipoxygenase Metabolic Pathway. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In higher plants, the lipoxygenase enzymatic pathway combined actions of several enzymes to convert lipid substrates into signaling and defense molecules called phytooxylipins including short chain volatile aldehydes, alcohols, and esters, known as green leaf volatiles (GLVs). GLVs are synthesized from C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids that are oxygenated by lipoxygenase (LOX) to form corresponding hydroperoxides, then the action of hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) produces C6 or C9 aldehydes that can undergo isomerization, dehydrogenation, and esterification. GLVs are commonly used as flavors to confer a fresh green odor of vegetable to perfumes, cosmetics, and food products. Given the increasing demand in these natural flavors, biocatalytic processes using the LOX pathway reactions constitute an interesting application. Vegetable oils, chosen for their lipid profile are converted in natural GLVs with high added value. This review describes the enzymatic reactions of GLVs biosynthesis in the plant, as well as the structural and functional properties of the enzymes involved. The various stages of the biocatalytic production processes are approached from the lipid substrate to the corresponding aldehyde or alcoholic aromas, as well as the biotechnological improvements to enhance the production potential of the enzymatic catalysts.
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Continuous Laminaribiose Production Using an Immobilized Bienzymatic System in a Packed Bed Reactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:861-876. [PMID: 29766370 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The first continuous production system of laminaribiose from sucrose and glucose in a bienzymatic reaction is reported in this study. Immobilized laminaribiose phosphorylase and sucrose phosphorylase were used in a packed bed reactor system comprising of a 3-cm glass column at 35 °C with a steady feeding flow rate of 0.1 ml/min. Factors affecting product formation including enzyme ratio, peal concept (both enzymes in one pearl or in separate pearls), and pearl size were studied. An enzyme ratio of 2:1 of laminaribiose phosphorylase (LP) to sucrose phosphorylase (SP) when encapsulated separately in bigger size peals resulted in higher concentration of product. Laminaribiose (0.4 g/(L h)) is produced in the optimized system at steady state. The reaction system proved to be operationally stable throughout 10 days of continuous processing. A half-life time of more than 9 days was observed for both biocatalysts.
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Padilha GS, Tambourgi EB, Alegre RM. Evaluation of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia immobilized in alginate beads and application in the synthesis of banana flavor (isoamyl acetate). CHEM ENG COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1370707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana S. Padilha
- Research Group in Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, School of Applied Sciences/FCA, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elias B. Tambourgi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ranulfo M. Alegre
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Toledo MV, Briand LE. Relevance and bio-catalytic strategies for the kinetic resolution of ketoprofen towards dexketoprofen. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:778-800. [PMID: 29124963 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1399249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the most relevant investigations concerning the biocatalytic kinetic resolution of racemic ketoprofen to dexketoprofen for the last 22 years. The advantages related to the administration of the dex-enantiomer in terms of human health, the so called "chiral switch" in the pharmaceutical industry and the sustainability of biotransformations have been the driving forces to develop innovative technology to obtain dexketoprofen. In particular, the kinetic resolution of racemic ketoprofen through enantiomeric esterification and hydrolysis using lipases as biocatalysts are thoroughly revised and commented upon. In this context, the biocatalysts, acyl-acceptors (alcohols), reaction conditions, conversion, enantiomeric excess, and enantiomeric ratio among others are discussed. Moreover, the investigations concerning scaling up processes in order to obtain an optically pure enantiomer of the profen are presented. Finally, some guidelines about perspectives of the technology and research opportunities are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Toledo
- a Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas-Dr. Jorge J. Ronco (CINDECA) , Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Laura Estefanía Briand
- a Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas-Dr. Jorge J. Ronco (CINDECA) , Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET , La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Efficient resolution of profen ethyl ester racemates by engineered Yarrowia lipolytica Lip2p lipase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ma BD, Yu HL, Pan J, Xu JH. High-yield production of enantiopure 2-hydroxy-2-(2′-chlorophenyl) acetic acid by long-term operation of a continuous packed bed reactor. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vadgama RN, Odaneth AA, Lali AM. Green synthesis of isopropyl myristate in novel single phase medium Part II: Packed bed reactor (PBR) studies. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 8:105-109. [PMID: 28352578 PMCID: PMC4980735 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Isopropyl myristate is a useful functional molecule responding to the requirements of numerous fields of application in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industry. In the present work, lipase-catalyzed production of isopropyl myristate by esterification of myristic acid with isopropyl alcohol (molar ratio of 1:15) in the homogenous reaction medium was performed on a bench-scale packed bed reactors, in order to obtain suitable reaction performance data for upscaling. An immobilized lipase B from Candida antartica was used as the biocatalyst based on our previous study. The process intensification resulted in a clean and green synthesis process comprising a series of packed bed reactors of immobilized enzyme and water dehydrant. In addition, use of the single phase reaction system facilitates efficient recovery of the product with no effluent generated and recyclability of unreacted substrates. The single phase reaction system coupled with a continuous operating bioreactor ensures a stable operational life for the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annamma A. Odaneth
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parikh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
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Yao ML, Liu JZ, Jin S, Jiao J, Gai QY, Wei ZF, Fu YJ, Zhao JT. A novel biotransformation of astragalosides to astragaloside IV with the deacetylation of fungal endophyte Penicillium canescens. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Székely E, Utczás M, Simándi B. Kinetic enzymatic resolution in scCO2 – Design of continuous reactor based on batch experiments. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Esterification of R/S-ketoprofen with 2-propanol as reactant and solvent catalyzed by Novozym® 435 at selected conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yara-Varón E, Eras Joli J, Balcells M, Torres M, Canela-Garayoa R. Synthesis of poly(ethyl acrylate-co-allyl acrylates) from acrylate mixtures prepared by a continuous solvent-free enzymatic process. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zhang YY, Liu JH. Kinetic study of enantioselective hydrolysis of (R, S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester using immobilized T. laibacchii lipase. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rahman NK, Kamaruddin AH, Uzir MH. Enzymatic synthesis of farnesyl laurate in organic solvent: initial water activity, kinetics mechanism, optimization of continuous operation using packed bed reactor and mass transfer studies. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 34:687-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rahman N, Kamaruddin A, Uzir M. Continuous Biosynthesis of Farnesyl Laurate in Packed Bed Reactor: Optimization using Response Surface Methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.1110.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wimmer Z, Zarevúcka M. A review on the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide on enzyme activity. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:233-253. [PMID: 20162013 PMCID: PMC2821001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of enzymes such as lipases, several phosphatases, dehydrogenases, oxidases, amylases and others are well suited for the reactions in SC-CO2. The stability and the activity of enzymes exposed to carbon dioxide under high pressure depend on enzyme species, water content in the solution and on the pressure and temperature of the reaction system. The three-dimensional structure of enzymes may be significantly altered under extreme conditions, causing their denaturation and consequent loss of activity. If the conditions are less adverse, the protein structure may be largely retained. Minor structural changes may induce an alternative active protein state with altered enzyme activity, specificity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Wimmer
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4–Krč, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Marie Zarevúcka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Prague 6–Dejvice, Czech Republic
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +420-220-183-281; Fax: +420-220-183-582
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Ebrahimi B, Shojaosadati S, Ranaie S, Mousavi S. Optimization and evaluation of acetylcholine esterase immobilization on ceramic packing using response surface methodology. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chang SW, Shaw JF, Yang KH, Chang SF, Shieh CJ. Studies of optimum conditions for covalent immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on poly(gamma-glutamic acid) by RSM. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:2800-5. [PMID: 17706421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) is a material of polymer. Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (Lipase AY-30) by covalent binding on gamma-PGA led to a markedly improved performance of the enzyme. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 3-level-3-factor fractional factorial design were employed to evaluate the effects of immobilization parameters, such as immobilization time (2-6h), immobilization temperature (0-26 degrees C), and enzyme/support ratio (0.1-0.5, w/w). Based on the analysis of ridge max, the optimum immobilization conditions were as follows: immobilization time 2.3h, immobilization temperature 13.3 degrees C, and enzyme/support ratio 0.41 (w/w); the highest lipase activity obtained was 1196 U/mg-protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Chang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chung-Chou University of Technology, No.6, Lane 2, Sec.3, Shanjiao Rd. Yuan-Lin, Chang-Hua 503, Taiwan
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Mundra P, Desai K, Lele SS. Application of response surface methodology to cell immobilization for the production of palatinose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:2892-6. [PMID: 17113282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Revised: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM), based on multivariate non-linear model, was applied to study the interactions and optimization of the immobilization parameters for cell entrapment, namely alginate concentration, cell loading and bead diameter using Erwinia rhapontici NCPPB 1578 that produced palatinose. ANOVA analysis and statistical parameters calculations showed that RSM could be used effectively to model and improve a complex system like cell immobilization. Palatinose yield was increased by 40%. The maximum yield of 140 mg/ml was achieved in a batch of 1h at alginate concentration of 5% w/v, cell loading of 5 g l(-1) and 2.25 mm bead diameter. Thus, the E. rhapontici NCPPB 1578 immobilization in alginate bead and subsequent palatinose yield was successfully improved by application of RSM technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyushkumar Mundra
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parikh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400 019, India
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Immobilized lipase-mediated long-chain fatty acid esterification in dense carbon dioxide: bench-scale packed-bed reactor study. J Supercrit Fluids 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2006.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ong A, Kamaruddin A, Bhatia S, Long W, Lim S, Kumari R. Performance of free Candida antarctica lipase B in the enantioselective esterification of (R)-ketoprofen. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The preparation of polymerizable, optically active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs derivatives by irreversible enzymatic methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Domínguez de María P, Sánchez-Montero JM, Sinisterra JV, Alcántara AR. Understanding Candida rugosa lipases: an overview. Biotechnol Adv 2005; 24:180-96. [PMID: 16288844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) is one of the enzymes most frequently used in biotransformations. However, there are some irreproducibility problems inherent to this biocatalyst, attributed either to differences in lipase loading and isoenzymatic profile or to other medium-engineering effects (temperature, a(w), choice of solvent, etc.). In addition, some other properties (influence of substrate and reaction conditions on the lid movement, differences in the glycosylation degree, post-translational modifications) should not be ruled out. In the present paper the recent developments published in the CRL field are overviewed, focusing on: (a) comparison of structural and biochemical data among isoenzymes (Lip1-Lip5), and their influence in the biocatalytical performance; (b) developments in fermentation technology to achieve new crude C. rugosa lipases; (c) biocatalytical reactivity of each isoenzyme, and methods for characterising them in crude CRL; (d) state-of-the-art of new applications performed with recombinant CRLs, both in CRL-second generation (wild-type recombinant enzymes), as well as in CRL-third generation, (mutants of the wt-CRL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Domínguez de María
- Biotransformations Group, Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n. E-28040, Madrid, Spain
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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