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Yu Milman P, Gilvanova EA, Aktuganov GE. The improved purification technique for isolation of the novel CGTase from the alkaliphilc strain Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus IB-OR17-B1. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39106060 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2386558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes many enzymatic reactions including cyclization, binding, disproportionation and hydrolysis reactions, playing an important role in the enzymatic synthesis of compounds that are widely used in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, food, chemical and biotechnology industries. The present research is aimed to optimize the purification protocol for the extracellular CGTase of alkaliphilc bacterial strain Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus IB-OR17-B1 guaranteeing the enzyme homogeneity and its high yield. The improved combination of ultrafiltration and corn-starch (5% w/v) affinity sorption techniques resulted to mild and rapid isolation of electrophoritically homogenic enzyme at 18 × increase of its specific activity and yield 56%. The developed two-step procedure instead the practiced tree-step one using commonly ion-exchange chromatography as final purification technique highly contributes in advance of cost-effectiveness for industrial production and isolation of valuable CGTases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu Milman
- Ufa Institute of Biology of Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Ufa
| | - E A Gilvanova
- Ufa Institute of Biology of Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Ufa
| | - G E Aktuganov
- Ufa Institute of Biology of Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Ufa
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Riccio BVF, Meneguin AB, Baveloni FG, de Antoni JA, Robusti LMG, Gremião MPD, Ferrari PC, Chorilli M. Biopharmaceutical and nanotoxicological aspects of cyclodextrins for non-invasive topical treatments: A critical review. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1410-1420. [PMID: 36579752 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are nanometric cyclic oligosaccharides with amphiphilic characteristics that increase the stability of drugs in pharmaceutical forms and bioavailability, in addition to protecting them against oxidation and UV radiation. Some of their characteristics are low toxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. They are divided into α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, each with its own particularities. They can undergo surface modifications to improve their performances. Furthermore, their drug inclusion complexes can be made by various methods, including lyophilization, spray drying, magnetic stirring, kneading, and others. Cyclodextrins can solve several problems in drug stability when incorporated into dosage forms (including tablets, gels, films, nanoparticles, and suppositories) and allow better topical biological effects of drugs at administration sites such as skin, eyeballs, and oral, nasal, vaginal, and rectal cavities. However, as they are nanostructured systems and some of them can cause mild toxicity depending on the application site, they must be evaluated for their nanotoxicology and nanosafety aspects. Moreover, there is evidence that they can cause severe ototoxicity, killing cells from the ear canal even when applied by other administration routes. Therefore, they should be avoided in otologic administration and should have their permeation/penetration profiles and the in vivo hearing system integrity evaluated to certify that they will be safe and will not cause hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincenzo Fiod Riccio
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Franciele Garcia Baveloni
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Leda Maria Gorla Robusti
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Zhang R, Tang R, Wang W, Bi J, Xu X, Fan Q, Li Y, Chen Q. Engineering of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase improves the conversion efficiency of rebaudioside A to glucosylated steviol glycosides and increases the content of short-chain glycosylated steviol glycoside. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:113. [PMID: 37312096 PMCID: PMC10265904 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with steviol glycosides, the taste of glucosylated steviol glycosides is better and more similar to that of sucrose. At present, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) is primarily used to catalyze the conversion of steviol glycosides to glucosylated steviol glycosides, with soluble starch serving as a glycosyl donor. The main disadvantages of enzymatic transglycosylation are the limited number of enzymes available, the low conversion rates that result in low yields, and the lack of selectivity in the degree of glycosylation of the products. In order to fill these gaps, the proteome of Alkalihalobacillus oshimensis (also named Bacillus oshimensis) was used for mining novel CGTases. RESULTS Here, CGTase-15, a novel β-CGTase with a wide pH adaptation range, was identified and characterized. The catalyzed product of CGTase-15 tasted better than that of the commercial enzyme (Toruzyme® 3.0 L). In addition, two amino acid sites, Y199 and G265, which play important roles in the conversion of steviol glycosides to glucosylated steviol glycosides were identified by site-directed mutagenesis. Compared with CGTase-15, CGTase-15-Y199F mutant significantly increased the conversion rate of rebaudioside A (RA) to glucosylated steviol glycosides. Compared with CGTase-15, the content of short-chain glycosylated steviol glycosides catalyzed by CGTase-15-G265A mutant was significantly increased. Moreover, the function of Y199 and G265 was verified in other CGTases. The above mutation pattern has also been applied to CGTase-13 (a CGTase discovered by our laboratory with great potential in the production of glycosylated steviol glycosides), confirming that the catalytic product of CGTase-13-Y189F/G255A mutant has a better taste than that of CGTase-13. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the improvement of the sensory profiles of glycosylated steviol glycosides through site-directed mutagenesis of CGTase, which is significant for the production of glycosylated steviol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ruiqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jiahua Bi
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xianrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qiuling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Liu Z, Wu G, Wu H. Molecular cloning, and optimized production and characterization of recombinant cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus sp. T1. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:58. [PMID: 35186655 PMCID: PMC8816995 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase) is an enzyme which degrades starch to produce cyclodextrins (CDs). In this study, the β-CGTase producing strain T1 was identified as Bacillus sp. by its morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The cgt-T1 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. CGTase-T1 was purified by Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose column and the molecular weight was determined as approximately 75 kDa using SDS-PAGE analysis. For the expression of soluble proteins, the optimal induction conditions were 10 h at 25 °C with OD600 at 0.8. The purified CGTase-T1 exhibited maximum activity with an optimal pH and temperature of 6.0 and 65 °C. The enzyme was stable in a pH range of 7.0-10.0, retaining over 85% relative activity for 1 h. CGTase-T1 activity can be significantly enhanced by adding 1 mM Ba2+. Using a soluble starch substrate, the kinetic parameters were revealed with K M and k cat/K M values of 2.75 mg mL-1 and 1253.97 s-1 mL mg-1, respectively. Additionally, the four enzyme activities of CGTase-T1 were determined. The highest conversion rate to CDs (40.9%) was achieved from soluble starch after 8 h of enzyme reaction, where mainly β-CD was produced (79.1% of the total CDs yield), indicating that CGTase-T1 potentially has industrial application prospect. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03111-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, 1 South-Loop Road, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Bei Zhai Road, Shanghai, 201106 China
| | - Huawei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, 1 South-Loop Road, Jingzhou, 434025 China
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, 1 South-Loop Road, Jingzhou, 434025 China
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Chen S, Li Z, Gu Z, Ban X, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li C. Immobilization of β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase on gelatin enhances β-cyclodextrin production. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abdalla M, Hassanin HA, Yao X, Iqbal MW, Karrar E, Jiang B. Genetic and biochemical characterization of thermophilic β-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Gracilibacillus alcaliphilus SK51.001. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3308-3318. [PMID: 33222223 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gracilibacillus alcaliphilus SK51.001, a strain that produces β-CGTase (β-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase) (EC 2.4.1.19), was screened and isolated from Sudanese soil. The objective of this study was to sequence and characterize the β-CGTase gene from G. alcaliphilus SK51.001. RESULTS According to 16S rRNA analysis of the strain and its morphological shape, it was identified as G. alcaliphilus. The β-CGTase gene was successfully cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. This gene showed 706 amino acid residues including 33 amino acids as a signal peptide. The active site residues of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase were described using enzyme modeling and docking with the products. The estimated molecular mass of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase was approximately 74 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the evaluation of the gel filtration showed approximately 85 kDa, which means G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase is a monomer. The optimum temperature and pH of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase were 60 °C and 7.0 respectively. Gracilibacillus alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase was comparatively stable at a pH levels between 6.0 and 9.0 and temperatures of 30-50 °C. The activity of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase was increased by Ni2+ , and Co2+ but inhibited by Al3+ and Fe3+ . The kinetic parameters of Km and Vmax were 2068.52 μg mL-1 and 0.13 μmol mL-1 min-1 , respectively. CONCLUSION Gracilibacillus alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase could hydrolyze soluble starch into α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin in a ratio of 2: 83: 15% respectively. This high ratio production of β-CD could allow the enzyme to be used in β-CD production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdalla
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Food Processing, Faculty of Engineering, University of El Imam El Mahadi, Kosti, Sudan
| | - Hinawi Am Hassanin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Muhammad W Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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7
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Lim CH, Rasti B, Sulistyo J, Hamid MA. Comprehensive study on transglycosylation of CGTase from various sources. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06305. [PMID: 33665455 PMCID: PMC7907775 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglycosylation is the in-vivo or in-vitro process of transferring glycosyl groups from a donor to an acceptor, which is usually performed by enzymatic reactions because of their simplicity, low steric hindrance, high region-specificity, low production cost, and mild processing conditions. One of the enzymes commonly used in the transglycosylation reaction is cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase). The transglycosylated products, catalyzed by CGTase, are widely used in food additives, supplements, and personal care and cosmetic products. This is due to improvements in the solubility, stability, bioactivity and length of the synthesized products. This paper's focus is on the importance of enzymes used in the transglycosylation reaction, their characteristics and mechanism of action, sources and production yield, and donor and acceptor specificities. Moreover, the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the enzymatic reaction, catalysis of glycosidic linkages, and advantages of CGTase transglycosylation reactions are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Hui Lim
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Babak Rasti
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Joko Sulistyo
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Jalan Ngagel Jaya Selatan, Surabaya, 60294, Indonesia
| | - Mansoor Abdul Hamid
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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8
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Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Method for Effective Improvement of Cyclodextrin Yield and Product Specificity. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Hashim SO. Starch-Modifying Enzymes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 172:221-244. [PMID: 30937486 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Starch is a carbohydrate polymer found abundantly on earth. It is synthesized in plants as a short-term storage compound for respiration in the leaves and for long-term storage in the tubers, seeds and roots of plants. A wide variety of enzymes modify or convert starch into various products. The classes of enzymes that act on starch include endoamylases, exoamylases, debranching enzymes and transferases. Starch-modifying enzymes of microbial origin are utilized in a wide variety of industrial applications. Alkaline-active amylases are diverse in terms of optimum reaction conditions, substrate and product specificity. Amylases that are active at lower temperatures and alkaline conditions are most suited for detergent formulation. Other notable starch-modifying enzymes from alkaliphiles include maltooligosaccharide-forming amylases and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases), which produce a variety of maltooligosaccharides and cyclodextrins, respectively. Such compounds are used in the food, fine chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, among others. Alkaline-active amylases are also applicable in the paper, textile and leather industries and also in bioremediation and alkaline waste water treatment. Their application in these fields is further enhanced through stabilization and improving their specificity and catalytic action by employing nanotechnology and genetic engineering. Graphical Abstract *Alkaline alpha-amylase AmyK from Bacillus sp. KSM-1378. Shirai T, Igarashi K, Ozawa T, Hagihara H, Kobayashi T, Ozaki K, Ito S (2007) Proteins 66:600-610. Source: Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaila Omar Hashim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.
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10
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Reddy SV, More SS, Annappa GS. Purification and properties of beta-cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus flexus SV 1. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:974-981. [PMID: 28857197 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase is a unique enzyme that degrades starch into cyclic oligosaccharides called cyclodextrins, which have numerous applications in various industries such as pharmaceutical, textile, agricultural, cosmetics etc. Due to its wide applications, microorganism producing one type of cyclodextrin is of interest as it simplifies the down streaming process of separating mixture of cyclodextrins. In the present study, β-CGTase was isolated from Bacillus flexus SV 1 and biochemically characterized. Enzyme was purified by starch adsorption followed by DEAE cellulose column chromatography which resulted in a fold purification of 6.1, with a yield of 44.07%. Molecular weight of the purified enzyme was found to be 96.68 kDa, enzyme was monomeric in nature with a Km and Vmax of 0.08976 μmol mL-1 and 585.1 μmol/ml/min, respectively. Optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme was found to be 8.0 and 60 °C. Ca2+ showed significant increase in enzyme activity. The inhibition of enzyme by EDTA indicates that CGTase is a metalloenzyme. CGTase produced majorly β-CD and was alkalotolarent and active at high temperatures which is a promising candidate for various industries such as textile, food, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetha V Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for postgraduate studies. Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Goutham S Annappa
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, India
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11
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Kabacaoğlu E, Karakaş Budak B. Heterologous expression of β-γ-type cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase of newly isolated alkaliphilic Bacillussp. SD5 in Pichia pastoris. STARCH-STARKE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201600365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eda Kabacaoğlu
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Food Engineering; Akdeniz University; Antalya Turkey
| | - Barçın Karakaş Budak
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Food Engineering; Akdeniz University; Antalya Turkey
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12
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Jia X, Ye X, Chen J, Lin X, Vasseur L, You M. Purification and biochemical characterization of a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase fromGeobacillus thermoglucosidansCHB1. STARCH-STARKE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Jia
- Institute of Applied Ecology; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou P. R. China
- Faculty of Life Sciences; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Ye
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer; Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Jichen Chen
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer; Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Xinjian Lin
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer; Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Liette Vasseur
- Institute of Applied Ecology; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou P. R. China
- Department of Biological Sciences; Brock University; Ontario Canada
| | - Minsheng You
- Institute of Applied Ecology; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou P. R. China
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A novel cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from an alkaliphile Microbacterium terrae KNR 9: purification and properties. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:168. [PMID: 28330240 PMCID: PMC4987636 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC. 2.1.1.19) produced using new alkaliphile Microbacterium terrae KNR 9 has been purified to homogeneity in a single step by the starch adsorption method. The specific activity of the purified CGTase was 45 U/mg compared to crude 0.9 U/mg. This resulted in a 50-fold purification of the enzyme with 33 % yield. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was found to be 27.72 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. Non-denaturing gel electrophoresis and activity staining confirmed the presence of CGTase in crude and the ammonium sulfate precipitate fraction. The purified CGTase has a pI value of 4.2. The optimum pH of 6.0 and 60 °C temperature were found to be the best for CGTase activity. Purified CGTase showed 5.18 kcal/mol activation energy (Ea). The CGTase activity was increased in the presence of metal ions (5 mM): Ca+2 (130 %), Mg+2 (123 %), Mn+2 (119 %) and Co+2 (116 %). The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited in the presence of Hg+2 (0.0 %), Cu+2 (0.0 %) and Fe+2 (3.8 %). Inhibitor N-bromosuccinimide (5 mM) showed the highest 96 % inhibition of CGTase activity. SDS and triton X-100 among different detergents and surfactants (1.0 %, w/v) tested showed 92 % inhibition. Among the organic solvents checked for their effect on enzyme activity, 5 % (v/v) toluene resulted in 48 % increased activity. Polyethylene glycol-6000 showed a 26 % increase in the CGTase activity. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were 10 mg/ml and 146 µmol/mg min, respectively, for purified CGTase.
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14
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Coelho SLDA, Magalhães VC, Marbach PAS, Cazetta ML. A new alkalophilic isolate of Bacillus as a producer of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase using cassava flour. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:120-8. [PMID: 26887234 PMCID: PMC4822754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) catalyzes the conversion of starch into non-reducing cyclic sugars, cyclodextrins, which have several industrial applications. This study aimed to establish optimal culture conditions for β-CGTase production by Bacillus sp. SM-02, isolated from soil of cassava industries waste water lake. The optimization was performed by Central Composite Design (CCD) 2, using cassava flour and corn steep liquor as substrates. The maximum production of 1087.9UmL(-1) was obtained with 25.0gL(-1) of cassava flour and 3.5gL(-1) of corn steep after 72h by submerged fermentation. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 5.0 and temperature 55°C, and maintained thermal stability at 55°C for 3h. The enzymatic activity was stimulated in the presence of Mg(+2), Ca(+2), EDTA, K(+), Ba(+2) and Na(+) and inhibited in the presence of Hg(+2), Cu(+2), Fe(+2) and Zn(+2). The results showed that Bacillus sp. SM-02 have good potential for β-CGTase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Lorena de Araújo Coelho
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Valter Cruz Magalhães
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Phellippe Arthur Santos Marbach
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcia Luciana Cazetta
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil.
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Yu X, Yang J, Li B, Yuan H. High efficiency transformation of stevioside into a single mono-glycosylated product using a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Paenibacillus sp. CGMCC 5316. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1983-91. [PMID: 26395638 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stevioside is a non-caloric, natural, high-intensity sweetener. However, the bitter aftertaste of stevioside restricts its utilization for human consumption and limits its application in the food industry. In this study, a high efficiency enzymatic modification system was investigated to improve stevioside taste quality. A cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) producing strain Paenibacillus sp. CGMCC 5316 was isolated from Stevia planting soil. With starch as glycosyl donor, this CGTase can transform stevioside into a single specific product which is an isomer of rebaudioside A and identified as mono-glycosylated stevioside. The taste of stevioside is improved noticeably by generating mono-glycosylated stevioside, which possesses a sucrose-like taste and has sweetness increased significantly by 35.4%. Next, the parameters influencing CGTase production were optimized. Compared to initial conditions, CGTase activity increased by 214.7% under optimum conditions of 3.9 g/L starch, 17.9 g/L tryptone, and 67.6 h of culture time, and the transglycosylation rate of stevioside was remarkably increased by 284.8%, reaching 85.6%. This CGTase modification system provides a promising solution for improving the sweetness and taste quality of stevioside. The efficiency of CGTase transformation can be greatly increased by optimizing the culture conditions of Paenibacillus sp. CGMCC 5316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baozhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Sivapragasam M, Abdullah N. RECOVERY OF CYCLODEXTRIN GLUCANOTRANSFERASE (CGTase) USING IMMOBILIZED METAL CHELATING AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20150321s00003124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Ara KZG, Lundemo P, Fridjonsson OH, Hreggvidsson GO, Adlercreutz P, Karlsson EN. A CGTase with high coupling activity using γ-cyclodextrin isolated from a novel strain clustering under the genus Carboxydocella. Glycobiology 2014; 25:514-23. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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18
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Ramirez Pérez HL. Production and characterization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus.sp isolated from Cuban Soil. SCIENCEOPEN RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-chem.asglim.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) from an alkaliphilic Bacillus.sp strain, isolated from Cuba soil, was purified with Sephadex G-50 with a yield of 66.5 %. The CGTase was stable over a very wide pH range, 6.0 –10, at 25°C and was most active at pH 7.5. The enzyme exhibited an optimum temperature of 60°C and was stable to 50°C for at least 8 h. The T50 value – defined as the temperature at which 50% of the initial activity was retained– was 63 °C in this enzyme . The influence of substrate or product concentration on the initial rate of CD production was studied and the kinetic parameters were determined. The analysis of kinetic parameters Km and Vmax was obtained by the action of CGTase on the starch of corn with respect to β-CD and the values were 4.1 g/L and 5,2 μM β-CD/min ml respectively.. The purified CGTase from Bacillus.sp could be used for an efficient cyclodextrin production which significant yield of γ-cyclodextrins.
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19
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Elbaz AF, Sobhi A, ElMekawy A. Purification and characterization of cyclodextrin β-glucanotransferase from novel alkalophilic bacilli. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:767-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Lee YS, Zhou Y, Park DJ, Chang J, Choi YL. β-cyclodextrin production by the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Paenibacillus illinoisensis ZY-08: cloning, purification, and properties. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:865-73. [PMID: 23264152 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC2.4.1.19) of Paenibacillus illinoisensis was isolated, cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis showed that the mature enzyme (684 amino acids) was preceded by a signal peptide of 34-residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the CGTase from P. illinoisensis ZY-08 exhibited highest identity (99 %) to the CGTase sequence from Bacillus licheniformis (P14014). The four consensus regions of carbohydrate converting domain and Ca(2+) binding domain could be identified in the sequence. The CGTase was purified by using cold expression vector, pCold I, and His-tag affinity chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was about 74 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme were 40 °C and pH 7.4, respectively. The enzyme activity was increased by the addition of Ca(2+) and inhibited by Ba(2+), Cu(2+), and Hg(2+). The K m and V max values calculated were 0.48 mg/ml and 51.38 mg of β-cyclodextrin/ml/min. The ZY-08 and recombinant readily converted soluble starch to β-cyclodextrin but ZY-08 did not convert king oyster mushroom powder and enoki mushroom powder. However the recombinant CGTase converted king oyster mushroom powder and enoki mushroom powder to β-cyclodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Suk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
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21
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Sequence analysis, cloning and extracellular expression of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase gene from the alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudalcaliphilus 8SB in Escherichia coli. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Ibrahim ASS, Al-Salamah AA, El-Tayeb MA, El-Badawi YB, Antranikian G. A novel cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Alkaliphilic Amphibacillus sp. NPST-10: purification and properties. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10505-10522. [PMID: 22949876 PMCID: PMC3431874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130810505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening for cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase)-producing alkaliphilic bacteria from samples collected from hyper saline soda lakes (Wadi Natrun Valley, Egypt), resulted in isolation of potent CGTase producing alkaliphilic bacterium, termed NPST-10. 16S rDNA sequence analysis identified the isolate as Amphibacillus sp. CGTase was purified to homogeneity up to 22.1 fold by starch adsorption and anion exchange chromatography with a yield of 44.7%. The purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with an estimated molecular weight of 92 kDa using SDS-PAGE. Catalytic activities of the enzyme were found to be 88.8 U mg−1 protein, 20.0 U mg−1 protein and 11.0 U mg−1 protein for cyclization, coupling and hydrolytic activities, respectively. The enzyme was stable over a wide pH range from pH 5.0 to 11.0, with a maximal activity at pH 8.0. CGTase exhibited activity over a wide temperature range from 45 °C to 70 °C, with maximal activity at 50 °C and was stable at 30 °C to 55 °C for at least 1 h. Thermal stability of the purified enzyme could be significantly improved in the presence of CaCl2. Km and Vmax values were estimated using soluble starch as a substrate to be 1.7 ± 0.15 mg/mL and 100 ± 2.0 μmol/min, respectively. CGTase was significantly inhibited in the presence of Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ba2+, Cd2+, and 2-mercaptoethanol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CGTase production by Amphibacillus sp. The achieved high conversion of insoluble raw corn starch into cyclodextrins (67.2%) with production of mainly β-CD (86.4%), makes Amphibacillus sp. NPST-10 desirable for the cyclodextrin production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser S. S. Ibrahim
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.A.A.-S.); (M.A.E.-T.); (Y.B.E.-B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +966-1-4675870
| | - Ali A. Al-Salamah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.A.A.-S.); (M.A.E.-T.); (Y.B.E.-B.)
| | - Mohamed A. El-Tayeb
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.A.A.-S.); (M.A.E.-T.); (Y.B.E.-B.)
| | - Yahya B. El-Badawi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.A.A.-S.); (M.A.E.-T.); (Y.B.E.-B.)
| | - Garabed Antranikian
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, Hamburg University of Technology, Kasernenstrasse 12, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; E-Mail:
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