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Shui T, Li A, Chae M, Xu CC, Bressler DC. Valorization strategies for hazardous proteinaceous waste from rendering production - Recent advances in specified risk materials (SRMs) conversion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131339. [PMID: 37058938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strict bans on specific risk materials (SRMs) are in place to prevent the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). SRMs are characterized as tissues in cattle where misfolded proteins, the potential source of BSE infection, are concentrated. As a result of these bans, SRMs must be strictly isolated and disposed of, resulting in great costs for rendering companies. The increasing yield and the landfill of SRMs also exacerbated the burden on the environment. To cope with the emergence of SRMs, novel disposal methods and feasible value-added conversion routes are needed. The focus of this review is on the valorization progress achieved in the conversion of peptides derived from SRMs via an alternative disposal method, thermal hydrolysis. Promising value-added conversion of SRM-derived peptides into tackifiers, wood adhesives, flocculants, and bioplastics, is introduced. The potential conjugation strategies that can be adapted to SRM-derived peptides for desired properties are also critically reviewed. The purpose of this review is to discover a technical platform through which other hazardous proteinaceous waste, SRMs, can be treated as a high-demand feedstock for the production of renewable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Biorefining Conversions and Fermentation Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - An Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Michael Chae
- Biorefining Conversions and Fermentation Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Chunbao Charles Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - David C Bressler
- Biorefining Conversions and Fermentation Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
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2
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Cong H, Lyu H, Liang W, Zhang Z, Chen X. Changes in Myosin from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) under Microwave-Assisted Water Bath Heating on a Multiscale. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081071. [PMID: 35454658 PMCID: PMC9030768 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To further prove the advantages of microwave-assisted water bath heating (MWH) in low-value fish processing, the effects of different heating methods (two heating stage method, high temperature section respectively using MWH1, MWH2, MWH3, WH—water heating, MH—microwave heating) on secondary and tertiary myosin structures, SDS-PAGE, surface morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size distribution were compared and analyzed. The findings revealed that MH and MWH aided in the production of gel formations by promoting myosin aggregation. Myosin from silver carps demonstrated enhanced sulfhydryl group and surface hydrophobicity after MWH treatment, as well as a dense network structure. The distribution of micropores becomes more uniform when the microwave time is increased. Actually, the total effect of microwave time on myosin is not substantially different. The correlation between particle size distribution and protein aggregation was also studied, in terms of time savings, the MWH of short microwave action is preferable since it not only promotes myosin aggregation but also avoids the drawbacks of a rapid warming rate. These discoveries give a theoretical foundation for understanding silver carp myosin under microwave modification, which is critical in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Cong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (W.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (X.C.); Tel.: +86-(0)411-8476-2528 (H.C.); +86-(0)512-6588-2767 (X.C.)
| | - He Lyu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Wenwen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (W.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Huilly Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (W.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (X.C.); Tel.: +86-(0)411-8476-2528 (H.C.); +86-(0)512-6588-2767 (X.C.)
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3
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Sohrabi D, Jazini M, Mobasheri S, Tohidi M, Shariati M. Waste Gastro-intestinal Wall of Sheep as an Alternative Nutrition Source for Cultivation of Dunaliella salina. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1178-1192. [PMID: 34633585 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the production of natural sausage casings, three layers of serosa, muscular, and mucosa are removed from gastro-intestinal wall of sheep as waste materials. The submocusa layer is taken for further processing. There is no report about generating added value out of these wastes. In this study, a novel approach was introduced for bioconversion of waste gastro-intestinal wall (WGW) to a value-added product. Alkaline hydrolysis of WGW was investigated and the hydrolysate was utilized for cultivation of Dunaliella salina, a value-added biomass. The hydrolysate that contained the highest total soluble protein was used for three sets of cultivations on different medium compositions, i.e., (1) cultivations on the modified Johnson's medium enriched with different percentage of hydrolysate (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 (%v/v)), (2) cultivations on modified Johnson's medium which was free of nitrogen and carbon sources and enriched with different percentage of hydrolysate (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 (%v/v), and (3) cultivation on modified Johnson's medium which was free of nitrogen source and enriched with 2.5% hydrolysate. The results showed that WGW contained 60.7, 8.4, 15.8, and 15.2% protein, lipid, moisture, and ash, respectively and the enrichment of the medium with the hydrolysate (2.5%) increased biomass productivity by 20%. Additionally, substitution of 2.5% hydrolysate for nitrogen source (KNO3) resulted in the same biomass productivity. The results of this study revealed the potential of the hydrolysate as an alternative for KNO3 in cultivation of D. salina. Overall, this work proposed a novel approach for converting waste gastro-intestinal wall to value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Sohrabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadhadi Jazini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Saeideh Mobasheri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tohidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansour Shariati
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Yuzik J, Khatri V, Chae M, Mussone P, Bressler DC. Ruminant-Waste Protein Hydrolysates and Their Derivatives as a Bio-Flocculant for Oil Sands Tailing Management. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3533. [PMID: 34685293 PMCID: PMC8538817 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reclamation of tailings ponds is a critical issue for the oil industry. After years of consolidation, the slurry in tailings ponds, also known as fluid fine tailings, is mainly comprised of residual bitumen, water, and fine clay particles. To reclaim the lands that these ponds occupy, separation of the solid particles from the liquid phase is necessary to facilitate water removal and recycling. Traditionally, synthetic polymers have been used as flocculants to facilitate this process, but they can have negative environmental consequences. The use of biological polymers may provide a more environmentally friendly approach to flocculation, and eventual soil remediation, due to their natural biodegradability. Peptides derived from specified risk materials (SRM), a proteinaceous waste stream derived from the rendering industry, were investigated to assess their viability for this application. While these peptides could achieve >50% settling within 3 h in bench-scale settling tests using kaolinite tailings, crosslinking peptides with glutaraldehyde greatly improved their flocculation performance, leading to a >50% settling in only 10 min. Settling experiments using materials obtained through different reactant ratios during crosslinking identified a local optimum molar reactant ratio of 1:32 (peptide amino groups to glutaraldehyde aldehyde groups), resulting in 81.6% settling after 48 h. Taken together, these data highlight the novelty of crosslinking waste-derived peptides with glutaraldehyde to generate a value-added bioflocculant with potential for tailings ponds consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Yuzik
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (J.Y.); (V.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Vinay Khatri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (J.Y.); (V.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Michael Chae
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (J.Y.); (V.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Paolo Mussone
- Applied BioNanotechnology Industrial Research Chair, Industry Solutions, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, 10210 Princess Elizabeth Ave., NW, Edmonton, AB T5G 0Y2, Canada;
| | - David C. Bressler
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (J.Y.); (V.K.); (M.C.)
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5
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Zhu Y, Gong Y, Kaminsky H, Chae M, Mussone P, Bressler DC. Using Specified Risk Materials-Based Peptides for Oil Sands Fluid Fine Tailings Management. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1582. [PMID: 33804998 PMCID: PMC8037322 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluid fine tailings are produced in huge quantities by Canada's mined oil sands industry. Due to the high colloidal stability of the contained fine solids, settling of fluid fine tailings can take hundreds of years, making the entrapped water unavailable and posing challenges to public health and the environment. This study focuses on developing value-added aggregation agents from specified risk materials (SRM), a waste protein stream from slaughterhouse industries, to achieve an improved separation of fluid fine tailings into free water and solids. Settling results using synthetic kaolinite slurries demonstrated that, though not as effective as hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, a commercial flocculant, the use of SRM-derived peptides enabled a 2-3-fold faster initial settling rate than the blank control. The pH of synthetic kaolinite tailings was observed to be slightly reduced with increasing peptides dosage in the test range (10-50 kg/ton). The experiments on diluted fluid fine tailings (as a representation of real oil sands tailings) demonstrated an optimum peptides dosage of 14 kg/ton, which resulted in a 4-fold faster initial settling rate compared to the untreated tailings. Overall, this study demonstrates the novelty and feasibility of using SRM-peptides to address intractable oil sands fluid tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeling Zhu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (Y.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Yuki Gong
- Applied Research Centre for Oil Sands Sustainability, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, 10210 Princess Elizabeth Ave., NW, Edmonton, AB T5G 0Y2, Canada; (Y.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Heather Kaminsky
- Applied Research Centre for Oil Sands Sustainability, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, 10210 Princess Elizabeth Ave., NW, Edmonton, AB T5G 0Y2, Canada; (Y.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Michael Chae
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (Y.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Paolo Mussone
- Applied BioNanotechnology Industrial Research Chair, Industry Solutions, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, 10210 Princess Elizabeth Ave., NW, Edmonton, AB T5G 0Y2, Canada;
| | - David C. Bressler
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (Y.Z.); (M.C.)
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6
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Mekonnen TH, Ah-Leung T, Hojabr S, Berry R. Investigation of the co-coagulation of natural rubber latex and cellulose nanocrystals aqueous dispersion. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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7
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Pelletization of Torrefied Wood Using a Proteinaceous Binder Developed from Hydrolyzed Specified Risk Materials. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressing issues such as a growing energy demand and the need for energy diversification, emission reduction, and environmental protection serve as motivation for the utilization of biomass for production of sustainable fuels. However, use of biomass is currently limited due to its high moisture content, relatively low bulk and energy densities, and variability in shape and size, relative to fossil-based fuels such as coal. In recent years, a combination of thermochemical treatment (torrefaction) of biomass and subsequent pelletization has resulted in a renewable fuel that can potentially substitute for coal. However, production of torrefied wood pellets that satisfy fuel quality standards and other logistical requirements typically requires the use of an external binder. Here, we describe the development of a renewable binder from proteinaceous material recovered from specified risk materials (SRM), a negative-value byproduct from the rendering industry. Our binder was developed by co-reacting peptides recovered from hydrolyzed SRM with a polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin, and then assessed through pelleting trials with a bench-scale continuous operating pelletizer. Torrefied wood pellets generated using peptides-PAE binder at 3% binder level satisfied ISO requirements for durability, higher heating value, and bulk density for TW2a type thermally-treated wood pellets. This proof-of-concept work demonstrates the potential of using an SRM-derived binder to improve the durability of torrefied wood pellets.
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8
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van Raamsdonk LWD, Prins TW, Meijer N, Scholtens IMJ, Bremer MGEG, de Jong J. Bridging legal requirements and analytical methods: a review of monitoring opportunities of animal proteins in feed. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:46-73. [PMID: 30608892 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1543956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Availability and safety of food ranks among the basic requirements for human beings. The importance of the food producing sector, inclusive of feed manufacturing, demands a high level of regulation and control. This paper will present and discuss the relationships in the triangle of legislation, the background of hazards with a biological nature, and opportunities for monitoring methods, most notable for prion-based diseases as primary issue. The European Union legislation for prevention of prion-based diseases since 2000 is presented and discussed. The definitions and circumscriptions of groups of species will be analysed in the view biological classification and evolutionary relationships. The state of the art of monitoring methods is presented and discussed. Methods based on visual markers (microscopy), DNA-based methods (PCR), protein-based methods (ELISA, mass spectroscopy, proteomics), near infrared oriented methods and combinations thereof are being evaluated. It is argued that the use in legislation of non-homogeneous groups of species in a biological sense will hamper the optimal design of monitoring methods. Proper definitions are considered to act as bridges between legal demands and suitable analytical methods for effective monitoring. Definitions including specified groups of species instead of single species are more effective for monitoring in a range of cases. Besides the desire of precise circumscription of animal groups targeted by legislation, processed products need well defined definitions as well. Most notable examples are blood versus blood products, and hydrolysis of several types of material. The WISE principle for harmonising the design of legislation and of analytical methods is discussed. This principle includes the elements Witful (reasonable legal principles), Indicative (clear limits between prohibition and authorisation), Societal demands (public health, environment, economy), and Enforceable (presence of suited monitoring methods) in order to promote a balanced effort for reaching the desired level of safety in the food production chain.
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9
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Yu X, Sreenivasan S, Tian K, Zheng T, Lawrence JG, Pilla S. Sustainable Animal Protein-Intermeshed Epoxy Hybrid Polymers: From Conquering Challenges to Engineering Properties. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14361-14370. [PMID: 31458124 PMCID: PMC6644357 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of highly modifiable chemical functional groups, abundance of functional groups, and their biological origin make proteins an important class of biomaterials from a fundamental science and applied engineering perspective. Hence, the utilization of proteins from the animal rendering industry (animal protein, AP) for high-value, nonfeed, and nonfertilizer applications is intensely pursued. Although this leads to the exploration of protein-derived plastics as a plausible alternative, the proposed methods are energy-intensive and not based on protein in its native form, which leads to high processing and production costs. Here, we propose, for the first time, novel pathways to develop engineered hybrid systems utilizing AP in its native form and epoxy resins with mechanical properties ranging from toughened thermosets to elastic epoxy-based systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability to engineer the properties of epoxy-AP hybrids from high-strength hybrids to elastic films through controlling the interaction, hydrophilicity, as well as the extent of cross-linking and network density. Through the facile introduction of cochemicals, a sevenfold increase in the mechanical properties of the conventional epoxy-AP hybrid is achieved. Similarly, because of better compatibility afforded by the similar hydrophilicity, AP demonstrated higher cross-linking capability with a water-soluble epoxy (WEP) matrix, resulting in an elastic WEP-AP hybrid without any external aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yu
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, 4 Research Dr, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
| | - Sreeprasad Sreenivasan
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, 4 Research Dr, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Polymer
Institute, The University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Kevin Tian
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, 4 Research Dr, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Southside
High School, Greenville, SC 29605, United
States
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, 4 Research Dr, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
| | - Joseph G. Lawrence
- Polymer
Institute, The University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Srikanth Pilla
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, 4 Research Dr, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson
University, Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
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10
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Adhikari BB, Chae M, Bressler DC. Utilization of Slaughterhouse Waste in Value-Added Applications: Recent Advances in the Development of Wood Adhesives. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E176. [PMID: 30966212 PMCID: PMC6415179 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, slaughterhouses generate large volumes of animal byproducts. While these byproducts are an important resource of industrial protein that could potentially be utilized in various value-added applications, they are currently either underutilized in high-value applications or being used for production of relatively low-value products such as animal feed and pet food. Furthermore, some of the byproducts of animal slaughtering cannot enter food and feed chains and thus their disposal possesses a serious environmental concern. An innovative utilization of the proteinaceous waste generated by slaughterhouses comprises of waste processing to extract proteins, which are then incorporated into industrial processes to produce value-added bio-based products. In this report, we review the current processes for extraction of protein from proteinaceous waste of slaughterhouses, and utilization of the recovered protein in the development of protein-based wood adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra B Adhikari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Michael Chae
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - David C Bressler
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
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11
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Adhikari BB, Kislitsin V, Appadu P, Chae M, Choi P, Bressler DC. Development of hydrolysed protein-based plywood adhesive from slaughterhouse waste: effect of chemical modification of hydrolysed protein on moisture resistance of formulated adhesives. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2996-3008. [PMID: 35541209 PMCID: PMC9077546 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09952e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Specified risk materials (SRM) constitute the proteinaceous waste of slaughterhouses and are currently being disposed off either by incineration or by land filling. Over the last few years, our efforts have focused on developing technology platforms for deployment of this renewable resource for various value-added industrial applications. This report describes a technology for utilization of SRM for the development of an environmentally friendly plywood adhesive with an improved water resistance property. The feedstock (SRM) was first thermally hydrolysed according to a standard protocol, and the hydrolysed protein fragments (peptides) were recovered from the hydrolysate. The recovered peptides were chemically modified through esterification reaction using ethanol, and then chemically crosslinked with polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin to develop a wood adhesive system. Plywood specimens were then developed using the peptides-PAE resin-based adhesive. The effects of crosslinking time, solid content of the adhesive formulation, ratio of peptides and crosslinking agent in the formulation, and curing conditions of specimen preparation on lap shear strength of resulting plywood specimens were systematically evaluated. Despite the hydrophilic nature of hydrolysed protein fragments, the peptides-PAE resin formulations exhibited remarkable water resistance property after curing. Capping of polar carboxyl groups of peptides by converting them to esters further improved the water resistance property of this adhesive system. Under the optimum conditions of adhesive preparation and curing, the ethyl ester derivative of peptides and PAE resin-based formulations resulted in plywood specimens having comparable dry as well as soaked shear strengths to those of commercial phenol formaldehyde resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra B Adhikari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada +1-780-492-4265 +1-780-492-4986
| | - Vadim Kislitsin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Pooran Appadu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada +1-780-492-4265 +1-780-492-4986
| | - Michael Chae
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada +1-780-492-4265 +1-780-492-4986
| | - Phillip Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - David C Bressler
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada +1-780-492-4265 +1-780-492-4986
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12
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Enhancing the Adhesive Strength of a Plywood Adhesive Developed from Hydrolyzed Specified Risk Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8080285. [PMID: 30974564 PMCID: PMC6432656 DOI: 10.3390/polym8080285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current production of wood composites relies mostly on formaldehyde-based adhesives such as urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins. As these resins are produced from non-renewable resources, and there are some ongoing issues with possible health hazard due to formaldehyde emission from such products, the purpose of this research was to develop a formaldehyde-free plywood adhesive utilizing waste protein as a renewable feedstock. The feedstock for this work was specified risk material (SRM), which is currently being disposed of either by incineration or by landfilling. In this report, we describe a technology for utilization of SRM for the development of an environmentally friendly plywood adhesive. SRM was thermally hydrolyzed using a Canadian government-approved protocol, and the peptides were recovered from the hydrolyzate. The recovered peptides were chemically crosslinked with polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin to develop an adhesive system for bonding of plywood specimens. The effects of crosslinking time, peptides/crosslinking agent ratio, and temperature of hot pressing of plywood specimens on the strength of formulated adhesives were investigated. Formulations containing as much as 78% (wt/wt) peptides met the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) specifications of minimum dry and soaked shear strength requirement for UF resin type adhesives. Under the optimum conditions tested, the peptides–PAE resin-based formulations resulted in plywood specimens having comparable dry as well as soaked shear strength to that of commercial PF resin.
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13
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Mekonnen T, Mussone P, Bressler D. Valorization of rendering industry wastes and co-products for industrial chemicals, materials and energy: review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:120-31. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.928812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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El-Thaher N, Mekonnen T, Mussone P, Bressler D, Choi P. Nonisothermal DSC Study of Epoxy Resins Cured with Hydrolyzed Specified Risk Material. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400803d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayef El-Thaher
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Tizazu Mekonnen
- Biorefining Conversions and
Fermentations Laboratory, Department of Agricultural,
Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Paolo Mussone
- Biorefining Conversions and
Fermentations Laboratory, Department of Agricultural,
Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - David Bressler
- Biorefining Conversions and
Fermentations Laboratory, Department of Agricultural,
Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Phillip Choi
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
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El-Thaher N, Mekonnen T, Mussone P, Bressler D, Choi P. Effects of Electrolytes, Water, and Temperature on Cross-Linking of Glutaraldehyde and Hydrolyzed Specified Risk Material. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayef El-Thaher
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
- Biorefining Conversions and Fermentations Laboratory, ‡Department of Agricultural, Food
and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Tizazu Mekonnen
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
- Biorefining Conversions and Fermentations Laboratory, ‡Department of Agricultural, Food
and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Paolo Mussone
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
- Biorefining Conversions and Fermentations Laboratory, ‡Department of Agricultural, Food
and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - David Bressler
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
- Biorefining Conversions and Fermentations Laboratory, ‡Department of Agricultural, Food
and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Phillip Choi
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
- Biorefining Conversions and Fermentations Laboratory, ‡Department of Agricultural, Food
and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| |
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