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Kee PE, Yim HS, Kondo A, Wong SYW, Lan JCW, Ng HS. Evaluation of ionic liquids/salt aqueous biphasic flotation system on recovery of Kytococcus sedentarius TWHKC01 keratinase from crude feedstock. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.104198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Agrawal K, Verma P. Current perspective on production and applications of microbial cellulases: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:95. [PMID: 38650192 PMCID: PMC10992179 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion processes and plays a key role in various industrial applications. Cellulase, a key enzyme for cellulose-rich waste feedstock-based biorefinery, has increasing demand in various industries, e.g., paper and pulp, juice clarification, etc. Also, there has been constant progress in developing new strategies to enhance its production, such as the application of waste feedstock as the substrate for the production of individual or enzyme cocktails, process parameters control, and genetic manipulations for enzyme production with enhanced yield, efficiency, and specificity. Further, an insight into immobilization techniques has also been presented for improved reusability of cellulase, a critical factor that controls the cost of the enzyme at an industrial scale. In addition, the review also gives an insight into the status of the significant application of cellulase in the industrial sector, with its techno-economic analysis for future applications. The present review gives a complete overview of current perspectives on the production of microbial cellulases as a promising tool to develop a sustainable and greener concept for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bhardwaj
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Bikash Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Enhanced recovery of astaxanthin from recombinant Kluyveromyces marxianus with ultrasonication-assisted alcohol/salt aqueous biphasic system. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:513-518. [PMID: 34479804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial astaxanthin with strong antioxidant activity is greatly demanded for diverse applications. Extractive disruption in aqueous biphasic system (ABS) integrates the cells disruption and biomolecules recovery processes in one-step operation, allowing the direct recovery of intracellular biomolecules with biphasic system upon released from cells. In this study, astaxanthin was recovered from recombinant Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast cells via extractive disruption using alcohol/salt ABS. Recombinant K. marxianus yeast is engineered to produce high concentration of free form astaxanthin. Highest partition coefficient (K = 90.02 ± 2.25) and yield (Y = 96.80% ± 0.05) of astaxanthin were obtained with ABS composed of 20% (w/w) 1-propanol and 20% (w/w) sodium citrate of pH 5, 0.5% (w/w) yeast cells loading and additional of 1% (w/w) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (Bmim)BF4 to improve the migration of astaxanthin to alcohol-rich top phase. The incorporation of 2.5 h of ultrasonication to the biphasic system further enhanced the astaxanthin recovery in ABS. The direct recovery of astaxanthin from recombinant K. marxianus cells was demonstrated with the ultrasonication-assisted alcohol/salt ABS which integrates the extraction and concentration of astaxanthin in a single-step operation.
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Kee PE, Yim HS, Kondo A, Lan JCW, Ng HS. Evaluation of Aqueous Biphasic Electrophoresis System Based on Halide-Free Ionic Liquids for Direct Recovery of Keratinase. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:463. [PMID: 34436302 PMCID: PMC8398788 DOI: 10.3390/md19080463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous biphasic electrophoresis system (ABES) incorporates electric fields into the biphasic system to separate the target biomolecules from crude feedstock. Ionic liquid (IL) is regarded as an excellent candidate as the phase-forming components for ABES because of the great electrical conductivity, which can promote the electromigration of biomolecules in ABES, and thereby enhances the separation efficiency of the target biomolecules from crude feedstock. The application of electric fields to the conventional biphasic system expedites the phase settling time of the biphasic system, which eases the subsequent scaling-up steps and reduces the overall processing time of the recovery process. Alkyl sulphate-based IL is a green and economical halide-free surfactant when compared to the other halide-containing IL. The feasibility of halide-free IL-based ABES to recover Kytococcus sedentarius TWHK01 keratinase was studied. Optimum partition coefficient (Ke = 7.53 ± 0.35) and yield (YT = 80.36% ± 0.71) were recorded with IL-ABES comprised of 15.0% (w/w) [EMIM][ESO4], 20.0% (w/w) sodium carbonate and 15% (w/w) crude feedstock. Selectivity (S) of 5.75 ± 0.27 was obtained with the IL-ABES operated at operation time of 5 min with 10 V voltage supplied. Halide-free IL is proven to be a potential phase-forming component of IL-ABES for large-scale recovery of keratinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Kee
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (P.E.K.); (H.S.Y.)
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Hip Seng Yim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (P.E.K.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;
| | - John Chi-Wei Lan
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, No. 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Hui Suan Ng
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (P.E.K.); (H.S.Y.)
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Effect of Concentrated Salts Solutions on the Stability of Immobilized Enzymes: Influence of Inactivation Conditions and Immobilization Protocol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040968. [PMID: 33673063 PMCID: PMC7918437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the effects of some salts (NaCl, (NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4) at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 on the stability of 13 different immobilized enzymes: five lipases, three proteases, two glycosidases, and one laccase, penicillin G acylase and catalase. The enzymes were immobilized to prevent their aggregation. Lipases were immobilized via interfacial activation on octyl agarose or on glutaraldehyde-amino agarose beads, proteases on glyoxyl agarose or glutaraldehyde-amino agarose beads. The use of high concentrations of salts usually has some effects on enzyme stability, but the intensity and nature of these effects depends on the inactivation pH, nature and concentration of the salt, enzyme and immobilization protocol. The same salt can be a stabilizing or a destabilizing agent for a specific enzyme depending on its concentration, inactivation pH and immobilization protocol. Using lipases, (NH4)2SO4 generally permits the highest stabilities (although this is not a universal rule), but using the other enzymes this salt is in many instances a destabilizing agent. At pH 9.0, it is more likely to find a salt destabilizing effect than at pH 7.0. Results confirm the difficulty of foreseeing the effect of high concentrations of salts in a specific immobilized enzyme.
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Pilot-Scale Production of Chito-Oligosaccharides Using an Innovative Recombinant Chitosanase Preparation Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020290. [PMID: 33477553 PMCID: PMC7831125 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For pilot-scale production of chito-oligosaccharides, it must be cost-effective to prepare designable recombinant chitosanase. Herein, an efficient method for preparing recombinant Bacillus chitosanase from Escherichia coli by elimination of undesirable substances as a precipitate is proposed. After an optimized culture with IPTG (Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside) induction, the harvested cells were resuspended, disrupted by sonication, divided by selective precipitation, and stored using the same solution conditions. Several factors involved in these procedures, including ion types, ionic concentration, pH, and bacterial cell density, were examined. The optimal conditions were inferred to be pH = 4.5, 300 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and cell density below 1011 cells/mL. Finally, recombinant chitosanase was purified to >70% homogeneity with an activity recovery and enzyme yield of 90% and 106 mg/L, respectively. When 10 L of 5% chitosan was hydrolyzed with 2500 units of chitosanase at ambient temperature for 72 h, hydrolyzed products having molar masses of 833 ± 222 g/mol with multiple degrees of polymerization (chito-dimer to tetramer) were obtained. This work provided an economical and eco-friendly preparation of recombinant chitosanase to scale up the hydrolysis of chitosan towards tailored oligosaccharides in the near future.
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Kee PE, Cheah LS, Wan PK, Show PL, Lan JCW, Chow YH, Ng HS. Primary capture of Bacillus subtilis xylanase from crude feedstock using alcohol/salt liquid biphasic flotation. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Efficiency of polymer/salt aqueous two-phase electrophoresis system for recovery of extracellular Kytococcus sedentarius TWHKC01 keratinase. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lin YY, Kee PE, Ng HS, Lan JCW. Recovery efficiency of a hydrophilic ionic-liquid aqueous biphasic system for the primary purification of cytochrome c from simulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation broth. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ng HS, Kee PE, Tan GYT, Yim HS, Lan JCW. Surfactant as an Additive for the Recovery of Potent Antioxidants from Garcinia mangostana Pericarps Using a Polymer/Salt Aqueous Biphasic System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:273-283. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Partition efficiency of cytochrome c with alcohol/salt aqueous biphasic flotation system. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:237-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Efficiency of Ionic Liquids-Based Aqueous Two-phase Electrophoresis for Partition of Cytochrome c. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:376-386. [PMID: 31907777 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c is a small water-soluble protein that is abundantly found in the mitochondrial intermembrane space of microorganism, plants and mammalians. Ionic liquids (ILs)-based aqueous two-phase electrophoresis system (ATPES) was introduced in this study to investigate the partition efficiency of cytochrome c to facilitate subsequent development of two-phase electrophoresis for the separation of cytochrome c from microbial fermentation. The 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, (C6mim)Br and potassium citrate salt were selected as the phase-forming components. Effects of phase composition; position of electrodes; pH and addition of neutral salt on the partition efficiency of cytochrome c in the ATPES were evaluated. Highest partition coefficient (K = 179.12 ± 0.82) and yield of cytochrome c in top phase (YT = 99.63% ± 0.00) were recorded with IL/salt ATPES composed of 30% (w/w) (C6mim)Br and 20% (w/w) potassium citrate salt of pH 7 and 3.0% (w/w) NaCl addition with anode at the bottom phase and cathode at the top phase. The SDS-PAGE profile revealed that cytochrome c with a molecular weight of 12 kDa was preferably partitioned to the IL-rich top phase. Present findings suggested that the single-step ATPES is a potential separation approach for the recovery of cytochrome c from microbial fermentation. Graphical Abstract.
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Joshi PU, Turpeinen DG, Weiss M, Escalante-Corbin G, Schroeder M, Heldt CL. Tie line framework to optimize non-enveloped virus recovery in aqueous two-phase systems. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1126-1127:121744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Vuksanović JM, Kijevčanin ML, Radović IR. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as a novel chaotropic compound for design of aqueous biphasic systems. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Direct recovery of Bacillus subtilis xylanase from fermentation broth with an alcohol/salt aqueous biphasic system. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:585-589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Temkov M, Strinska H, Dobrev G, Velickova E, Muresan V, Krastanov A. Purification of bacterial inulinase in aqueous two-phase systems. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:840-850. [PMID: 32624877 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, extracellular inulinase from Bacillus sp. 11/3 was partially purified and concentrated using aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). Two different phase forming salts and four types of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used. Binodal curves and tie-length lines (TLLs) for eight ATPS were developed. For inulinase purification, concentrations of PEG and salt according to binodal curves (between 17 and 26%) were chosen. All ATPSs for inulinase purification were characterized. An ATPS consisted of 26% PEG1000 and 26% MgSO4 was found to be the most suitable for inulinase purification. This ATPS has 28.47% TLL, 1.03 of volume ratio, purification factor of 4.65 fold and recovery yield of 66.17%. On the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis two protein bands with molecular weight of around 24 and 56 kDa were observed. The partially purified enzymes had optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 6.5, optimal temperature at 30 and 70°C and kinetic parameters Km = 26.32 mmol and Vmax = 526 mmol/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishela Temkov
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia.,Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Faculty of Technology University of Food Technologies Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - Hristina Strinska
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Faculty of Technology University of Food Technologies Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Dobrev
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Faculty of Technology University of Food Technologies Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - Elena Velickova
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vlad Muresan
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Food Technology University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine in Cluj Napoca Cluj Napoca Romania
| | - Albert Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Faculty of Technology University of Food Technologies Plovdiv Bulgaria
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Ng HS, Wang CC, Tan JS, Lan JCW. Primary recovery of recombinant human serum albumin from transgenic Oryza sativa with a single-step aqueous biphasic system. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wan PK, Lan JCW, Chen PW, Tan JS, Ng HS. Recovery of intracellular ectoine from Halomonas salina cells with poly(propylene) glycol/salt aqueous biphasic system. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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