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Angsujinda K, Peala W, Sittidech A, Wanganurakkul S, Mahony TJ, Wang SF, Smith DR, Chintapitaksakul L, Khongchareonporn N, Assavalapsakul W. Development of a lateral flow assay for rapid and accurate detection of chicken anemia virus. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103432. [PMID: 38232617 PMCID: PMC10827598 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant challenges to poultry health are posed by chicken anemia virus (CAV), which induces immunosuppression and causes increased susceptibility to secondary infections. The effective management and containment of CAV within poultry stocks require precise and prompt diagnosis. However, a deficiency persists in the availability of low-cost, rapid, and portable CAV detection devices. In this study, an immunochromatographic lateral-flow test strip-based assay was developed for CAV detection using in-house generated monoclonal antibodies (MABs) against CAV viral protein 1 (VP1). The recombinant truncated VP1 protein (Δ60VP1), with amino acid residues 1 to 60 of the native protein deleted, was produced via a prokaryotic expression system and utilized for immunizing BALB/c mice. Subsequently, high-affinity MABs against Δ60VP1 were generated and screened using conventional hybridoma technology combined with serial dilution assays. Two MABs, MAB1, and MAB3, both binding to distinct epitopes of Δ60VP1, were selected for the development of a lateral-flow assay. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the Δ60VP1 antigen could be detected by our homemade lateral-flow assay at concentrations as low as 625 ng/mL, and this sensitivity was maintained for at least 6 mo. The assay exhibited high specificity, as evidenced by its lack of reactivity with surrogate recombinant proteins and the absence of cross-reactivity with other chicken viruses and viral antigens. Comparative analysis with quantitative PCR data demonstrated substantial agreement, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.66, utilizing a sample set comprising 305 clinical chicken serum samples. In conclusion, the first lateral-flow assay for CAV detection was developed in this study, utilizing 2 specific anti-VP1 MABs. It is characterized by simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitipong Angsujinda
- Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wisuttiya Peala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Akekarach Sittidech
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Saruda Wanganurakkul
- Veterinary Research and Development Center (Eastern Region), Department of Livestock Development, Chonburi 20220, Thailand
| | - Timothy J Mahony
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | | | - Nanthika Khongchareonporn
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Wanganurakkul S, Smith DR, Chintapitaksakul L, Assavalapsakul W. Effective production of recombinant Δ60VP1 chicken anemia virus protein in Escherichia coli and its application to a serodiagnostic indirect ELISA. J Virol Methods 2020; 282:113887. [PMID: 32445874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes severe anemia and immunosuppression in chickens. VP1 is the main capsid protein, and is suitable for diagnostic kit development, however, it has 24 arginine residues in the first forty N-terminal amino acids of the protein causing toxicity to bacteria leading to reduced prokaryotic expression. In this study, a 60 amino acid N-terminally truncated VP1 (Δ60VP1) which removes the toxic region was expressed in Escherichia coli and the resultant insoluble recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography with anionic denaturing detergents. The high amounts of purified Δ60VP1 produced (150 mg/L) retained appropriate antigenicity and the antigen was used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serological diagnosis of CAV. One hundred fifty-two chicken serum samples (n = 152) were evaluated using the newly developed Δ60VP1 indirect ELISA (cutoff value = 7.58 % S/P). The sensitivity and specificity of the Δ60VP1 indirect ELISA were 87.50 % and 95.31 %, respectively, while the agreement between the Δ60VP1 indirect ELISA and the commercial IDEXX CAV ELISA was 90.79 % (kappa = 0.814). In this study, we have developed an alternative VP1 production platform in E. coli by truncating the N-terminal 60 amino acids (Δ60VP1) and using anionic denaturing detergents during the purification to successfully solubilize the insoluble Δ60VP1. The antigen was purified with high yield and good immunoreactivity, and an indirect ELISA was developed. The assay could potentially be applied to large-scale CAV serosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saruda Wanganurakkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Eastern Region Veterinary Research and Development Center, Chonburi 20220, Thailand.
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | | | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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BRAR RAHUL, BAHNOT VANDNA, MAHAJAN NK, TOMAR PIYUSH, PRAKASH ANAND, MAAN SUSHILA. Detection and molecular characterization of chicken infectious anaemia virus in poultry flocks in Haryana. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i12.96620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) is an economically important pathogen affecting poultry industry worldwide. Commercial poultry flocks (26) suspected to be affected with chicken infectious anaemia (CIA) were processed for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using VP2 gene primers and characterized by partial gene sequencing. The PCR revealed 26.9% (7/26) poultry flocks positive for CIAV. Eleven PCR products of CIAV DNA were sequenced. The partial nucleotide sequence analysis of VP2 genes revealed that 11 field strains had 99.2 to 100% similarity among themselves and with the Indian strains. The VP2 gene sequences of 11 field strains showed 97.5 to 100% similarity to the field strains sequences reported from all over the world. On the basis of partial nucleotide sequencing analysis of VP2 gene, our findings suggest that the viral strains circulating in Haryana have similarity to other Indian strains.
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Preparation of Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) Virus-Like Particles and Chicken Interleukin-12 for Vaccine Development Using a Baculovirus Expression System. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040262. [PMID: 31771230 PMCID: PMC6963176 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is a poultry disease that causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Commercially available CIA vaccines are derived from wild-type chicken anemia viruses (CAVs) by serial passage in cells or chicken embryos. However, these vaccinal viruses are not completely attenuated; therefore, they can be transmitted vertically and horizontally, and may induce clinical symptoms in young birds. In this study, we sought to eliminate these issues by developing a subunit vaccine exploiting the CAV structural proteins, engineering recombinant baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells that contained both the viral protein 1 (VP1) and VP2 of CAV. Moreover, we produced single-chain chicken interleukin-12 (chIL-12) in the same system, to serve as an adjuvant. The recombinant VP1 was recognized by chicken anti-CAV polyclonal antibodies in Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays, and the bioactivity of the recombinant chIL-12 was confirmed by stimulating interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion in chicken splenocytes. Furthermore, the ability of the recombinant VP1 to generate self-assembling virus-like particles (VLPs) was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with VLPs and co-administered the recombinant chIL-12 induced high CAV-specific antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. Taken together, the VLPs produced by the baculovirus expression system have the potential to be a safe and effective CIA vaccine. Finally, we demonstrated the utility of recombinant chIL-12 as an adjuvant for poultry vaccine development.
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Cheng JH, Lai GH, Lien YY, Sun FC, Hsu SL, Chuang PC, Lee MS. Identification of nuclear localization signal and nuclear export signal of VP1 from the chicken anemia virus and effects on VP2 shuttling in cells. Virol J 2019; 16:45. [PMID: 30953524 PMCID: PMC6451244 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VP1 of the chicken anemia virus (CAV) is a structural protein that is required for virus encapsulation. VP1 proteins are present both in the nucleus and cytoplasm; however, the functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES) of VP1 are still unknown. This study aimed to characterize the NLS and NES motifs of VP1 using bioinformatics methods and multiple-site fragment deletions, and investigate shuttling of VP2 from nucleus to cytoplasm by co-transfection with VP1. METHODS Two putative NLS motifs were predicted by the WoLF PSORT and NLStradamus programs from the amino acid sequence of VP1. Three NES motifs of VP1 were predicted by the NetNES 1.1 Server and ELM server programs. All mutants were created by multiple-site fragment deletion mutagenesis. VP1 and VP2 were co-expressed in cells using plasmid transfection. RESULTS A functional NLS motif was identified at amino acid residues 3 to 10 (RRARRPRG) of VP1. Critical amino acids 3 to 10 were significantly involved in nuclear import in cells and were evaluated using systematic deletion mutagenesis. Three NES motifs of VP1 were predicted by the NetNES 1.1 Server and ELM server programs. A functional NES was identified at amino acid residues 375 to 388 (ELDTNFFTLYVAQ). Leptomycin B (LMB) treatment demonstrated that VP1 export from nucleus to cytoplasm occurred through a chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-dependent pathway. With co-expression of VP1 and VP2 in cells, we observed that VP1 may transport VP2 from nucleus to cytoplasm. CONCLUSION Our data showed that VP1 of CAV contained functional NLS and NES motifs that modulated nuclear import and export through a CRM1-dependent pathway. Further, VP1 may play a role in the transport of VP2 from nucleus to cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Hong Cheng
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Tai-Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 833
| | - Guan-Hua Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yang Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Center of Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chun Sun
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ling Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Fooyin University, School of Nursing, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chin Chuang
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Tai-Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 833
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lai GH, Lien YY, Lin MK, Cheng JH, Tzen JT, Sun FC, Lee MS, Chen HJ, Lee MS. VP2 of Chicken Anaemia Virus Interacts with Apoptin for Down-regulation of Apoptosis through De-phosphorylated Threonine 108 on Apoptin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14799. [PMID: 29093508 PMCID: PMC5665943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) is an important contagious agent that causes immunosuppressive disease in chickens. CAV Apoptin is a nucleoplasmic shuffling protein that induces apoptosis in chicken lymphoblastoid cells. In the present study, confocal microscopy revealed co-localisation of expressed CAV non-structural protein VP2 with Apoptin in the nucleus of MDCC-MSB1 cells and the nucleoplasmic compartment of CHO-K1 cells. In vitro pull-down and ex vivo biomolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC) assays further showed that the VP2 protein directly interacts with Apoptin. Transient co-expression of VP2 and Apoptin in MDCC-MSB1 cells significantly decreased the rate of apoptosis compared with that in cells transfected with the Apoptin gene alone. In addition, the phosphorylation status of threonine 108 (Thr108) of Apoptin was found to decrease upon interaction with VP2. Although dephosphorylated Thr108 did not alter the subcellular distribution of Apoptin in the nucleus of MDCC-MSB1 cells, it did suppress apoptosis. These findings provide the first evidence that VP2 directly interacts with Apoptin in the nucleus to down-regulate apoptosis through alterations in the phosphorylation status of the latter. This information will be useful to further elucidate the underlying mechanism of viral replication in the CAV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yang Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Hong Cheng
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jason Tc Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chun Sun
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiunn Lee
- Research Assistance Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Jien Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Chen HJ, Lee MS, Lai JY, Lai GH. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the rapid detection of the dioxin-degrading bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi in soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 160:263-70. [PMID: 26144562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time LAMP assays were developed to detect the dioxin-degrading bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi strain BD-1 in soil. Four primers were designed to use ITS gene amplification for the strain O. anthropi BD-1. The real-time LAMP assay was found to accomplish the reaction by 1 pg of genomic DNA load when used for nucleic acid amplification. This assay was then applied to detect O. anthropi BD-1 in eight soil samples collected from a dioxin-contaminated site. The results demonstrated that these newly developed LAMP and real-time LAMP assays will not only be useful and efficient tools for detecting the target gene, but also be used as molecular tools for monitoring the growth of dioxin-degrading O. anthropi in the soil. This is the first report to demonstrate the use of LAMP assays to monitor the presence of O. anthropi in dioxin-contaminated soil. The application of this method should improve the biomonitoring of dioxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Jien Chen
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yu Lai
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hua Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Lee MS, Lin IF, Lai GH, Lin YC, Li KY. Statistical optimization of culture medium for the overproduction of chicken anemia virus immunogen- VP1 protein in a recombinantE. colifor vaccine application. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shiou Lee
- Dept. of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources; China Medical University; 91 Hsuh-shih Rd Taichung 40402 Taiwan
| | - I-Fen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Science; Tunghai University; No.1727, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard Taichung 40704 Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hua Lai
- Graduate institute of Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuo Kuang Rd. Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology; Chinese Culture University; 55, Hwa-Kang Rd Taipei 111 Taiwan
| | - Ken-Yuon Li
- Graduate Institute of Food Science; Tunghai University; No.1727, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard Taichung 40704 Taiwan
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Mahgoub EO. The Development and Application of an Indirect ELISA Test for the Detection of Chicken Anaemia Virus (CAV) by VP1 in Chicken Flock Serum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojgen.2014.44029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lai GH, Lin MK, Lien YY, Fu JH, Chen HJ, Huang CH, Tzen JTC, Lee MS. Expression and characterization of highly antigenic domains of chicken anemia virus viral VP2 and VP3 subunit proteins in a recombinant E. coli for sero-diagnostic applications. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:161. [PMID: 23937712 PMCID: PMC3751357 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an important viral pathogen that causes anemia and severe immunodeficiency syndrome in chickens worldwide. Generally, CAV infection occurs via vertical transmission in young chicks that are less than two weeks old, which are very susceptible to the disease. Therefore, epidemiological investigations of CAV infection and/or the evaluation of the immunization status of chickens is necessary for disease control. Up to the present, systematically assessing viral protein antigenicity and/or determining the immunorelevant domain(s) of viral proteins during serological testing for CAV infection has never been performed. The expression, production and antigenic characterization of CAV viral proteins such as VP1, VP2 and VP3, and their use in the development of diagnostic kit would be useful for CAV infection prevention. Results Three CAV viral proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3 was separately cloned and expressed in recombinant E. coli. The purified recombinant CAV VP1, VP2 and VP3 proteins were then used as antigens in order to evaluate their reactivity against chicken sera using indirect ELISA. The results indicated that VP2 and VP3 show good immunoreactivity with CAV-positive chicken sera, whereas VP1 was found to show less immunoreactivity than VP2 and VP3. To carry out the further antigenic characterization of the immunorelevant domains of the VP2 and VP3 proteins, five recombinant VP2 subunit proteins (VP2-435N, VP2-396N, VP2-345N, VP2-171C and VP2-318C) and three recombinant VP3 subunit proteins (VP3-123N, VP3-246M, VP3-366C), spanning the defined regions of VP2 and VP3 were separately produced by an E. coli expression system. These peptides were then used as antigens in indirect ELISAs against chicken sera. The results of these ELISAs using truncated recombinant VP2 and VP3 subunit proteins as coating antigen showed that VP2-345N, VP2-396N and VP3-246M gave good immunoreactivity with CAV-positive chicken sera compared to the other subunit proteins. Moreover, the VP2-396N and VP2-345 based ELISAs had better sensitivity (97.5%) and excellent specificity (100%) during serodiagnosis testing using a mean plus three standard deviations cut-off. The VP3-246M based ELISA showed a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 100% at the same cut-off value. Conclusions This is the first report to systematically assess the antigenic characteristics of CAV viral proteins for sero-diagnosis purposes. Purified recombinant VP2-396N and VP2-345N subunit proteins, which span defined regions of VP2, were demonstrated to have good antigenicity and higher sensitivities than VP3-246M and were able to recognize CAV-positive chicken serum using an ELISA assay. The defined antigenicity potential of these chimeric subunit proteins produced by expression in E. coli seem to have potential and could be useful in the future for the development of the CAV diagnostic tests based on a subunit protein ELISA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lien YY, Huang CH, Sun FC, Sheu SC, Lu TC, Lee MS, Hsueh SC, Chen HJ, Lee MS. Development and characterization of a potential diagnostic monoclonal antibody against capsid protein VP1 of the chicken anemia virus. J Vet Sci 2012; 13:73-9. [PMID: 22437539 PMCID: PMC3317461 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an important viral pathogen that causes anemia and severe immunodeficiency syndrome in chickens worldwide. In this study, a potential diagnostic monoclonal antibody against the CAV VP1 protein was developed which can precisely recognize the CAV antigen for diagnostic and virus recovery purposes. The VP1 gene of CAV encoding the N-terminus-deleted VP1 protein, VP1Nd129, was cloned into an Escherichia (E.) coli expression vector. After isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyronoside induction, VP1Nd129 protein was shown to be successfully expressed in the E. coli. By performing an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay using two coating antigens, purified VP1Nd129 and CAV-infected liver tissue lysate, E3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was found to have higher reactivity against VP1 protein than the other positive clones according to the result of limiting dilution method from 64 clones. Using immunohistochemistry, the presence of the VP1-specific mAb, E3, was confirmed using CAV-infected liver and thymus tissues as positive-infected samples. Additionally, CAV particle purification was also performed using an immunoaffinity column containing E3 mAb. The monoclonal E3 mAb developed in this study will not only be very useful for detecting CAV infection and performing histopathology studies of infected chickens, but may also be used to purify CAV particles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Cheng JH, Sheu SC, Lien YY, Lee MS, Chen HJ, Su WH, Lee MS. Identification of the NLS and NES motifs of VP2 from chicken anemia virus and the interaction of VP2 with mini-chromosome maintenance protein 3. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:15. [PMID: 22309683 PMCID: PMC3295642 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background VP2 of chicken anemia virus (CAV) is a dual-specificity phosphatase required for virus infection, assembly and replication. The functions of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES) of VP2 in the cell, however, are poorly understood. Our study identified the presence of a NLS in VP2 and showed that the protein interacted significantly with mini-chromosome maintenance protein 3 (MCM3) in the cell. Results An arginine-lysine rich NLS could be predicted by software and spanned from amino acids 133 to 138 of VP2. The critical amino acids residues between positions 136 and 138, and either residue 133 or 134 are important for nuclear import in mammalian cells based on systematic mutagenesis. A NES is also predicted in VP2; however the results suggest that no functional NES is present and that this protein is CRM1 independent. It was also shown that VP2 is a chromatin binding protein and, notably, using a co-immunoprecipitation assay, it was found that VP2 association with MCM3 and that this interaction does not require DSP activity. Conclusions VP2 contains a NLS that span from amino acids 133 to 138. VP2 is a CRM1 independent protein during nuclear export and associates with MCM3 in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Hong Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lee MS, Hseu YC, Lai GH, Chang WT, Chen HJ, Huang CH, Lee MS, Wang MY, Kao JY, You BJ, Lin WH, Lien YY, Lin MK. High yield expression in a recombinant E. coli of a codon optimized chicken anemia virus capsid protein VP1 useful for vaccine development. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:56. [PMID: 21781331 PMCID: PMC3157419 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chicken anemia virus (CAV), the causative agent chicken anemia, is the only member of the genus Gyrovirus of the Circoviridae family. CAV is an immune suppressive virus and causes anemia, lymph organ atrophy and immunodeficiency. The production and biochemical characterization of VP1 protein and its use in a subunit vaccine or as part of a diagnostic kit would be useful to CAV infection prevention. Results Significantly increased expression of the recombinant full-length VP1 capsid protein from chicken anemia virus was demonstrated using an E. coli expression system. The VP1 gene was cloned into various different expression vectors and then these were expressed in a number of different E. coli strains. The expression of CAV VP1 in E. coli was significantly increased when VP1 was fused with GST protein rather than a His-tag. By optimizing the various rare amino acid codons within the N-terminus of the VP1 protein, the expression level of the VP1 protein in E. coli BL21(DE3)-pLysS was further increased significantly. The highest protein expression level obtained was 17.5 g/L per liter of bacterial culture after induction with 0.1 mM IPTG for 2 h. After purification by GST affinity chromatography, the purified full-length VP1 protein produced in this way was demonstrated to have good antigenicity and was able to be recognized by CAV-positive chicken serum in an ELISA assay. Conclusions Purified recombinant VP1 protein with the gene's codons optimized in the N-terminal region has potential as chimeric protein that, when expressed in E. coli, may be useful in the future for the development of subunit vaccines and diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shiou Lee
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee MS, Chou YM, Lien YY, Lin MK, Chang WT, Lee HZ, Lee MS, Lai GH, Chen HJ, Huang CH, Lin WH. Production and diagnostic application of a purified, E. coli-expressed, serological-specific chicken anaemia virus antigen VP3. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 58:232-9. [PMID: 21276209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of chicken anaemia virus VP3 protein in different Escherichia coli strains and to address the diagnostic application of purified E. coli-expressed VP3 protein for the detection of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) infection and the development of an ELISA kit. Three E. coli strains, BL21, BL21 codonplus RP and BL21 pLysS, each harbouring a VP3 protein expressing plasmid, were investigated after induction to produce recombinant VP3 protein. After isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) induction, VP3 protein was successfully expressed in all three E. coli strains. The BL21 pLysS strain gave the best performance in terms of protein productivity and growth profile. In addition, the optimal culture temperature and IPTG concentration were found to be 0.25 mM and 20 °C, respectively. Using Ni-NTA-purified VP3 protein as an ELISA coating antigen, the purified VP3 was shown to be highly antigenic and able to discriminate sera from chickens infected with CAV from those that were uninfected during an evaluation of CAV infection serodiagnosis. A VP3-based ELISA demonstrated 100% (6/6 x 100%) specificity and sensitivities of 91.3% (21/23 x 100%) and 82.6% (19/23 x 100%) using cut-off values of the mean plus 2 SD and the mean plus 3 SD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang CH, Lai GH, Lee MS, Lin WH, Lien YY, Hsueh SC, Kao JY, Chang WT, Lu TC, Lin WN, Chen HJ, Lee MS. Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of chicken anaemia virus. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:917-924. [PMID: 19737344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) causes an economically important viral disease in chickens worldwide. The main aim of this study was to establish a rapid, sensitive and specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detecting CAV infection. METHODS AND RESULTS A set of four specific LAMP primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequence of the CAV VP2 gene, which encodes a nonstructural protein. These were used for the amplification of a specific target region of the VP2 gene. LAMP amplicons were successfully amplified and detected by DNA electrophoresis and by direct naked eye SYBR Green I visualization. A sensitivity test systematically demonstrated that the LAMP assay was superior to a conventional PCR assay with a minimum concentration limit of 100 fg compared to 10 ng for the conventional PCR. The specificity of the LAMP assay for CAV detection is consistent with conventional PCR. Using this established LAMP assay, infected and uninfected clinical samples obtained from an experimental farm were fully verified. CONCLUSIONS A novel nucleic acid-based approach of LAMP assay was successfully developed for detecting CAV infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, these results indicate that the developed LAMP assay herein for CAV detection is a time-effective, simple, sensitive and specific test that can be used as an alternative approach in the future for large-scaled diagnosis on the farm of CAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - G-H Lai
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M-S Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbour Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-H Lin
- Master Degree Program, PhD Program, School of Pharmacy Undergraduate Program, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-Y Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - S-C Hsueh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - J-Y Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-T Chang
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T-C Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-N Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H-J Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Mingchi University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-S Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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