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Valorization of Lignin and Its Derivatives Using Yeast. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As the third most plentiful biopolymer after other lignocellulosic derivates such as cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin carries abundant potential as a substitute for petroleum-based products. However, the efficient, practical, value-added product valorization of lignin remains quite challenging. Although several studies have reviewed the valorization of lignin by microorganisms, this present review covers recent studies on the valorization of lignin by employing yeast to obtain products such as single-cell oils (SCOs), enzymes, and other chemical compounds. The use of yeasts has been found to be suitable for the biological conversion of lignin and might provide new insights for future research to develop a yeast strain for lignin to produce other valuable chemical compounds.
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Prasongsuk S, Bankeeree W, Lotrakul P, Abd‐Aziz S, Punnapayak H. Biological Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass. BIOREFINERY OF OIL PRODUCING PLANTS FOR VALUE‐ADDED PRODUCTS 2022:161-177. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527830756.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Malhotra M, Suman SK. Laccase-mediated delignification and detoxification of lignocellulosic biomass: removing obstacles in energy generation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58929-58944. [PMID: 33712950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rising global population and worldwide industrialization have led to unprecedented energy demand that is causing fast depletion of fossil reserves. This has led to search for alternative energy sources that are renewable and environment friendly. Use of lignocellulosic biomass for energy generation is considered a promising approach as it does not compete with food supply. However, the lignin component of the biomass acts as a natural barrier that prevents its efficient utilization. In order to remove the lignin and increase the amount of fermentable sugars, the lignocellulosic biomass is pretreated using physical and chemical methods which are costly and hazardous for environment. Moreover, during the traditional pretreatment process, numerous inhibitory compounds are generated that adversely affect the growth of fermentative microbes. Alternatively, biological methods that use microbes and their enzymes disrupt lignin polymers and increase the accessibility of the carbohydrates for the sugar generation. Microbial laccases have been considered as an efficient biocatalyst for delignification and detoxification offering a green initiative for energy generation process. The present review aims to bring together recent studies in bioenergy generation using laccase biocatalyst in the pretreatment processes. The work provides an overview of the sustainable and eco-friendly approach of biological delignification and detoxification through whole-cell and enzymatic methods, use of laccase-mediator system, and immobilized laccases for this purpose. It also summarizes the advantages, associated challenges, and potential prospects to overcome the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Malhotra
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Suman
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India.
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Gauna A, Larran AS, Feldman SR, Permingeat HR, Perotti VE. Secretome characterization of the lignocellulose-degrading fungi Pycnoporus sanguineus and Ganoderma resinaceum growing on Panicum prionitis biomass. Mycologia 2021; 113:877-890. [PMID: 34251997 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1922249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
C4 grasses are common species in rangelands around the world and represent an attractive option for second-generation biofuel production. Although they display high polysaccharide content and reach great levels of biomass accumulation, there is a major technical issue to be addressed before they can be used for bioethanol industrial production: lignin removal. Concerning this, Pycnoporus and Ganoderma fungal genera have been highlighted due to their ability to hydrolyze lignocellulose in biological pretreatments. Our goals here were to evaluate the pretreatment efficiency using the secretome of species from Pycnoporus and Ganoderma spp. harvested from a glucose-free inductive medium (using a C4 grass) and to identify the fungal enzymatic activities responsible for the lignin degradation and glucose release. Our results show that P. sanguineus secretome exhibits a higher activity of lignocellulolytic enzymes such as cellulases, xylanases, laccases, and manganese peroxidases compared with that from G. resinaceum. Interestingly, zymograms in the presence of 2 M glucose suggest that a β-glucosidase isoform from P. sanguineus could be glucose tolerant. The proteomic approach carried out allowed the identification of 73 and 180 different proteins in G. resinaceum and P. sanguineus secretomes, respectively, which were functionally classified in five main categories and a miscellaneous group. These results open new avenues for future experimental work that lead to a deeper comprehension and a greater application of the mechanisms underlying lignocellulosic biomass degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertina Gauna
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alvaro S Larran
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana R Feldman
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo de Investigaciones, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1165, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo R Permingeat
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Valeria E Perotti
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Asemoloye MD, Marchisio MA, Gupta VK, Pecoraro L. Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:20. [PMID: 33478513 PMCID: PMC7819241 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many fungi grow as saprobic organisms and obtain nutrients from a wide range of dead organic materials. Among saprobes, fungal species that grow on wood or in polluted environments have evolved prolific mechanisms for the production of degrading compounds, such as ligninolytic enzymes. These enzymes include arrays of intense redox-potential oxidoreductase, such as laccase, catalase, and peroxidases. The ability to produce ligninolytic enzymes makes a variety of fungal species suitable for application in many industries, including the production of biofuels and antibiotics, bioremediation, and biomedical application as biosensors. However, fungal ligninolytic enzymes are produced naturally in small quantities that may not meet the industrial or market demands. Over the last decade, combined synthetic biology and computational designs have yielded significant results in enhancing the synthesis of natural compounds in fungi. Main body of the abstract In this review, we gave insights into different protein engineering methods, including rational, semi-rational, and directed evolution approaches that have been employed to enhance the production of some important ligninolytic enzymes in fungi. We described the role of metabolic pathway engineering to optimize the synthesis of chemical compounds of interest in various fields. We highlighted synthetic biology novel techniques for biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) activation in fungo and heterologous reconstruction of BGC in microbial cells. We also discussed in detail some recombinant ligninolytic enzymes that have been successfully enhanced and expressed in different heterologous hosts. Finally, we described recent advance in CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas (CRISPR associated) protein systems as the most promising biotechnology for large-scale production of ligninolytic enzymes. Short conclusion Aggregation, expression, and regulation of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi require very complex procedures with many interfering factors. Synthetic and computational biology strategies, as explained in this review, are powerful tools that can be combined to solve these puzzles. These integrated strategies can lead to the production of enzymes with special abilities, such as wide substrate specifications, thermo-stability, tolerance to long time storage, and stability in different substrate conditions, such as pH and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dare Asemoloye
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mario Andrea Marchisio
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Biodegradation of pyridine raffinate using bacterial laccase isolated from garden soil. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bilal M, Iqbal HM, Hu H, Wang W, Zhang X. Metabolic engineering and enzyme-mediated processing: A biotechnological venture towards biofuel production – A review. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Parab P, Khandeparker R, Amberkar U, Khodse V. Enzymatic saccharification of seaweeds into fermentable sugars by xylanase from marine Bacillus sp. strain BT21. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:296. [PMID: 28868223 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of seaweed biomass was studied using xylanase produced from marine bacteria Bacillus sp. strain BT21 through solid-state fermentation of wheat bran. Three types of seaweeds, Ahnfeltia plicata, Padina tetrastromatica and Ulva lactuca, were selected as representatives of red, brown, and green seaweeds, respectively. Seaweed biomass was pretreated with hot water. The efficiency of pretreated biomass to release reducing sugar by the action of xylanase as well as the type of monosaccharide released during enzyme saccharification of seaweed biomass was studied. It was seen that pretreated biomass of seaweed A. plicata, U. lactuca, and P. tetrastroma, at 121 °C for 45 min, followed by incubation with 50 IU xylanase released reducing sugars of 233 ± 5.3, 100 ± 6.1 and 73.3 ± 4.1 µg/mg of seaweed biomass, respectively. Gas chromatography analysis illustrated the release of xylose, glucose, and mannose during the treatment process. Hot water pre-treatment process enhanced enzymatic conversion of biomass into sugars. This study revealed the important role of xylanase in saccharification of seaweed, a promising feedstock for third-generation bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Parab
- Biological Oceanography Department, National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa 403004 India
| | - Rakhee Khandeparker
- Biological Oceanography Department, National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa 403004 India
| | - Ujwala Amberkar
- Biological Oceanography Department, National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa 403004 India
| | - Vishwas Khodse
- Biological Oceanography Department, National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa 403004 India
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Delignification and detoxification of peanut shell bio-waste using an extremely halophilic laccase from an Aquisalibacillus elongatus isolate. Extremophiles 2017; 21:993-1004. [PMID: 28871494 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-017-0958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose bioconversion is a harsh process requiring the use of surfactants and organic solvents. Consequently, the incorporation of laccases in this bioconversion requires the bioprospecting of enzymes that can remain stable under extreme conditions. An extracellular, highly stable laccase was produced by the halophilic isolate Aquisalibacillus elongatus in submerged liquid culture fermentation. Statistical and non-statistical strategies gave the highest enzymatic activity (8.02 U mL-1) following addition of glucose (1.7 g L-1), copper sulfate (0.8 g L-1), urea (15 g L-1), and CaCl2 (0.8 g L-1). The enzyme, after purification using a synthetic affinity support, delignified a peanut shell substrate by 45%. A pH of 8.0 and a temperature of 35 °C were optimal for delignification of this bio-waste material. Addition of [Bmim][PF6], 1,4-dioxane, acetone, and HBT promoted this bio-waste delignification. Bio-treatment in the presence of 50% [Bmim][PF6] gave a maximal lignin removal of 87%. The surfactants tested had no significant effects on the delignification yield. The laccase also detoxified the toxic phenols found in peanut shell waste. The high catalytic efficiency of this enzyme against a lignocellulosic sample under extreme conditions suggests the suitability of this laccase for industrial applications.
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Laccases as a Potential Tool for the Efficient Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Review. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation3020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kumar R, Sharma RK, Singh AP. Cellulose based grafted biosorbents - Journey from lignocellulose biomass to toxic metal ions sorption applications - A review. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rezaei S, Shahverdi AR, Faramarzi MA. Isolation, one-step affinity purification, and characterization of a polyextremotolerant laccase from the halophilic bacterium Aquisalibacillus elongatus and its application in the delignification of sugar beet pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 230:67-75. [PMID: 28161622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the ability of a halophilic bacterial laccase to efficient delignification in extreme conditions. Here, a highly stable extracellular laccase showing ligninolytic activity from halophilic Aquisalibacillus elongatus is described. The laccase production was strongly influenced by NaCl and CuSO4 and under optimal conditions reached 4.8UmL-1. The monomeric enzyme of 75kDa was purified by a synthetic affinity column with 68.2% yield and 99.8-fold purification. The enzyme showed some valuable features viz. stability against a wide range of organic solvents, salts, metals, inhibitors, and surfactants and specificity to a wide spectrum of substrates diverse in structure and redox potential. It retained more than 50% of the original activity at 25-75°C and pH 5.0-10.0. Furthermore, the enzyme was found to be effective in the delignification of sugar beet pulp in an ionic liquid that makes it useful for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Rezaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shahverdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
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Abstract
Laccases are multi-copper oxidoreductases which catalyze the oxidation of a wide range of substrates during the simultaneous reduction of oxygen to water. These enzymes, originally found in fungi, plants, and other natural sources, have many industrial and biotechnological applications. They are used in the food, textile, pulp, and paper industries, as well as for bioremediation purposes. Although natural hosts can provide relatively high levels of active laccases after production optimization, heterologous expression can bring, moreover, engineered enzymes with desired properties, such as different substrate specificity or improved stability. Hence, diverse hosts suitable for laccase production are reviewed here, while the greatest emphasis is placed on yeasts which are commonly used for industrial production of various proteins. Different approaches to optimize the laccase expression and activity are also discussed in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Antošová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Masran R, Zanirun Z, Bahrin EK, Ibrahim MF, Lai Yee P, Abd-Aziz S. Harnessing the potential of ligninolytic enzymes for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5231-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Sitarz AK, Mikkelsen JD, Meyer AS. Structure, functionality and tuning up of laccases for lignocellulose and other industrial applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:70-86. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.949617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Plácido J, Capareda S. Ligninolytic enzymes: a biotechnological alternative for bioethanol production. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Laccase applications in biofuels production: current status and future prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6525-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Moreno AD, Ibarra D, Alvira P, Tomás-Pejó E, Ballesteros M. A review of biological delignification and detoxification methods for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 35:342-54. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.878896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Qiu W, Chen H. Enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of wheat straw after combined steam explosion and laccase pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 118:8-12. [PMID: 22695139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Laccase, capable of selectively degrading lignin while keeping cellulose intact, has been widely applied for the modification and bio-bleaching of pulp. In this study Sclerotium sp. laccase (MSLac) was employed in combination with steam explosion to evaluate the effect of this treatment on cellulose hydrolysis. Combined steam explosion with laccase pretreatment enhanced the cellulose conversion rate of wheat straw no matter in the case of successive (MSLac-Cel) and simultaneous (MSLac+Cel) MSLac and cellulase hydrolysis. The highest cellulose conversion rate of 84.23% was obtained when steam-exploded wheat straw (SEWS) (1.3 MPa, 5 min) was treated by MSLac+Cel at a laccase loading of 0.55 U g(-1) substrate. FT-IR and SEM analyses indicated that MSLac oxidized the phenol and changed electron configuration of the ring, which contributed to loosening the compact wrap of lignin-carbohydrate complex and consequently enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of cellulose. This article provided a promising method for lignocellulose bio-pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Expression of the laccase gene from a white rot fungus in Pichia pastoris can enhance the resistance of this yeast to H2O2-mediated oxidative stress by stimulating the glutathione-based antioxidative system. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:5845-54. [PMID: 22706050 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00218-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccase is a copper-containing polyphenol oxidase that has great potential in industrial and biotechnological applications. Previous research has suggested that fungal laccase may be involved in the defense against oxidative stress, but there is little direct evidence supporting this hypothesis, and the mechanism by which laccase protects cells from oxidative stress also remains unclear. Here, we report that the expression of the laccase gene from white rot fungus in Pichia pastoris can significantly enhance the resistance of yeast to H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidative stress. The expression of laccase in yeast was found to confer a strong ability to scavenge intracellular H(2)O(2) and to protect cells from lipid oxidative damage. The mechanism by which laccase gene expression increases resistance to oxidative stress was then investigated further. We found that laccase gene expression in Pichia pastoris could increase the level of glutathione-based antioxidative activity, including the intracellular glutathione levels and the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. The transcription of the laccase gene in Pichia pastoris was found to be enhanced by the oxidative stress caused by exogenous H(2)O(2). The stimulation of laccase gene expression in response to exogenous H(2)O(2) stress further contributed to the transcriptional induction of the genes involved in the glutathione-dependent antioxidative system, including PpYAP1, PpGPX1, PpPMP20, PpGLR1, and PpGSH1. Taken together, these results suggest that the expression of the laccase gene in Pichia pastoris can enhance the resistance of yeast to H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidative stress by stimulating the glutathione-based antioxidative system to protect the cell from oxidative damage.
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Falkoski DL, Guimarães VM, de Almeida MN, Alfenas AC, Colodette JL, de Rezende ST. Characterization of Cellulolytic Extract from Pycnoporus sanguineus PF-2 and Its Application in Biomass Saccharification. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1586-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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