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Przekora A, Penolazzi L, Kalisz G, Kazimierczak P, Canal C, Wojcik M, Piva R, Sroka-Bartnicka A. Osteoclast-mediated acidic hydrolysis of thermally gelled curdlan component of the bone scaffolds: Is it possible? Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Exploiting diol reactivity for the access to unprecedented low molecular weight curdlan sulfate polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118324. [PMID: 34294336 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Curdlan is a bacterial sourced polysaccharide, consisting of a linear backbone of β-1 → 3-linked glucose (Glc) units. The high interest in pharmaceutical applications of curdlan and derivatives thereof is fueling the study of multi-step sequences for regioselective modifications of its structure. Here we have developed semi-synthetic sequences based on a regioselective protection-sulfation-deprotection approach, allowing the access to some, new, low molecular weight curdlan polysaccharide derivatives with unprecedented sulfation patterns. Three different semi-synthetic schemes were investigated, all relying upon the installation of a cyclic benzylidene protecting group on Glc O-4,6-diols, followed by either direct sulfation and deprotection, or some additional steps - including a hydrolytic or oxidative cleavage of the benzylidene rings - prior to sulfation and deprotection. The six obtained polysaccharides were subjected to a detailed structural characterization by 2D-NMR analysis, revealing that some of them showed the majority of Glc units along the polymeric backbone decorated by unprecedented sulfation motifs.
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Wu J, Yang R, Gao M, Zhang H, Zhan X. Synthesis of functional oligosaccharides and their derivatives through cocultivation and cellular NTP regeneration. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 115:35-63. [PMID: 34140133 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play an important role in the life cycle. Among them, functional oligosaccharides show a complex and diverse structures with unique physiological activities and biological functions. However, different preparation methods directly affect the structure, molecular weight, and other functions of oligosaccharides, as well as their application fields and manufacturing costs. In the preparation of β-1,3-glucan oligosaccharides (OBGs), water insolubility of β-1,3-glucans hampers the hydrolysis efficiency. The synthesis of some functional oligosaccharides requires the consumption of energy substrates, such as ATP, CTP, and uridine triphosphate, for sugar nucleotide synthesis, leading to increased capital costs. A more economical solution to solve energy supply is to adopt microbial cocultivation or cellular nucleoside triphosphate regeneration. This review focused on the sources, preparation methods, biological activities of OBG, and the cultivation methods and applications of microbial cocultivation and fermentation. We also reviewed the preparation methods of other functional oligosaccharides, such as sialylated oligosaccharides, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide, and α-galacto-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Calhelha RC, Martínez MA, Prieto MA, Ferreira ICFR. Mathematical models of cytotoxic effects in endpoint tumor cell line assays: critical assessment of the application of a single parametric value as a standard criterion to quantify the dose-response effects and new unexplored proposal formats. Analyst 2018; 142:4124-4141. [PMID: 28991301 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00782e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of convenient tools for describing and quantifying the effects of standard and novel therapeutic agents is essential for the research community, to perform more precise evaluations. Although mathematical models and quantification criteria have been exchanged in the last decade between different fields of study, there are relevant methodologies that lack proper mathematical descriptions and standard criteria to quantify their responses. Therefore, part of the relevant information that can be drawn from the experimental results obtained and the quantification of its statistical reliability are lost. Despite its relevance, there is not a standard form for the in vitro endpoint tumor cell lines' assays (TCLA) that enables the evaluation of the cytotoxic dose-response effects of anti-tumor drugs. The analysis of all the specific problems associated with the diverse nature of the available TCLA used is unfeasible. However, since most TCLA share the main objectives and similar operative requirements, we have chosen the sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay for cytotoxicity screening of tumor cell lines as an experimental case study. In this work, the common biological and practical non-linear dose-response mathematical models are tested against experimental data and, following several statistical analyses, the model based on the Weibull distribution was confirmed as the convenient approximation to test the cytotoxic effectiveness of anti-tumor compounds. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of all the different parametric criteria derived from the model, which enable the quantification of the dose-response drug-effects, are extensively discussed. Therefore, model and standard criteria for easily performing the comparisons between different compounds are established. The advantages include a simple application, provision of parametric estimations that characterize the response as standard criteria, economization of experimental effort and enabling rigorous comparisons among the effects of different compounds and experimental approaches. In all experimental data fitted, the calculated parameters were always statistically significant, the equations proved to be consistent and the correlation coefficient of determination was, in most of the cases, higher than 0.98.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo C Calhelha
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Mannans: An overview of properties and application in food products. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:79-95. [PMID: 30048723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to emphasize the occurrence and abundant presence of mannans in nature, their classification, structural differences and significance in food and feed industry. With rising demand from the consumers' end for novel natural foods, usage of galactomannan and glucomannan has also increased alternatively. Non toxicity of mannans permits their usage in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics, and textile industries. In the food industry, mannans have various applications such as edible films/coating, gel formation, stiffeners, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, texture improvers, water absorbants, as prebiotics in dairy products and bakery, seasonings, diet foods, coffee whiteners etc. Applications and functions of these commonly used commercially available mannans have therefore, been highlighted. Mannans improve the texture and appeal of food products and provide numerous health benefits like controlling obesity and body weight control, prebiotic benefits, constipation alleviaton, prevent occurrence of diarrhea, check inflammation due to gut related diseases, management of diverticular disease management, balance intestinal microbiota, immune system modulator, reduced risk of colorectal cancer etc. Mannan degrading enzymes are the key enzymes involved in degradation and are useful in various industrial processes such as fruit juice clarification, viscosity reduction of coffee extracts etc. besides facilitating the process steps and improving process quality.
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Enhanced production of curdlan by coupled fermentation system of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 and Trichoderma harzianum GIM 3.442. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1687-1694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Production of high-value β-1,3-glucooligosaccharides by microwave-assisted hydrothermal hydrolysis of curdlan. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Heleno SA, Prieto M, Barros L, Rodrigues A, Barreiro MF, Ferreira IC. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of ergosterol from Agaricus bisporus L. by-products using response surface methodology. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Prieto MA, Prieto I, Vázquez JA, Ferreira ICFR. An environmental management industrial solution for the treatment and reuse of mussel wastewaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:117-128. [PMID: 26298254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the North-West of Spain, the annual production of mussel is 2×10(6)t (35% of the world). The industrial thermal treatment of mussels generates between 300 and 400L/t wastewaters that are continuously disposed into the sea without previous treatment and or further reuse. These effluents, relatively rich in organic matter (7g glycogen/L and 25g COD/L), contribute to the progressive deterioration of the marine ecosystem. We wish to suggest a biotechnological process, based on a laboratory optimization and industrial pre-scale trials, to transform these industrial effluents into a growth culture medium to produce microbial biomass. Furthermore, this biomass is isolated and treated by different optimized separation and purification processes to produce several bioproducts: 1) single cell protein; 2) cell wall material with a high content in glucans and glycoproteins 3) fractions of 1,3-β-glucans and mannoproteins from yeast cell walls hydrolysis; and 4) a potential antioxidant extract. Finally, the authors propose a scaled process for its industrial application. In consequence, we believe that this work provides an environmentally friendly, eco-designed and profitable solution that allows integrating the mussel industry into the ecosystem in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - I Prieto
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - J A Vázquez
- Grupo de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), Vigo 36208, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
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A time-dose model to quantify the antioxidant responses of the oxidative hemolysis inhibition assay (OxHLIA) and its extension to evaluate other hemolytic effectors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:632971. [PMID: 25243169 PMCID: PMC4160643 DOI: 10.1155/2014/632971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of a convenient mathematical application for testing the antioxidant potential of standard and novel therapeutic agents is essential for the research community to perform evaluations in a more precise form. The in vitro oxidative hemolysis inhibition assay, despite its relevance for in vivo responses, lacks a proper mathematical model to quantify the responses. In this work, a simple nonlinear time-dose tool to test the effectiveness of antioxidant compounds is presented. The model was verified with available experimental data from the bibliography. The model helps to describe accurately the antioxidant response as a function of time and dose allowing comparisons between compounds. Its advantages are a simple application, provision of parametric estimates that characterize the response, simplification of the protocol, economization of experimental effort, and facilitation of rigorous comparisons among the effects of different compounds and experimental approaches. Finally, other effectors that may obstruct or be of interest for the antioxidant determination are also modeled in similar principles. Thus, the basis of more complex multivariable models is provided. In all experimental data fitted, the calculated parameters were always statistically significant, the equations prove to be consistent, and the correlation coefficient of determination was in all cases higher than 0.98.
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Prieto MA, Vázquez JA, Murado MA. A critical point: the problems associated with the variety of criteria to quantify the antioxidant capacity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5472-5484. [PMID: 24834881 DOI: 10.1021/jf5005995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The oxidant action implies interfering in an autocatalytic process, in which no less than five chemical species are present (oxygen, oxidizable substrate, radicals, antioxidants, and oxidation products); furthermore, reactions of first and second order can take place, and interactions can occur, at several levels of the process. The common and incorrect practice is to use the single-time dose-response of an established antioxidant as a calibration curve to compute the equivalent antioxidant capacity of a sample, which is only tested at one single time-dose, assuming too many false aspects as true. Its use is unreasonable, given the availability of computational applications and instrumental equipment that, combined, provide the adequate tools to work with different variables in nonlinear models. The evaluation of the dose-time dependency of the response of the β-carotene method as a case study, using the combination of strong quantification procedures and a high amount of results with lower experimental error (applying microplate readers), reveals the lack of meaning of single-time criteria. Also, it demonstrates that, in most of the reactions, the time-dependent response in the oxidation process is inherently nonlinear and should not be standardized at one single time, because it would lead to unreliable results, hiding the real aspects of the response. In food matrices, the application of single-time criteria causes deficiencies in the control of the antioxidant content. Therefore, it is logical that, in the past decade, researchers have claimed consensus to increase the determination and effectiveness of antioxidant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Prieto
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Research Marine Institute (IIM-CSIC) , Vigo 36208, Spain
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Prieto M, Murado M, Vázquez J, Curran TP. Analytical criteria to quantify and compare the antioxidant and pro-oxidant capacity in competition assays: The bell protection function. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Oversimplification and overstandardization in biological methods: sperm bioassays in ecotoxicology as a case of study and a proposal for their reformulation. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:936202. [PMID: 24672396 PMCID: PMC3933505 DOI: 10.1155/2014/936202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An interesting toxicological bioassay (fertilization inhibition in sea urchin) uses as assessment criterion a variable (fertilization ratio) whose variation with time creates two types of difficulties. First, it fails to distinguish between the toxic effect and the spontaneous decline in the sperm activity, causing some inconsistencies. Second, the sensitivity of the fertilization ratio to many other variables of the system requires a complex standardization, constraining the achievement of the method without solving its main problem. Our proposal consists of using a parameter (sperm half-life) as the response of the assay, and describing explicitly the behavior of the system as a simultaneous function of dose and time. This new focus is able to solve the problematic character of the results based on the fertilization ratio and by using the same data set which is required by the conventional approach; it simplifies the protocol, economizes experimental effort, provides unambiguous and robust results, and contributes to the detection of an artefactual temperature effect, which is not very evident under the usual perspective. Potential application of this new approach to the improvement of other formally similar bioassays is finally suggested.
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Lage MÁP, García MAM, Álvarez JAV, Anders Y, Curran TP. A new microplate procedure for simultaneous assessment of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants and pro-oxidants, using crocin and β-carotene bleaching methods in a single combined assay: Tea extracts as a case study. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stability of (1→3)-β-polyglucuronic acid under various pH and temperature conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:413-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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A new effective process for production of curdlan oligosaccharides based on alkali-neutralization treatment and acid hydrolysis of curdlan particles in water suspension. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:8495-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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