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Iñarra B, Bald C, Gutierrez M, San Martin D, Zufía J, Ibarruri J. Production of Bioactive Peptides from Hake By-Catches: Optimization and Scale-Up of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Process. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:552. [PMID: 37999376 PMCID: PMC10672589 DOI: 10.3390/md21110552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish by-catches, along with other fish side-streams, were previously used as raw material for the production of fishmeal and fish oil but appropriate handling allows their use in more valuable options. The aim of this research was to valorize undersized hake (Merluccius merluccius) as a model of using fish by-catch from the Bay of Biscay to produce protein hydrolysates with bioactivities. Six enzymes, with different proteolytic activities (endo- or exoproteases) and specificities, were tested to produce protein hydrolysates. Products obtained with an endoprotease of serine resulted in the most promising results in terms of protein extraction yield (68%), with an average molecular weight of 2.5 kDa, and bioactivity yield (antioxidant activity = 88.5 mg TE antioxidant capacity/g fish protein; antihypertensive activity = 47% inhibition at 1 mg/mL). Then, process conditions for the use of this enzyme to produce bioactive products were optimized using Box-Behnken design. The most favorable process conditions (time = 2 h, solids = 50% and enzyme/substrate = 2% with respect to protein) were scaled up (from 0.5 L to 150 L reactor) to confirm laboratory scale and model forecasts. The results obtained in the pilot-scale testing matched the outcomes predicted by the model, confirming the technical viability of the proposed process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Iñarra
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.B.); (M.G.); (D.S.M.); (J.Z.); (J.I.)
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Mhina CF, Jung HY, Kim JK. Recovery of antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides through the reutilization of Nile perch wastewater by biodegradation using two Bacillus species. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126728. [PMID: 32298913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nile perch wastewater was biodegraded using two Bacillus species to recover bioactive substances to enhance its reutilization value. The two Bacillus species successfully produced low-molecular-weight substances with a 47.8% degree of hydrolysis. The antioxidant activities of the Nile perch wastewater increased as the biodegradation proceeded, and the culture supernatant exhibited the highest DPPH (80.1%), ABTS (93.1%) and Fe2+ chelating (88.5%) antioxidant activities at 60 h. The antioxidant potential of the biodegraded Nile perch wastewater was found to be higher than those of other fish hydrolysates. Moreover, the biodegraded Nile perch wastewater exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against Vibrio vulnificus, exhibiting a minimal inhibitory concentration of 585 μg mL-1. Two-dimensional thin layer chromatography analysis revealed the specific amino acids responsible for the antioxidant activity, and molecular-weight cut-off ultrafiltration revealed that the <2-kDa fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50 values (0.43 and 0.22 mg mL-1 for DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activities, respectively). This is the first report of the reutilization of Nile perch wastewater as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial ingredient for nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changoma Fransis Mhina
- KOICA-PKNU International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Graduate School of Global Fisheries, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Mtwara District Council, P.O. Box 528, Mtwara, Tanzania
| | - Hyun Yi Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Kyun Kim
- KOICA-PKNU International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Graduate School of Global Fisheries, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Sepúlveda CT, Zapata JE. Effects of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis spp</i>.) Viscera Hydrolysates. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1249-1258. [PMID: 32370711 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200506072526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish is an essential source of nutrients for human nutrition due to the composition of proteins, vitamins, and minerals, among other nutrients. Enzymatic hydrolysis represents an alternative for the use of by-products of the aquaculture industry. OBJECTIVE We propose to evaluate the effect of stirring speed, temperature, and initial protein concentration on the degree of hydrolysis of proteins and antioxidant activity of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) viscera hydrolysates. METHODS The effect of stirring speed, temperature, and initial protein concentration on the degree of hydrolysis of proteins and antioxidant activity was evaluated using an experimental design that was adjusted to a polynomial equation. The hydrolysate was fractioned to determine the antioxidant activity of the fractions, and functional properties were also measured. RESULTS Stirring speed and protein concentration presented a statistically significant effect (p <0.05) on all the response variables. However, the temperature did not present a statistically significant effect on the degree of hydrolysis. DISCUSSION The best conditions of hydrolysis were stirring speed of 51.44 rpm, a temperature of 59.15°C, and the protein concentration of 10 g L-1. The solubility of the hydrolysate protein was high at different pH, and the hydrolysate fraction with the highest antioxidant activity has a molecular weight <1 kDa. CONCLUSION The degree of hydrolysis and the biological activity of red tilapia viscera hydrolysates (Oreochromis spp.) are affected by temperature, substrate concentration, and stirring speed. The optimal conditions of hydrolysis allowed to obtain a hydrolysate with antioxidant activity are due to the peptides with low molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy T Sepúlveda
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - José E Zapata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Rivero Pino F, Pérez Gálvez R, Espejo Carpio FJ, Guadix EM. Evaluation of Tenebrio molitor protein as a source of peptides for modulating physiological processes. Food Funct 2020; 11:4376-4386. [PMID: 32373903 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00734j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing world population has led to the need to search for new protein sources, such as insects, the harvesting of which can be economical and environmentally sustainable. This study explores the biological activities (angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, antioxidant capacity, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition) of Tenebrio molitor hydrolysates produced by a set of food-grade proteases, namely subtilisin, trypsin, ficin and flavourzyme, and the degree of hydrolysis (DH), ranging from 5% to 20%. Trypsin hydrolysates exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity at a DH of 10% (IC50 0.27 mg mL-1) in the experimental series, which was attributed to the release of short peptides containing Arg or Lys residues in the C terminus, and described as the ACE-inhibition feature. The levels of in vitro antioxidant activities were comparable to those reported for insect species. Subtilisin and trypsin hydrolysates at a DH of 10% displayed optimal DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing activities, which was attributed to the presence of 5-10-residue active peptides, as reported in the literature. Iron chelating activity was significantly favoured by increasing the DH, attaining a minimal IC50 of 0.8 mg mL-1 at a DH of 20% regardless of the enzymatic treatment. Similarly, in vitro antidiabetic activity was significantly improved by extensive hydrolysis, and, more specifically, the presence of di- and tripeptides. In this regard, the combined treatment of subtilisin-flavourzyme at a DH of 20% showed maximal DPP-IV inhibition (IC50 2.62 mg mL-1). To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the DPP-IV activity of Tenebrio molitor hydrolysates obtained from these commercial proteases. We conclude that Tenebrio molitor hydrolysates produced with food-grade proteases are a valuable source of active peptides that can be used as functional ingredients in food and nutraceutical preparations.
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Production of Antioxidant Peptides from Pea Protein Using Protease from Bacillus licheniformis LBA 46. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Thamamsena R, Liu DC. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different enzymatic hydrolysates from desalted duck egg white. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1487-1496. [PMID: 32054192 PMCID: PMC7468171 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to look for optimal preparation of hydrolysates of desalted duck egg white powder (DDEWP) by the three different proteases and to investigate their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Methods DDEWP was hydrolyzed by three proteases, including pepsin (PEP), Bacillus spp. (BA) and natokinase (NAT) with three different enzyme concentrations (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%), individually. The important key hydrolysis parameters such as hydrolysis degree, yield, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were evaluated in this experiment. Results The results showed that the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of all treatments increased with increasing hydrolysis time and protease concentrations. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the hydrolysates were affected by type and concentration of protease as well as hydrolysis time. Hydrolysis of PEP significantly (p<0.05) obtained the highest yield of hydrolysates, however, both of BA and NAT showed substantially lower DH values and still did not exceed 5% by the end of hydrolysis. Among the different hydrolysates, PEP exhibited significantly higher 2, 2–diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than BA and NAT. All DDEWP hydrolysates from PEP had low ferrous ion chelating activity (<37%) that was significantly lower than that of NAT (>37% to 92%) and BA (30% to 79%). Besides, DDEWP hydrolysates of PEP presented significantly higher reducing power than BA and NAT. In antimicrobial activities, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not effectively inhibited by any DDEWP hydrolysates of PEP except for Staphylococcus aureus. Especially, the excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus only was displayed in DDEWP hydrolysates of PEP 0.1%. Conclusion DDEWP hydrolysates from PEP demonstrated significantly better DH, yield, DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power, furthermore, had excellent inhibitory on S. aureus due to large clear zone and moderated inhibitory in bactericidal inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rommanee Thamamsena
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Deng Cheng Liu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Conversion of Shrimp Head Waste for Production of a Thermotolerant, Detergent-Stable, Alkaline Protease by Paenibacillus sp. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishery processing by-products have been of great interest to researchers due to their beneficial applications in many fields. In this study, five types of marine by-products, including demineralized crab shell, demineralized shrimp shell, shrimp head, shrimp shell, and squid pen, provided sources of carbon and nitrogen nutrition by producing a protease from Paenibacillus sp. TKU047. Strain TKU047 demonstrated the highest protease productivity (2.98 U/mL) when cultured for two days on a medium containing 0.5% of shrimp head powder (SHP). The mass of TKU047 protease was determined to be 32 kDa (approximately). TKU047 protease displayed optimal activity at 70–80 °C and pH 9, with a pH range of stability from 6 to 11. TKU047 protease also showed stability in solutions containing surfactants and detergents. Based on its excellent properties, Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 protease may be a feasible candidate for inclusion in laundry detergents.
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dos Santos Aguilar JG, de Souza AKS, de Castro RJS. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chicken Viscera to Obtain Added-Value Protein Hydrolysates with Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Properties. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang CH, Doan CT, Nguyen VB, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Reclamation of Fishery Processing Waste: A Mini-Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E2234. [PMID: 31207992 PMCID: PMC6630555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Seafood such as fish, shellfish, and squid are a unique source of nutrients. However, many marine processing byproducts, such as viscera, shells, heads, and bones, are discarded, even though they are rich sources of structurally diverse bioactive nitrogenous components. Based on emerging evidence of their potential health benefits, these components show significant promise as functional food ingredients. Fish waste components contain significant levels of high-quality protein, which represents a source for biofunctional peptide mining. The chitin contained in shrimp shells, crab shells, and squid pens may also be of value. The components produced by bioconversion are reported to have antioxidative, antimicrobial, anticancer, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and anticoagulant activities. This review provides an overview of the extraordinary potential of processing fish and chitin-containing seafood byproducts via chemical procedures, enzymatic and fermentation technologies, and chemical modifications, as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (C.T.D.)
| | - Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (C.T.D.)
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
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Bi-objective optimization of tuna protein hydrolysis to produce aquaculture feed ingredients. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Aguilar JGDS, Granato Cason V, de Castro RJS. Improving antioxidant activity of black bean protein by hydrolysis with protease combinations. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Granato Cason
- Department of Food Science; School of Food Engineering; University of Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato 80 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ruann Janser Soares de Castro
- Department of Food Science; School of Food Engineering; University of Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato 80 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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Optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice protein by different enzymes using the response surface methodology. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:372. [PMID: 30105197 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice protein was determined using an experimental design tool. The semi-purified protease of Bacillus licheniformis LBA 46 and commercial protease Alcalase 2.4 L were used to produce rice hydrolysates using pH values ranging from 6 to 10 and enzyme concentrations varying from 50 to 150 U/mL. The optimized conditions were validated, and using the chosen conditions (pH 10 and 100 U/mL of protease), it was possible to confirm that the model was predictive for oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) responses. The experimental values for the ORAC and FRAP responses were 940 and 18.78 TE µmol/g for the rice protein hydrolysates prepared with LBA protease and 1001.94 and 19.31 TE µmol/g for the rice protein hydrolysates prepared with Alcalase 2.4 L. After optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, the antioxidant activity values increased when compared to the values for the intact rice protein: 324.97 TE µmol/g (ORAC) and 6.14 TE µmol/g (FRAP). It was also observed that the LBA protease had an action similar to the commercial protease, showing its potential for application in protein hydrolysis.
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Wang X, Yu H, Xing R, Chen X, Li R, Li K, Liu S, Li P. Purification and identification of antioxidative peptides from mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) protein. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20488-20498. [PMID: 35542336 PMCID: PMC9080898 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the preparation, purification and identification of an antioxidative peptide from mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) protein. Neutrase was chosen as the optimum protease, with the highest cellular antioxidant activity of 53.65%. The optimal hydrolysate conditions for mackerel protein hydrolysates (MPH) according to response surface methodology were an enzyme concentration of 1203.2 U g−1, extraction time of 4.53 h, pH of 7.26, water/material ratio of 5.22 v/w and extraction temperature of 43.72 °C. MPH was separated using ultrafiltration membranes, and the fraction MPH-III with molecular weight below 3500 Da showed the highest cellular antioxidant activity. Five fractions were separated from MPH-III on a Sephadex G-25 column, and MPH-III-2, exhibiting the highest cellular antioxidant activity, was further separated with an XBridge® peptide BEH C18 column. The MPH-III-2-6 separated from RP-HPLC was further analysed by Thermo Scientific Q Exactive mass spectrometer, and the heptapeptide LDIQKEV (843.5 Da) and the octapeptide TAAIVNTA (759.4 Da) were identified. The results of this study offer a promising alternative to produce natural antioxidative peptides from fish protein hydrolysate, which may be utilized as functional ingredients in food systems. The heptapeptide LDIQKEV (843.5 Da) and the octapeptide TAAIVNTA were identified from mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) protein.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Huahua Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Ronge Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Kecheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Song Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266071
- China
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Joy S, Alikunju AP, Jose J, Sudha HSH, Parambath PM, Puthiyedathu ST, Philip B. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense responses of Etroplus suratensis to acute temperature fluctuations. J Therm Biol 2017; 70:20-26. [PMID: 29108554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fishes are always exposed to various environmental stresses and the chances of succumbing to such stresses are of great physiological concern. Any change in temperature from the ambient condition can induce various metabolic and physiological changes in the body. The present study evaluates the effects of temperature induced stress on the antioxidant profile of Etroplus suratensis such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation. Fishes of same size were kept in a thermostatized bath at three different temperature regimes viz 16°C, 27°C (ambient temperature) and 38°C for 72h. These temperatures were selected based on the CT Max (Critical Thermal Maximum) and CT Min (Critical Thermal Minimum) exhibited by E. suratensis. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was found maximum in brain and muscle respectively during the 48th hour of exposure in fishes kept at 38°C. At 16°C the antioxidant response of glutathione peroxidase was maximum in muscles, whereas the lipid peroxidation rate was found to be high in gills compared to other tissues. The profound increase in the levels of oxidative stress related biomarkers indicate that the thermal stressors severely affected oxidative state of E. suratensis by the second day of experiment. Such down-regulation of redox state accompanied with the induction of oxidative stress cascade may lead to physiological damage in various tissues in fishes, in vivo. However current data indicate that a transition to low and high temperature environment from ambient condition severely affected the levels and profile of the antioxidant markers overtime in E. suratensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Joy
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin - 16, India
| | - Aneesa Painadath Alikunju
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin - 16, India
| | - Jisha Jose
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin - 16, India
| | - Hari Sankar Haridasanpillai Sudha
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin - 16, India
| | | | | | - Babu Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin - 16, India.
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Production of Fish Protein Hydrolysates from Scyliorhinus canicula Discards with Antihypertensive and Antioxidant Activities by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Mathematical Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100306. [PMID: 28994711 PMCID: PMC5666414 DOI: 10.3390/md15100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish discards are of major concern in new EU policies. Alternatives for the management of the new biomass that has to be landed is compulsory. The production of bioactive compounds from fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) has been explored in recent years. However, the viability of Scyliorhinus canicula discards, which might account for up to 90-100% of captures in mixed trawler, gillnet, and longline industrial fisheries, to produce FPH from the muscle with bioactivities has still not been studied in terms of the optimization of the experimental conditions to enhance its production. The effect of pH and temperature on the hydrolysis of the S.canicula muscle was mediated by three commercial proteases using response surface methodology. Temperatures of 64.6 °C and 60.8 °C and pHs of 9.40 and 8.90 were established as the best hydrolysis conditions for Alcalase and Esperase, respectively. Optimization of the best conditions for the maximization of antihypertensive and antioxidant activities was performed. Higher Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was found with Esperase. The pH optimum and temperature optimum for antioxidants were 55 °C/pH8.0 for ABTS/DPPH-Esperase, 63.1 °C/pH9.0 for DPPH-Alcalase, and 55 °C/pH9.0 for ABTS-Alcalase. No hydrolysis was detected when using Protamex.
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