1
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Ito T, Lutz H, Tan L, Wang B, Tan J, Patel M, Chen L, Tsunakawa Y, Park B, Banerjee S. Host cell proteins in monoclonal antibody processing: Control, detection, and removal. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3448. [PMID: 38477405 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities in a therapeutic protein expressed using cell culture technology. This review presents biopharmaceutical industry trends in terms of both HCPs in the bioprocessing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the capabilities for HCP clearance by downstream unit operations. A comprehensive assessment of currently implemented and emerging technologies in the manufacturing processes with extensive references was performed. Meta-analyses of published downstream data were conducted to identify trends. Improved analytical methods and understanding of "high-risk" HCPs lead to more robust manufacturing processes and higher-quality therapeutics. The trend of higher cell density cultures leads to both higher mAb expression and higher HCP levels. However, HCP levels can be significantly reduced with improvements in operations, resulting in similar concentrations of approx. 10 ppm HCPs. There are no differences in the performance of HCP clearance between recent enhanced downstream operations and traditional batch processing. This review includes best practices for developing improved processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ito
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Herb Lutz
- Independent Consultant, Sudbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lihan Tan
- Life Science Services, Sigma-Aldrich Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Wang
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Chemicals (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany), Shanghai, China
| | - Janice Tan
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Pte Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Singapore
| | - Masum Patel
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Bangalore, India
| | - Lance Chen
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Pte Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Singapore
| | - Yuki Tsunakawa
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Byunghyun Park
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subhasis Banerjee
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Bangalore, India
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2
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Asfiya R, McCully G, Paramanantham A, Das S, Srivastava A. Combinatorial effect of calcium chloride and polyethylene glycol on efficient isolation of small extracellular vesicles. Analyst 2024; 149:1709-1718. [PMID: 38410062 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cargo-carrying cellular nano-vesicles that have been explored for developing organic drug delivery modalities (DVM), an alternative to synthetic liposomes. However, scaled-up production of sEVs is a notable challenge in bringing sEV-based DVMs from the bench to the clinic. Ultracentrifugation is the most accepted isolation approach, but the cumbersome logistical issues and aftereffects of intense 'g' force hinder their applicability. In this study, we developed a new amenable isolation strategy for sEVs using a combinatorial treatment of calcium chloride and polyethylene glycol (PEG). An equivalent volume of cell culture medium from growing lung cancer A549 and H1299 cells was incubated overnight at 4 °C with different formulations (0.1 M CaCl2, 8% PEG, 12% PEG, 0.1 M CaCl2 + 8% PEG, and 0.1 M CaCl2 + 12% PEG) and centrifuged at 4000g to purify the precipitated sEVs as a pellet. Next, the extra CaCl2 was chelated out and the buffer was exchanged with PBS. The sEV number and protein content were assessed using the NTA (nanoparticle tracking analysis) and the BCA assay, respectively. Finally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to visualize the sEVs. The data from the present study demonstrated that the combination of 8% PEG and 0.1 M CaCl2 produced comparable numbers of sEVs with the ultracentrifugation technique. The sEV characteristics and structural integrity also remained intact, as evident from the TEM images and western blot assay. Thus, here we report an efficient technique for sEV isolation that can be easily scaled up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Asfiya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Grace McCully
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Anjugam Paramanantham
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Siddharth Das
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Centre, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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3
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Rajoub N, Gerard CJJ, Pantuso E, Fontananova E, Caliandro R, Belviso BD, Curcio E, Nicoletta FP, Pullen J, Chen W, Heng JYY, Ruane S, Liddell J, Alvey N, Ter Horst JH, Di Profio G. A workflow for the development of template-assisted membrane crystallization downstream processing for monoclonal antibody purification. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2998-3049. [PMID: 37697106 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly used biologic drugs for the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, COVID-19 and various cancers. They are produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines and are purified via a number of complex and expensive chromatography-based steps, operated in batch mode, that rely heavily on protein A resin. The major drawback of conventional procedures is the high cost of the adsorption media and the extensive use of chemicals for the regeneration of the chromatographic columns, with an environmental cost. We have shown that conventional protein A chromatography can be replaced with a single crystallization step and gram-scale production can be achieved in continuous flow using the template-assisted membrane crystallization process. The templates are embedded in a membrane (e.g., porous polyvinylidene fluoride with a layer of polymerized polyvinyl alcohol) and serve as nucleants for crystallization. mAbs are flexible proteins that are difficult to crystallize, so it can be challenging to determine the optimal conditions for crystallization. The objective of this protocol is to establish a systematic and flexible approach for the design of a robust, economic and sustainable mAb purification platform to replace at least the protein A affinity stage in traditional chromatography-based purification platforms. The procedure provides details on how to establish the optimal parameters for separation (crystallization conditions, choice of templates, choice of membrane) and advice on analytical and characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazer Rajoub
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charline J J Gerard
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elvira Pantuso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy
| | - Enrica Fontananova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy
| | - Rocco Caliandro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia (IC), Bari, Italy
| | - Benny D Belviso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia (IC), Bari, Italy
| | - Efrem Curcio
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Fiore P Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Rende, Italy
| | - James Pullen
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Billingham, UK
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sean Ruane
- Center for Process Innovation (CPI), Darlington, UK
| | - John Liddell
- Center for Process Innovation (CPI), Darlington, UK
| | | | - Joop H Ter Horst
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gianluca Di Profio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy.
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4
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Li Z, Chen J, Martinez-Fonts K, Rauscher M, Rivera S, Welsh J, Kandula S. Cationic polymer precipitation for enhanced impurity removal in downstream processing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37148495 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation can be used for the removal of impurities early in the downstream purification process of biologics, with the soluble product remaining in the filtrate through microfiltration. The objective of this study was to examine the use of polyallylamine (PAA) precipitation to increase the purity of product via higher host cell protein removal to enhance polysorbate excipient stability to enable a longer shelf life. Experiments were performed using three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with different properties of isoelectric point and IgG subclass. High throughput workflows were established to quickly screen precipitation conditions as a function of pH, conductivity and PAA concentrations. Process analytical tools (PATs) were used to evaluate the size distribution of particles and inform the optimal precipitation condition. Minimal pressure increase was observed during depth filtration of the precipitates. The precipitation was scaled up to 20L size and the extensive characterization of precipitated samples after protein A chromatography showed >75% reduction of host cell protein (HCP) concentrations (by ELISA), >90% reduction of number of HCP species (by mass spectrometry), and >99.8% reduction of DNA. The stability of polysorbate containing formulation buffers for all three mAbs in the protein A purified intermediates was improved at least 25% after PAA precipitation. Mass spectrometry was used to obtain additional understanding of the interaction between PAA and HCPs with different properties. Minimal impact on product quality and <5% yield loss after precipitation were observed while the residual PAA was <9 ppm. These results expand the toolbox in downstream purification to solve HCP clearance issues for programs with purification challenges, while also providing important insights into the integration of precipitation-depth filtration and the current platform process for the purification of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Biologics Process Development, Biologics Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Justin Chen
- Biologics Process Development, Biologics Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kirby Martinez-Fonts
- Biologics Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Rauscher
- Biologics Process Development, Biologics Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shannon Rivera
- Analytical Research and Development Mass Spectrometry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Welsh
- Biologics Process Development, Biologics Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sunitha Kandula
- Biologics Process Development, Biologics Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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5
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Pons Royo MDC, De Santis T, Komuczki D, Satzer P, Jungbauer A. Continuous precipitation of antibodies by feeding of solid polyethylene glycol. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Minervini M, Zydney AL. Effect of module geometry on the sustainable flux during microfiltration of precipitated IgG. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Pons Royo MDC, Beulay JL, Valery E, Jungbauer A, Satzer P. Mode and dosage time in polyethylene glycol precipitation process influences protein precipitate size and filterability. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Li M, Reichert P, Narasimhan C, Sorman B, Xu W, Cote A, Su Y. Investigating Crystalline Protein Suspension Formulations of Pembrolizumab from MAS NMR Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:936-952. [PMID: 35107019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Developing biological formulations to maintain the chemical and structural integrity of therapeutic antibodies remains a significant challenge. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) crystalline suspension formulation is a promising alternative for high concentration subcutaneous drug delivery. It demonstrates many merits compared to the solution formulation to reach a high concentration at the reduced viscosity and enhanced stability. One main challenge in drug development is the lack of high-resolution characterization of the crystallinity and stability of mAb microcrystals in the native formulations. Conventional analytical techniques often cannot evaluate structural details of mAb microcrystals in the native suspension due to the presence of visible particles, relatively small crystal size, high protein concentration, and multicomponent nature of a liquid formulation. This study demonstrates the first high-resolution characterization of mAb microcrystalline suspension using magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Crystalline suspension formulation of pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, U.S.) is utilized as a model system. Remarkably narrow 13C spectral linewidth of approximately 29 Hz suggests a high order of crystallinity and conformational homogeneity of pembrolizumab crystals. The impact of thermal stress and dehydration on the structure, dynamics, and stability of these mAb crystals in the formulation environment is evaluated. Moreover, isotopic labeling and heteronuclear 13C and 15N spectroscopies have been utilized to identify the binding of caffeine in the pembrolizumab crystal lattice, providing molecular insights into the cocrystallization of the protein and ligand. Our study provides valuable structural details for facilitating the design of crystalline suspension formulation of Keytruda and demonstrates the high potential of MAS NMR as an advanced tool for biophysical characterization of biological therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Paul Reichert
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Bradley Sorman
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Aaron Cote
- Biologics Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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9
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Pons Royo MDC, Beulay JL, Valery E, Jungbauer A, Satzer P. Design of millidevices to expedite apparent solubility measurements. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A fast, automated and accurate millidevice for determination of the apparent solubility of proteins and impurities and different industrially relevant precipitating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Carme Pons Royo
- Department of Innovation, Novasep, 81 Boulevard de la Moselle, 54340 Pompey, France
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Luc Beulay
- Department of Innovation, Novasep, 81 Boulevard de la Moselle, 54340 Pompey, France
| | - Eric Valery
- Department of Innovation, Novasep, 81 Boulevard de la Moselle, 54340 Pompey, France
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Satzer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Li Z, Chen TH, Andini E, Coffman JL, Przybycien T, Zydney AL. Enhanced filtration performance using feed-and-bleed configuration for purification of antibody precipitates. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3082. [PMID: 32940015 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Precipitation can be used for the initial purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), with the soluble host cell proteins removed in the permeate by tangential flow microfiltration. The objective of this study was to examine the use of a feed-and-bleed configuration to increase the effective conversion (ratio of permeate to feed flow rates) in the hollow fiber module to enable more effective washing of the precipitate. Experiments were performed using human serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) precipitates formed with 10 mM zinc chloride and 7 wt% polyethylene glycol. The critical flux was evaluated as a function of the shear rate and IgG concentration, with the resulting correlation used to predict conditions that can achieve 90% conversion in a single pass with minimal fouling. Experimental data for both the start-up and steady-state performance are in good agreement with model calculations. These results were used to analyze the performance of an enhanced continuous precipitation-microfiltration process using the feed-and-bleed configuration for the initial capture / purification of a mAb product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ting-Hsi Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erha Andini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan L Coffman
- BioProcess Technologies and Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd Przybycien
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Dutra G, Komuczki D, Jungbauer A, Satzer P. Continuous capture of recombinant antibodies by ZnCl 2 precipitation without polyethylene glycol. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:265-274. [PMID: 32647505 PMCID: PMC7336134 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The capture of recombinant antibodies from cell culture broth is the first critical step of downstream processing. We were able to develop a precipitation-based method for the capture and purification of monoclonal antibodies based on divalent cations, namely ZnCl2. Traditional precipitation processes have to deal with high dilution factors especially for resolubilization and higher viscosity due to the use of PEG as precipitation or co-precipitation agent. By the use of the crosslinking nature of divalent cations without the use of PEG, we kept viscosity from the supernatant and resolubilization dilution factors very low. This is especially beneficial for the solid-liquid separation for the harvest and wash of the precipitate in continuous mode. For this harvest and wash, we used tangential flow filtration that benefits a lot from low viscosity solutions, which minimizes the membrane fouling. With this precipitation based on ZnCl2, we were able to implement a very lean and efficient process. We demonstrated precipitation studies with three different antibodies, Adalimumab, Trastuzumab, and Denosumab, and a continuous capture case study using tangential flow filtration for precipitate recovery. In this study, we achieved yields of 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Dutra
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Daniel Komuczki
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB)ViennaAustria
| | - Peter Satzer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB)ViennaAustria
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12
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Santos RD, Iria I, Manuel AM, Leandro AP, Madeira CAC, Goncalves J, Carvalho AL, Roque ACA. Magnetic Precipitation: A New Platform for Protein Purification. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000151. [PMID: 32578939 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the trends in downstream processing comprises the use of "anything-but-chromatography" methods to overcome the current downfalls of standard packed-bed chromatography. Precipitation and magnetic separation are two techniques already proven to accomplish protein purification from complex media, yet never used in synergy. With the aim to capture antibodies directly from crude extracts, a new approach combining precipitation and magnetic separation is developed and named as affinity magnetic precipitation. A precipitation screening, based on the Hofmeister series, and a commercial precipitation kit are tested with affinity magnetic particles to assess the best condition for antibody capture from human serum plasma and clarified cell supernatant. The best conditions are obtained when using PEG3350 as precipitant at 4 °C for 1 h, reaching 80% purity and 50% recovery of polyclonal antibodies from plasma, and 99% purity with 97% recovery yield of anti-TNFα mAb from cell supernatants. These results show that the synergetic use of precipitation and magnetic separation can represent an alternative for the efficient capture of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Dos Santos
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Inês Iria
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ana M Manuel
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ana P Leandro
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Catarina A C Madeira
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Joao Goncalves
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília A Roque
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
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13
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Satzer P, Burgstaller D, Krepper W, Jungbauer A. Fractal dimension of antibody-PEG precipitate: Light microscopy for the reconstruction of 3D precipitate structures. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:67-78. [PMID: 32874171 PMCID: PMC7447892 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein and in particular antibody precipitation by PEG is a cost-effective alternative for the first capture step. The 3D structure of precipitates has a large impact on the process parameters for the recovery and dissolution, but current technologies for determination of precipitate structures are either very time consuming (cryo-TEM) or only generate an average fractal dimension (light scattering). We developed a light microscopy based reconstruction of 3D structures of individual particles with a resolution of 0.1-0.2 µm and used this method to characterize particle populations generated by batch as well as continuous precipitation in different shear stress environments. The resulting precipitate structures show a broad distribution in terms of fractal dimension. While the average fractal dimension is significantly different for batch and continuous precipitation, the distribution is broad and samples overlap significantly. The precipitate flocs were monofractal from micro- to nanoscale showing a random but consistent nature of precipitate formation. We showed that the fractal dimension and 3D reconstruction is a valuable tool for characterization of protein precipitate processes. The current switch from batch to continuous manufacturing has to take the 3D structure and population of different protein precipitates into account in their design, engineering, and scale up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Satzer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Daniel Burgstaller
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Walpurga Krepper
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
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14
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Lim DG, Lee JC, Kim DJ, Kim SJ, Yu HW, Jeong SH. Effects of precipitation process on the biophysical properties of highly concentrated proteins. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Krepper W, Burgstaller D, Jungbauer A, Satzer P. Mid-manufacturing storage: Antibody stability after chromatography and precipitation based capture steps. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2928. [PMID: 31622530 PMCID: PMC7187330 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies of the IgG2 subclass were captured from the clarified cell culture fluid either by protein A chromatography or by polyethylene glycol precipitation. The captured intermediates were stored as neutralized eluates (protein A chromatography) or in solid form as polyethylene glycol precipitates over a period of 13 months at three temperatures, −20°C, 5°C, and room temperature to compare the capture technologies in regard of the resulting product storability. Monomer content, high molecular mass impurities product loss and changes in the composition of the charge variants were determined at six time points during the storage. At the beginning and end of the study, samples were additionally tested by differential scanning calorimetry, differential scanning fluorimetry, and circular dichroism to determine structural alterations occurring during storage. Protein A purified material was highly stable at all tested temperatures in regard of monomer content and product losses. A transient, acidic isoform was formed during the chromatography step which re‐converted to the main charged variant upon storage within a matter of days. Precipitated antibodies could be stored at −20 or 5°C for 3 months without product losses but afterwards recovery yields dropped to 65%. At room temperature, the precipitated antibody was not stable and degraded within 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walpurga Krepper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Burgstaller
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Satzer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Li Y, Stern D, Lock LL, Mills J, Ou SH, Morrow M, Xu X, Ghose S, Li ZJ, Cui H. Emerging biomaterials for downstream manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:73-90. [PMID: 30862553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Downstream processing is considered one of the most challenging phases of industrial manufacturing of therapeutic proteins, accounting for a large portion of the total production costs. The growing demand for therapeutic proteins in the biopharmaceutical market in addition to a significant rise in upstream titers have placed an increasing burden on the downstream purification process, which is often limited by high cost and insufficient capacities. To achieve efficient production and reduced costs, a variety of biomaterials have been exploited to improve the current techniques and also to develop superior alternatives. In this work, we discuss the significance of utilizing traditional biomaterials in downstream processing and review the recent progress in the development of new biomaterials for use in protein separation and purification. Several representative methods will be highlighted and discussed in detail, including affinity chromatography, non-affinity chromatography, membrane separations, magnetic separations, and precipitation/phase separations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nowadays, downstream processing of therapeutic proteins is facing great challenges created by the rapid increase of the market size and upstream titers, starving for significant improvements or innovations in current downstream unit operations. Biomaterials have been widely used in downstream manufacturing of proteins and efforts have been continuously devoted to developing more advanced biomaterials for the implementation of more efficient and economical purification methods. This review covers recent advances in the development and application of biomaterials specifically exploited for various chromatographic and non-chromatographic techniques, highlighting several promising alternative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - David Stern
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Lye Lin Lock
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Jason Mills
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Shih-Hao Ou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Marina Morrow
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States.
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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17
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Li Z, Gu Q, Coffman JL, Przybycien T, Zydney AL. Continuous precipitation for monoclonal antibody capture using countercurrent washing by microfiltration. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2886. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | | | - Todd Przybycien
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemical & Biological EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania
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18
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Großhans S, Suhm S, Hubbuch J. Precipitation of complex antibody solutions: influence of contaminant composition and cell culture medium on the precipitation behavior. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1039-1051. [PMID: 30887102 PMCID: PMC6527789 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preparative protein precipitation is known as a cost-efficient and easy-to-use alternative to chromatographic purification steps. This said, at the moment, there is no process for monoclonal antibodies (mAb) on the market, although especially polyethylene glycol-induced precipitation has shown great potential. One reason might be the highly complex behavior of each component of a crude feedstock during the precipitation process. For different investigated mAbs, significant variations in the host cell protein (HCP) reduction are observed. In contrast to the precipitation behavior of single components, the interactions and interplay in a complex feedstock are not fully understood yet. This work discusses the influence of contaminants on the precipitation behavior of two different mAbs, an IgG1, and an IgG2. By spiking the mAbs with mock solution, a complex feedstock could successfully be mimicked. Spiking contaminants influenced the yield and purity of the mAbs after the precipitation step, compared to the precipitation behavior of the single components. The mixture showed a decrease in the contaminant and mAb solubility. By re-buffering the mock solution prior to spiking, special salts, small molecules like amino acids, vitamins, or sugars could be depleted while larger ones like HCP or DNA were still present. Therefore, it was possible to distinguish the influence of small molecules and larger ones. Hence, mAb-macromolecular interaction could be identified as a possible reason for the observed higher precipitation propensity, while small molecules of the cell culture medium were identified as solubilisation factors during the precipitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Großhans
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanna Suhm
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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19
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Patil R, Walther J. Continuous Manufacturing of Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins: Upstream and Downstream Technologies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:277-322. [PMID: 28265699 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous biomanufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins offers several potential advantages over conventional batch processing, including reduced cost of goods, more flexible and responsive manufacturing facilities, and improved and consistent product quality. Although continuous approaches to various upstream and downstream unit operations have been considered and studied for decades, in recent years interest and application have accelerated. Researchers have achieved increasingly higher levels of process intensification, and have also begun to integrate different continuous unit operations into larger, holistically continuous processes. This review first discusses approaches for continuous cell culture, with a focus on perfusion-enabling cell separation technologies including gravitational, centrifugal, and acoustic settling, as well as filtration-based techniques. We follow with a review of various continuous downstream unit operations, covering categories such as clarification, chromatography, formulation, and viral inactivation and filtration. The review ends by summarizing case studies of integrated and continuous processing as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Patil
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Jason Walther
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
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20
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Großhans S, Wang G, Hubbuch J. Water on hydrophobic surfaces: mechanistic modeling of polyethylene glycol-induced protein precipitation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:513-520. [PMID: 30535587 PMCID: PMC6430756 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For the purification of biopharmaceutical proteins, liquid chromatography is still the gold standard. Especially with increasing product titers, drawbacks like slow volumetric throughput and high resin costs lead to an intensifying need for alternative technologies. Selective preparative protein precipitation is one promising alternative technique. Although the capability has been proven, there has been no precipitation process realized for large-scale monoclonal antibody (mAb) production yet. One reason might be that the mechanism behind protein phase behavior is not completely understood and the precipitation process development is still empirical. Mechanistic modeling can be a means for faster, material-saving process development and a better process understanding at the same time. In preparative chromatography, mechanistic modeling was successfully shown for a variety of applications. Lately, a new isotherm for hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) under consideration of water molecules as participants was proposed, enabling an accurate description of HIC. In this work, based on similarities between protein precipitation and HIC, a new precipitation model was derived. In the proposed model, the formation of protein-protein interfaces is thought to be driven by hydrophobic effects, involving a reorganization of the well-ordered water structure on the hydrophobic surfaces of the protein-protein complex. To demonstrate model capability, high-throughput precipitation experiments with pure or prior to the experiments purified proteins lysozyme, myoglobin, bovine serum albumin, and one mAb were conducted at various pH values. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was used as precipitant. The precipitant concentration as well as the initial protein concentration was varied systematically. For all investigated proteins, the initial protein concentrations were varied between 1.5 mg/mL and 12 mg/mL. The calibrated models were successfully validated with experimental data. This mechanistic description of protein precipitation process offers mathematical explanation of the precipitation behavior of proteins at PEG concentration, protein concentration, protein size, and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Großhans
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gang Wang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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21
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Burgstaller D, Jungbauer A, Satzer P. Continuous integrated antibody precipitation with two-stage tangential flow microfiltration enables constant mass flow. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1053-1065. [PMID: 30636284 PMCID: PMC6667901 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Continuous precipitation is a new unit operation for the continuous capture of antibodies. The capture step is based on continuous precipitation with PEG6000 and Zn++ in a tubular reactor integrated with a two‐stage continuous tangential flow filtration unit. The precipitate cannot be separated with centrifugation, because a highly compressed sediment results in poor resolubilization. We developed a new two‐stage tangential flow microfiltration method, where part of the concentrated retentate of the first stage was directly fed to the second stage, together with the wash buffer. Thus, the precipitate was concentrated and washed in a continuous process. We obtained 97% antibody purity, a 95% process yield during continuous operation, and a fivefold reduction in pre‐existing high‐molecular‐weight impurities. For other unit operations, surge tanks are often required, due to interruptions in the product mass flow out of the unit operation (e.g., the bind/elute mode in periodic counter‐current chromatography). Our setup required no surge tanks; thus, it provided a truly continuous antibody capture operation with uninterrupted product mass flow. Continuous virus inactivation and other flow‐through unit operations can be readily integrated downstream of the capture step to create truly continuous, integrated, downstream antibody processing without the need for hold tanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Burgstaller
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Satzer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Martinez M, Spitali M, Norrant EL, Bracewell DG. Precipitation as an Enabling Technology for the Intensification of Biopharmaceutical Manufacture. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:237-241. [PMID: 30316558 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Advances in precipitation have demonstrated the capability of purifying therapeutic proteins such as antibodies from biological sources in a scalable and cost-effective manner. We discuss the latest developments in the unit operation for downstream processing applications and provide a perspective on exploring precipitation for bioprocess intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martinez
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel G Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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23
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Wang N, Xu Q, Liu Y, Jin Y, Harlina PW, Ma M. Highly efficient extraction and purification of low-density lipoprotein from hen egg yolk. Poult Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534219 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from hen egg yolk has high nutritional value and plays an important role in the fields of biology, medicine, and materials. To develop fundamental research about LDL, a highly efficient extraction method is necessary. We found that 30% saturated ammonium sulfate can extract more crude LDL than 40% saturation. We selected polyethylene glycol (PEG; nonionic type) to obtain crude LDL. Three factors were employed, namely, degree of polymerization, concentration of PEG, and pH of egg yolk plasma. The optimized condition was 5% PEG 4,000 and plasma pH 6.0, and the best extraction efficiency was 68.1 ± 0.5 g lipid /100 g DM and 69.9 ± 2.0% protein. The crude LDL oil of PEG precipitation was very significantly higher (P < 0.01) than ammonium sulfate precipitation (ASP), while there was no significant difference in protein, which indicates that PEG can extract more crude LDL. When ascorbic acid was added, hydrosulfuryl (SH) groups and lipids oxidation degree of crude LDL extracted by PEG (PEG-LDL) was very significantly lower than ASP (P < 0.01). We also obtained both purified LDL and yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) with an appropriate purification column. This paper proposes a highly efficient method to extract LDL with high activity using PEG and ensures co-purification of LDL and IgY.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Q Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, R. P. China
| | - Y Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, R. P. China
| | - Y Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, R. P. China
| | - P W Harlina
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, R. P. China
| | - M Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, R. P. China
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24
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Li Z, Zydney AL. Effect of zinc chloride and PEG concentrations on the critical flux during tangential flow microfiltration of BSA precipitates. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1561-1567. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park; PA 16802
| | - Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park; PA 16802
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25
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Renaissance of protein crystallization and precipitation in biopharmaceuticals purification. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Zelger M, Pan S, Jungbauer A, Hahn R. Real-time monitoring of protein precipitation in a tubular reactor for continuous bioprocessing. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Kateja N, Agarwal H, Saraswat A, Bhat M, Rathore AS. Continuous precipitation of process related impurities from clarified cell culture supernatant using a novel coiled flow inversion reactor (CFIR). Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1320-1331. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kateja
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi India
| | - Harshit Agarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi India
| | - Aditya Saraswat
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi India
| | - Manish Bhat
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi India
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi India
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28
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Continuous polyethylene glycol precipitation of recombinant antibodies: Sequential precipitation and resolubilization. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Lončar N, Šokarda Slavić M, Vujčić Z, Božić N. Mixed-mode resins: taking shortcut in downstream processing of raw-starch digesting α-amylases. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15772. [PMID: 26492875 PMCID: PMC4650330 DOI: 10.1038/srep15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis 9945a α-amylase is known as a potent enzyme for raw starch
hydrolysis. In this paper, a mixed mode Nuvia cPrime™ resin is examined with the aim to
improve the downstream processing of raw starch digesting amylases and exploit the hydrophobic
patches on their surface. This resin combines hydrophobic interactions with cation exchange groups
and as such the presence of salt facilitates hydrophobic interactions while the ion-exchange groups
enable proper selectivity. α-Amylase was produced using an optimized fed-batch approach in a
defined media and significant overexpression of 1.2 g L−1 was
achieved. This single step procedure enables simultaneous concentration, pigment removal as well as
purification of amylase with yields of 96% directly from the fermentation broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Lončar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marinela Šokarda Slavić
- Centre of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Vujčić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.,Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Božić
- Centre of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
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30
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Singh N, Arunkumar A, Chollangi S, Tan ZG, Borys M, Li ZJ. Clarification technologies for monoclonal antibody manufacturing processes: Current state and future perspectives. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:698-716. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Singh
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Abhiram Arunkumar
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Srinivas Chollangi
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Zhijun George Tan
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Michael Borys
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
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31
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Hammerschmidt N, Hintersteiner B, Lingg N, Jungbauer A. Continuous precipitation of IgG from CHO cell culture supernatant in a tubular reactor. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1196-205. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Hekmat D. Large-scale crystallization of proteins for purification and formulation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1209-31. [PMID: 25700885 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since about 170 years, salts were used to create supersaturated solutions and crystallize proteins. The dehydrating effect of salts as well as their kosmotropic or chaotropic character was revealed. Even the suitability of organic solvents for crystallization was already recognized. Interestingly, what was performed during the early times is still practiced today. A lot of effort was put into understanding the underlying physico-chemical interaction mechanisms leading to protein crystallization. However, it was understood that already the solvation of proteins is a highly complex process not to mention the intricate interrelation of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions taking place. Although many basic questions are still unanswered, preparative protein crystallization was attempted as illustrated in the presented case studies. Due to the highly variable nature of crystallization, individual design of the crystallization process is needed in every single case. It was shown that preparative crystallization from impure protein solutions as a capture step is possible after applying adequate pre-treatment procedures like precipitation or extraction. Protein crystallization can replace one or more chromatography steps. It was further shown that crystallization can serve as an attractive alternative means for formulation of therapeutic proteins. Crystalline proteins can offer enhanced purity and enable highly concentrated doses of the active ingredient. Easy scalability of the proposed protein crystallization processes was shown using the maximum local energy dissipation as a suitable scale-up criterion. Molecular modeling and target-oriented protein engineering may allow protein crystallization to become part of a platform purification process in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusch Hekmat
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany,
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33
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Capture and intermediate purification of recombinant antibodies with combined precipitation methods. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Highly linear pH gradients for analyzing monoclonal antibody charge heterogeneity in the alkaline range: Validation of the method parameters. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1373:124-30. [PMID: 25465369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cation exchange chromatography has been routinely used for the quantification of monoclonal antibody (mAb) charge heterogeneity. A previously developed method utilizing pH gradients for the elution instead of salt gradients was validated according to current guidelines proposed by the ICH. The linearity, stability, accuracy, precision and the lower limit of quantification have been determined, using pure charge variant standards. The method is valid for the quantification of mAb samples with a charge heterogeneity between 1% and 50%. Three different approaches to obtaining pure standard material for the validation of bio-analytical methods for the quantification of charge heterogeneity of IgG are presented. These methods are based on salt gradient elution, pH gradient elution and displacement in cation exchange chromatography.
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