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Potkule JB, Kahar SP, Kumar M, Annapure US. Impact of non-thermal techniques on enzyme modifications for their applications in food. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133566. [PMID: 38960264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The present review elaborates on the details of the enzyme, its structure, specificity, and the mechanism of action of selected enzymes as well as structural changes and loss or gain of activity after non-thermal treatments for food-based applications. Enzymes are biological catalysts found in various systems such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Most of the enzymes have their optimum pH, temperature, and substrate or group of substrates. The conformational modification of enzymes either increases or decreases the rate of reaction at different pH, and temperature conditions. Enzymes are modified by different techniques to enhance the activity of enzymes for their commercial applications mainly due to the high cost of enzymes, stability, and difficulties that occur during the use of enzymes in different conditions. On the opposite, enzyme inactivation provides its application to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables by denaturation and partial inactivation of enzymes. Hence, the activation and inactivation of enzymes are studied by non-thermal techniques in both the model and the food system. The highly reactive species generated during non-thermal techniques cause chemical and structural modification. The enzyme modifications depend on the type and source of the enzyme, type of technique, and the parameters used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree B Potkule
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Suraj P Kahar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Uday S Annapure
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India; Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, India.
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Veselov MM, Efremova MV, Prusov AN, Klyachko NL. Up- and Down-Regulation of Enzyme Activity in Aggregates with Gold-Covered Magnetic Nanoparticles Triggered by Low-Frequency Magnetic Field. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:411. [PMID: 38470742 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The modern global trend toward sustainable processes that meet the requirements of "green chemistry" provides new opportunities for the broad application of highly active, selective, and specific enzymatic reactions. However, the effective application of enzymes in industrial processes requires the development of systems for the remote regulation of their activity triggered by external physical stimuli, one of which is a low-frequency magnetic field (LFMF). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) transform the energy of an LFMF into mechanical forces and deformations applied to enzyme molecules on the surfaces of MNPs. Here, we demonstrate the up- and down-regulation of two biotechnologically important enzymes, yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) and soybean formate dehydrogenase (FDH), in aggregates with gold-covered magnetic nanoparticles (GCMNPs) triggered by an LFMF. Two types of aggregates, "dimeric" (with the enzyme attached to several GCMNPs simultaneously), with YADH or FDH, and "monomeric" (the enzyme attached to only one GCMNP), with FDH, were synthesized. Depending on the aggregate type ("dimeric" or "monomeric"), LFMF treatment led to a decrease (down-regulation) or an increase (up-regulation) in enzyme activity. For "dimeric" aggregates, we observed 67 ± 9% and 47 ± 7% decreases in enzyme activity under LFMF exposure for YADH and FDH, respectively. Moreover, in the case of YADH, varying the enzyme or the cross-linking agent concentration led to different magnitudes of the LFMF effect, which was more significant at lower enzyme and higher cross-linking agent concentrations. Different responses to LFMF exposure depending on cofactor presence were also demonstrated. This effect might result from a varying cofactor binding efficiency to enzymes. For the "monomeric" aggregates with FDH, the LFMF treatment caused a significant increase in enzyme activity; the magnitude of this effect depended on the cofactor type: we observed up to 40% enzyme up-regulation in the case of NADP+, while almost no effect was observed in the case of NAD+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim M Veselov
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maria V Efremova
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andrey N Prusov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Natalia L Klyachko
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Wang F, Liu Y, Du C, Gao R. Current Strategies for Real-Time Enzyme Activation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050599. [PMID: 35625527 PMCID: PMC9139169 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme activation is a powerful means of achieving biotransformation function, aiming to intensify the reaction processes with a higher yield of product in a short time, and can be exploited for diverse applications. However, conventional activation strategies such as genetic engineering and chemical modification are generally irreversible for enzyme activity, and they also have many limitations, including complex processes and unpredictable results. Recently, near-infrared (NIR), alternating magnetic field (AMF), microwave and ultrasound irradiation, as real-time and precise activation strategies for enzyme analysis, can address many limitations due to their deep penetrability, sustainability, low invasiveness, and sustainability and have been applied in many fields, such as biomedical and industrial applications and chemical synthesis. These spatiotemporal and controllable activation strategies can transfer light, electromagnetic, or ultrasound energy to enzymes, leading to favorable conformational changes and improving the thermal stability, stereoselectivity, and kinetics of enzymes. Furthermore, the different mechanisms of activation strategies have determined the type of applicable enzymes and manipulated protocol designs that either immobilize enzymes on nanomaterials responsive to light or magnetic fields or directly influence enzymatic properties. To employ these effects to finely and efficiently activate enzyme activity, the physicochemical features of nanomaterials and parameters, including the frequency and intensity of activation methods, must be optimized. Therefore, this review offers a comprehensive overview related to emerging technologies for achieving real-time enzyme activation and summarizes their characteristics and advanced applications.
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Yan B, Jiao X, Zhu H, Wang Q, Huang J, Zhao J, Cao H, Zhou W, Zhang W, Ye W, Zhang H, Fan D. Chemical interactions involved in microwave heat-induced surimi gel fortified with fish oil and its formation mechanism. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Intervention on activity and structure of cathepsin L during surimi gel degradation under microwave irradiation. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Li H, Zhang C, Pang C, Li X, Gao X. The Advances in the Special Microwave Effects of the Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions. Front Chem 2020; 8:355. [PMID: 32432084 PMCID: PMC7216099 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present, microwave field has been widely used in chemical processes as an important means of intensification. The heterogeneous catalysts coupling with microwave has been shown to have many advantages, such as high catalytic performance and stability. Our objective is to focus an up-to-date overview concerning the advances in the special microwave effects of the heterogeneous catalytic reactions including special thermal effect, microwave plasma, enhanced active groups, and the flexibility of structure. This review systematically states the action mechanism and some practical application of microwave-induced catalytic process. Finally, the potential research directions in the field of microwave-induced catalysis are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,TJU Binhai Industrial Research Institute Limited Company, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanrui Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Cao H, Jiao X, Fan D, Huang J, Zhao J, Yan B, Zhou W, Zhang W, Ye W, Zhang H. Catalytic effect of transglutaminase mediated by myofibrillar protein crosslinking under microwave irradiation. Food Chem 2019; 284:45-52. [PMID: 30744866 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microwave (MW) heating improved the activity of transglutaminase (TGase) by inducing conformational changes due to structural modification. However, when TGase and myofibrillar protein were heated, the solubility and degree of crosslinking were similar. Further, the gel properties of the mixed solution pre-gelled by MW heating were lower than that obtained with water bath (WB) pre-gelling. We compared the effects on myofibrillar proteins at the same heating rate, our results showed that MW promoted aggregation, as the particle distribution tended toward larger molecular size. The increase of random coil as investigated by circular dichroism (CD) indicated that WB induced the unfolding of myofibrillar protein. MW enhanced intermolecular forces by engendering more disulfide bonds, which hindered the catalysis by TGase. Finally, SDS-PAGE indicated that the myosin molecules had more head crosslinking during MW treatment. MW and WB cause different response behaviors of myofibrillar protein, thereby affecting the catalytic effect of TGase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xidong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Daming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianlian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China; Fujian Anjoyfood Share Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361022, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bowen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China; Fujian Anjoyfood Share Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361022, China
| | - Wenhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China; Fujian Anjoyfood Share Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361022, China
| | - Weijian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China; Fujian Anjoyfood Share Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361022, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Microwave-assisted food processing technologies for enhancing product quality and process efficiency: A review of recent developments. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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A novel technique to improve the biodegradation efficiency of dextranase enzyme using the synergistic effects of ultrasound combined with microwave shock. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mazinani SA, DeLong B, Yan H. Microwave radiation accelerates trypsin-catalyzed peptide hydrolysis at constant bulk temperature. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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