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Bioethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass-Challenges and Solutions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248717. [PMID: 36557852 PMCID: PMC9785513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarding the limited resources for fossil fuels and increasing global energy demands, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change, there is a need to find alternative energy sources that are sustainable, environmentally friendly, renewable, and economically viable. In the last several decades, interest in second-generation bioethanol production from non-food lignocellulosic biomass in the form of organic residues rapidly increased because of its abundance, renewability, and low cost. Bioethanol production fits into the strategy of a circular economy and zero waste plans, and using ethanol as an alternative fuel gives the world economy a chance to become independent of the petrochemical industry, providing energy security and environmental safety. However, the conversion of biomass into ethanol is a challenging and multi-stage process because of the variation in the biochemical composition of biomass and the recalcitrance of lignin, the aromatic component of lignocellulose. Therefore, the commercial production of cellulosic ethanol has not yet become well-received commercially, being hampered by high research and production costs, and substantial effort is needed to make it more widespread and profitable. This review summarises the state of the art in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, highlights the most challenging steps of the process, including pretreatment stages required to fragment biomass components and further enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, presents the most recent technological advances to overcome the challenges and high costs, and discusses future perspectives of second-generation biorefineries.
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Pre-feasibility analysis of the production of mucic acid from orange peel waste under the biorefinery concept. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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González-Llanes MD, Hernández-Calderón OM, Rios-Iribe EY, Alarid-García C, Castro Montoya AJ, Escamilla-Silva EM. Fermentable sugars production by enzymatic processing of agave leaf juice. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D. González-Llanes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya; Av. Tecnológico y Antonio García Cubas S/N, 38010; Celaya Guanajuato México
| | - Oscar M. Hernández-Calderón
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas; Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Av. de las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios; Ciudad Universitaria; 80013 Culiacán Sinaloa México
| | - Erika Y. Rios-Iribe
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas; Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Av. de las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios; Ciudad Universitaria; 80013 Culiacán Sinaloa México
| | - Cristian Alarid-García
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya; Av. Tecnológico y Antonio García Cubas S/N, 38010; Celaya Guanajuato México
| | - Agustín J. Castro Montoya
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Francisco J. Mújica s/n Col. Felicitas del Río CP 58060 Morelia Michoacán México
| | - Eleazar M. Escamilla-Silva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya; Av. Tecnológico y Antonio García Cubas S/N, 38010; Celaya Guanajuato México
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Comparison of One-Stage Batch and Fed-Batch Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Hardwood for the Production of Biosugar. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:1441-1452. [PMID: 29064030 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fed-batch method has shown a great promise in debottlenecking the high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis for the commercialization of cellulosic biosugar conversion for biofuel/biochemical production. To further improve enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency at high solid loading, fed-batch methods of green liquor-pretreated hardwood were performed to evaluate their effects on sugar recovery by comparing with one-stage batch method in this study. Among all the explored conditions, the fed-batch at 15% consistency gave higher sugar recovery on green liquor-pretreated hardwood compared to that of one-stage batch. By using general linear model analysis, the percentage of enzymatic sugar recovery in fed-batch consistency method (increasing consistency from the initial 10.7 to 15% at intervals of 24 and 48 h) was higher than that of batch hydrolysis at higher density of 15% consistency. Under that best fed-batch condition, the total sugar recovery of pretreated hardwood in enzymatic hydrolysate reached approximately 48.41% at Cellic® enzyme loading of 5 filter-paper unit (FPU)/g and 58.83% at Cellic® enzyme loading of 10 FPU/g with a hydrolysis time of 96 h.
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Tai C, Voltan DS, Keshwani DR, Meyer GE, Kuhar PS. Fuzzy logic feedback control for fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:937-44. [PMID: 26915095 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A fuzzy logic feedback control system was developed for process monitoring and feeding control in fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic biomass, dilute acid-pretreated corn stover. Digested glucose from hydrolysis reaction was assigned as input while doser feeding time and speed of pretreated biomass were responses from fuzzy logic control system. Membership functions for these three variables and rule-base were created based on batch hydrolysis data. The system response was first tested in LabVIEW environment then the performance was evaluated through real-time hydrolysis reaction. The feeding operations were determined timely by fuzzy logic control system and efficient responses were shown to plateau phases during hydrolysis. Feeding of proper amount of cellulose and maintaining solids content was well balanced. Fuzzy logic proved to be a robust and effective online feeding control tool for fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tai
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Diego S Voltan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.,Rural Engineering Department, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, 18610-307, Brazil
| | - Deepak R Keshwani
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
| | - George E Meyer
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Pankaj S Kuhar
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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Li PJ, Xia JL, Nie ZY, Shan Y. Saccharification of orange peel wastes with crude enzymes from new isolated Aspergillus japonicus PJ01. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 39:485-92. [PMID: 26718204 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the saccharification of orange peel wastes with crude enzymes from Aspergillus japonicus PJ01. Pretreated orange peel powder was hydrolyzed by submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) crude enzymes, the results showed that 4 % (w/v) of solid loading, undiluted crude enzymes, and 45 °C were suitable saccharification conditions. The hydrolysis kinetics showed that the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant [Formula: see text] and maximal reaction rate [Formula: see text] were 73.32 g/L and 0.118 g/(L min) for SmF enzyme, and 41.45 g/L and 0.116 g/(L min) for SSF enzyme, respectively. After 48 h of hydrolysis, the saccharification yields were 58.5 and 78.7 %, the reducing sugar concentrations were 14.9 and 20.1 mg/mL by SmF and SSF enzymes. Material balance showed that the SmF enzymatic hydrolysate was enriched galacturonic acid > arabinose > galactose > xylose, and the SSF enzymatic hydrolysate was enriched galacturonic acid > xylose > galactose > arabinose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jun Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jin-Lan Xia
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Zhen-Yuan Nie
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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Kumar S, Jain KK, Bhardwaj KN, Chakraborty S, Kuhad RC. Multiple Genes in a Single Host: Cost-Effective Production of Bacterial Laccase (cotA), Pectate Lyase (pel), and Endoxylanase (xyl) by Simultaneous Expression and Cloning in Single Vector in E. coli. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144379. [PMID: 26642207 PMCID: PMC4671577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to reduce the enzyme production cost for exploiting lignocellulosic materials by expression of multiple genes in a single host. Genes for bacterial laccase (CotA), pectate lyase (Pel) and endoxylanase (Xyl), which hold significance in lignocellulose degradation, were cloned in pETDuet-1 vector containing two independent cloning sites (MCS). CotA and xyl genes were cloned in MCS1 and MCS 2, respectively. Pel gene was cloned by inserting complete cassette (T7 promoter, ribosome binding site, pel gene, His tag and complete gene ORF) preceded by cotA open reading frame in the MCS1. IPTG induction of CPXpDuet-1 construct in E. coli BL21(DE3) resulted in expression of all three heterologous proteins of ~65 kDa (CotA), ~45 kDa (Pel) and ~25 kDa (Xyl), confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Significant portions of the enzymes were also found in culture supernatant (~16, ~720 and ~370 IU/ml activities of CotA, Pel and Xyl, respectively). Culture media optimization resulted in 2, 3 and 7 fold increased secretion of recombinant CotA, Pel and Xyl, respectively. Bioreactor level optimization of the recombinant cocktail expression resulted in production of 19 g/L dry cell biomass at OD600nm 74 from 1 L induced culture after 15 h of cultivation, from which 9, 627 and 1090 IU/ml secretory enzyme activities of CotA, Xyl and Pel were obtained, respectively. The cocktail was also found to increase the saccharification of orange peel in comparison to the xylanase alone. Thus, simultaneous expression as well as extra cellular secretion of these enzymes as cocktail can reduce the enzyme production cost which increases their applicability specially for exploiting lignocellulosic materials for their conversion to value added products like alcohol and animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kavish Kumar Jain
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kailash N. Bhardwaj
- Uttarakhand State Council of Science and Technology [UCOST], Vigyan Dham, Post Office- Jhajra, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Subhojit Chakraborty
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ramesh Chander Kuhad
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
- Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali Village, Mahendergarh District, Pali, Haryana, 123029, India
- * E-mail:
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Maria G, Crisan M. Evaluation of optimal operation alternatives of reactors used ford-glucose oxidation in a bi-enzymatic system with a complex deactivation kinetics. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Maria
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; University Politehnica of Bucharest; P.O. 35-107, Polizu Str. 1 011061 Bucharest Romania
| | - Mara Crisan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; University Politehnica of Bucharest; P.O. 35-107, Polizu Str. 1 011061 Bucharest Romania
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