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Yang J, Zeng M, Wu H, Han Z, Du ZR, Yu X, Luo W. Light irradiation changes the regulation pattern of BtCrgA on carotenogenesis in Blakeslea trispora. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnae002. [PMID: 38200712 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CrgA has been shown to be a negative regulator of carotenogenesis in some filamentous fungi, while light irradiation is an inducible environmental factor for carotenoid biosynthesis. To clarify the relationship between CrgA and light-inducible carotenogenesis in Blakeslea trispora, the cis-acting elements of the btcrgA promoter region were investigated, followed by the analyses of correlation between the expression of btcrgA and carotenoid structural genes under different irradiation conditions. A variety of cis-acting elements associated with light response was observed in the promoter region of btcrgA, and transcription of btcrgA and carotenoid structural genes under different irradiation conditions was induced by white light with a clear correlation. Then, RNA interference and overexpression of btcrgA were performed to investigate their effects on carotenogenesis at different levels under irradiation and darkness. The analyses of transcription and enzyme activities of carotenoid structural gene, and accumulation of carotenoids among btcrgA-interfered, btcrgA-overexpressed, and wild-type strains under irradiation and darkness indicate that btcrgA negatively regulates the synthesis of carotenoid in darkness, while promotes the carotenogenesis under irradiation regardless of reduced or overexpression of btcrgA .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingxi Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenlin Han
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Zhiyan Rock Du
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Wang YH, Zhang RR, Yin Y, Tan GF, Wang GL, Liu H, Zhuang J, Zhang J, Zhuang FY, Xiong AS. Advances in engineering the production of the natural red pigment lycopene: A systematic review from a biotechnology perspective. J Adv Res 2023; 46:31-47. [PMID: 35753652 PMCID: PMC10105081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycopene is a natural red compound with potent antioxidant activity that can be utilized both as pigment and as a raw material in functional food, and so possesses good commercial prospects. The biosynthetic pathway has already been documented, which provides the foundation for lycopene production using biotechnology. AIM OF REVIEW Although lycopene production has begun to take shape, there is still an urgent need to alleviate the yield of lycopene. Progress in this area can provide useful reference for metabolic engineering of lycopene production utilizing multiple approaches. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Using conventional microbial fermentation approaches, biotechnologists have enhanced the yield of lycopene by selecting suitable host strains, utilizing various additives, and optimizing culture conditions. With the development of modern biotechnology, genetic engineering, protein engineering, and metabolic engineering have been applied for lycopene production. Extraction from natural plants is the main way for lycopene production at present. Based on the molecular mechanism of lycopene accumulation, the production of lycopene by plant bioreactor through genetic engineering has a good prospect. Here we summarized common strategies for optimizing lycopene production engineering from a biotechnology perspective, which are mainly carried out by microbial cultivation. We reviewed the challenges and limitations of this approach, summarized the critical aspects, and provided suggestions with the aim of potential future breakthroughs for lycopene production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China
| | - Guo-Fei Tan
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Guang-Long Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China; Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Fei-Yun Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetable and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Yang Q, Zhao J, Feng L, Wang M. SR5AL serves as a key regulatory gene in lycopene biosynthesis by Blakeslea trispora. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:126. [PMID: 35752808 PMCID: PMC9233402 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trisporic acids are considered to be key regulators of carotenoid biosynthesis and sexual reproduction in zygomycetes, but the mechanisms underlying this regulation have not been fully elucidated. RESULTS In this study, the relationships between trisporic acids and lycopene synthesis were investigated in Blakeslea trispora. The lycopene concentration in single fermentation by the (-) strain with the addition of 24 μg/L trisporic acids was slightly higher than that observed in mated fermentation. After transcriptomic analysis, a steroid 5α-reductase-like gene, known as SR5AL in B. trispora, was first reported. 5α-Reductase inhibitors reduced lycopene biosynthesis and downregulated the expression of sex determination and carotenoid biosynthesis genes. Overexpression of the SR5AL gene upregulated these genes, regardless of whether trisporic acids were added. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that the SR5AL gene is a key gene associated with the response to trisporic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China. .,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Jihong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lingran Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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Liang MH, He YJ, Liu DM, Jiang JG. Regulation of carotenoid degradation and production of apocarotenoids in natural and engineered organisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:513-534. [PMID: 33541157 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1873242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important precursors of a wide range of apocarotenoids with their functions including: hormones, pigments, retinoids, volatiles, and signals, which can be used in the food, flavors, fragrances, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This article focuses on the formation of these multifaceted apocarotenoids and their diverse biological roles in all living systems. Carotenoid degradation pathways include: enzymatic oxidation by specific carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) or nonspecific enzymes such as lipoxygenases and peroxidases and non-enzymatic oxidation by reactive oxygen species. Recent advances in the regulation of carotenoid cleavage genes and the biotechnological production of multiple apocarotenoids are also covered. It is suggested that different developmental stages and environmental stresses can influence both the expression of carotenoid cleavage genes and the formation of apocarotenoids at multiple levels of regulation including: transcriptional, transcription factors, posttranscriptional, posttranslational, and epigenetic modification. Regarding the biotechnological production of apocarotenoids especially: crocins, retinoids, and ionones, enzymatic biocatalysis and metabolically engineered microorganisms have been a promising alternative route. New substrates, carotenoid cleavage enzymes, biosynthetic pathways for apocarotenoids, and new biological functions of apocarotenoids will be discussed with the improvement of our understanding of apocarotenoid biology, biochemistry, function, and formation from different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jing He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Fu J, Yang Q, Feng L. High-throughput screening of lycopene-overproducing mutants of Blakeslea trispora by combining ARTP mutation with microtiter plate cultivation and transcriptional changes revealed by RNA-seq. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Emerging Roles of Carotenoids in the Survival and Adaptations of Microbes. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:125-127. [PMID: 30728643 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids belong to the widespread group of lipophilic tetraterpenoids that play essential roles in plants, microbes, and animals. In photosynthetic microalgae and cyanobacteria, carotenoids are the fundamental components of photosynthesis and protect these organisms from excess radiations, and oxidative stress. Also, polar xanthophyll carotenoids are well known to regulate the biophysical properties of cellular membranes with respect to corresponding changes in temperature. In Zygomycetes fungi, carotenoids-derived trisporoids play crucial roles in early sexual reproduction and mycelial development. Considering these multifaceted roles, carotenoids are widely researched on. In this article, we highlighted the emerging roles of carotenoids in the survival and adaptations of microalgae, bacteria, and fungi under normal as well as extreme environmental conditions.
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Cyclase inhibitor tripropylamine significantly enhanced lycopene accumulation in Blakeslea trispora. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:570-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jing K, He S, Chen T, Lu Y, Ng IS. Enhancing beta-carotene biosynthesis and gene transcriptional regulation in Blakeslea trispora with sodium acetate. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Roukas T. The role of oxidative stress on carotene production by Blakeslea trispora in submerged fermentation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:424-33. [PMID: 25600464 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.989424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In aerobic metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed during the fermentation that can cause oxidative stress in microorganisms. Microbial cells possess both enzymatic and non-enzymatic defensive systems that may protect cells from oxidative damage. The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase are the two key defensive enzymes to oxidative stress. The factors that induce oxidative stress in microorganisms include butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), hydrogen peroxide, metal ions, dissolved oxygen tension, elevated temperature, menadione, junglone, paraquat, liquid paraffin, introduction to bioreactors of shake flask inocula and synthetic medium sterilized at initial pH 11.0. Carotenes are highly unsaturated isoprene derivatives. They are used as antioxidants and as coloring agents for food products. In fungi, carotenes are derived via the mevalonate biosynthesis pathway. The key genes in carotene biosynthesis are hmgR, ipi, isoA, carG, carRA and carB. Among microorganisms, Βlakeslea trispora is the main microorganism used for the production of carotenes on the industrial scale. Currently, the synthetic medium is considered the superior substrate for the production of carotenes in a pilot plant scale. The fermentation systems used for the production of carotenes include shake flasks, stirred tank fermentor, bubble column reactor and flat panel photobioreactor. This review summarizes the oxidative stresses in microorganisms and it is focused on the current status of carotene production by B. trispora including oxidative stress induced by BHT, enhanced dissolved oxygen levels, iron ions, liquid paraffin and synthetic medium sterilized at an initial pH 11.0. The oxidative stress induced by the above factors increases significantly the production of carotenes. However, to further reduce the cost of carotene production, new biotechnological methods with higher productivity still need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Roukas
- a Laboratory of Food Engineering and Processing, Department of Food Science and Technology , Aristotle University , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Wang HB, Luo J, Huang XY, Lu MB, Yu LJ. Oxidative stress response of Blakeslea trispora induced by H2O2 during β-carotene biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:555-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The cellular response of Blakeslea trispora to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in shake flask culture was investigated in this study. A mild oxidative stress was created by adding 40 μm of H2O2 into the medium after 3 days of the fermentation. The production of β-carotene increased nearly 38 % after a 6-day culture. Under the oxidative stress induced by H2O2, the expressions of hmgr, ipi, carG, carRA, and carB involving the β-carotene biosynthetic pathway all increased in 3 h. The aerobic metabolism of glucose remarkably accelerated within 24 h. In addition, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased. These changes of B. trispora were responses for reducing cell injury, and the reasons for increasing β-carotene production caused by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Wang
- grid.33199.31 0000000403687223 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan China
- grid.419897.a 000000040369313X Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Jun Luo
- grid.33199.31 0000000403687223 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan China
- grid.419897.a 000000040369313X Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- grid.33199.31 0000000403687223 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan China
- grid.419897.a 000000040369313X Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Ming-Bo Lu
- grid.33199.31 0000000403687223 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan China
- grid.419897.a 000000040369313X Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Long-Jiang Yu
- grid.33199.31 0000000403687223 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan China
- grid.419897.a 000000040369313X Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education 430074 Wuhan China
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High-quality lycopene overaccumulation via inhibition of γ-carotene and ergosterol biosyntheses in Blakeslea trispora. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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