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Ni L, Shi Q, Wu M, Ma J, Wang Y. Fouling behavior and mechanism of hydrophilic modified membrane in anammox membrane bioreactor: Role of gel layer. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bauer WS, Kimmel DW, Adams NM, Gibson LE, Scherr TF, Richardson KA, Conrad JA, Matakala HK, Haselton FR, Wright DW. Magnetically-enabled biomarker extraction and delivery system: towards integrated ASSURED diagnostic tools. Analyst 2017; 142:1569-1580. [PMID: 28386613 PMCID: PMC5674985 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of asymptomatic malaria poses a great challenge to global disease elimination efforts. Healthcare infrastructure in rural settings cannot support existing state-of-the-art tools necessary to diagnose asymptomatic malaria infections. Instead, lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs) are widely used as a diagnostic tool in malaria endemic areas. While LFAs are simple and easy to use, they are unable to detect low levels of parasite infection. We have developed a field deployable Magnetically-enabled Biomarker Extraction And Delivery System (mBEADS) that significantly improves limits of detection for several commercially available LFAs. Integration of mBEADS with leading commercial Plasmodium falciparum malaria LFAs improves detection limits to encompass an estimated 95% of the disease reservoir. This user-centered mBEADS platform makes significant improvements to a previously cumbersome malaria biomarker enrichment strategy by improving reagent stability, decreasing the processing time 10-fold, and reducing the assay cost 10-fold. The resulting mBEADS process adds just three minutes and less than $0.25 to the total cost of a single LFA, thus balancing sensitivity and practicality to align with the World Health Organization's ASSURED criteria for point-of-care (POC) testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Westley S Bauer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Chen J, Zhang M, Li F, Qian L, Lin H, Yang L, Wu X, Zhou X, He Y, Liao BQ. Membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor: High filtration resistance of gel layer and its underlying mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 102:82-89. [PMID: 27328364 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) was continuously operated to investigate mechanisms of fouling caused by the gel layer in this study. Agar was used as a model foulant for gel layer formation, and filtration resistance of gel layers was systematically assessed. The results showed that gel layer possessed unusually high specific filtration resistance (SFR) and high measured porosity as compared with cake layer. Current knowledge cannot explain the contradiction between high filtration resistance and high porosity of gel layer. A new fouling mechanism based on Flory-Huggins theory was then proposed. Filtration resistance of agar gel layer was found to be independent of pH and ionic strength, but linearly increase with gel thickness. The results are accordant with the mechanism deductions. Simulation of the mechanism model showed that the filtration resistance induced by mixing chemical potential variation was comparable to the experimental data of filtration resistance of agar gel layer, indicating that the proposed mechanism is the predominant mechanism responsible for the high filtration resistance of gel layer. The proposed mechanism was further verified from the bound water viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Fengquan Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Lei Qian
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China.
| | - Lining Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Xilin Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Yiming He
- Department of Materials Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Bao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
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