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Park WK, Min K, Yun JH, Kim M, Kim MS, Park GW, Lee SY, Lee S, Lee J, Lee JP, Moon M, Lee JS. Paradigm shift in algal biomass refinery and its challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126358. [PMID: 34800638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been studied and tested for over 70 years. However, biodiesel, the prime target of the algal industry, has suffered from low competitiveness and current steps toward banning the internal combustion engine all over the world. Meanwhile, interest in reducing CO2 emissions has grown as the world has witnessed disasters caused by global warming. In this situation, in order to maximize the benefits of the microalgal industry and surmount current limitations, new breakthroughs are being sought. First, drop-in fuel, mandatory for the aviation and maritime industries, has been discussed as a new product. Second, methods to secure stable and feasible outdoor cultivation focusing on CO2 sequestration were investigated. Lastly, the need for an integrated refinery process to simultaneously produce multiple products has been discussed. While the merits of microalgae industry remain valid, further investigations into these new frontiers would put algal industry at the core of future bio-based economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kun Park
- Department of Chemistry & Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungseon Min
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Yun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Energy Resources Upcycling Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwon Woo Park
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Pyo Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghoon Moon
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
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Microalgae potential in the capture of CO2 emission. ACTA INNOVATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.32933/actainnovations.41.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a perspective projected to reduce the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, in which carbon dioxide is the master, the use of microalgae is an effective and decisive response. The review describes the bio circularity of the process of abatement of carbon dioxide through biofixation in algal biomass, highlighting the potential of its reuse in the production of high value-added products.
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Severo IA, dos Santos AM, Deprá MC, Barin JS, Jacob-Lopes E. Microalgae photobioreactors integrated into combustion processes: A patent-based analysis to map technological trends. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hernández-López I, Benavente Valdés JR, Castellari M, Aguiló-Aguayo I, Morillas-España A, Sánchez-Zurano A, Acién-Fernández FG, Lafarga T. Utilisation of the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis sp. as innovative ingredients in the formulation of wheat tortillas. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Enhancing CO 2 utilization by a physical absorption-based technique in microalgae culture. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1901-1912. [PMID: 33864126 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide supplementation is significant for cell growth in autotrophic cultures of microalgae. However, the CO2 utilization efficiency is quite low in most processes. Aimed at this problem, six kinds of physical absorption enhancers were investigated to enhance the biological carbon sequestration of microalgae. By the addition of a small amount of CO2 absorption enhancer, the total inorganic carbon concentration of the medium was significantly increased. In addition, the biomass productivity of Scenedesmus dimorphus was maximally increased by 63% by the addition of propylene carbonate in flask cultures. In cultures using an air-lift photobioreactor equipped with a pH-feedback control system to supply CO2, the CO2 consumption was maximally reduced by 71% with added polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether. This study indicates that the incorporation of physical absorption enhancers could be a promising approach to overcome the problems of low CO2 utilization efficiency and high carbon source cost in algal biomass production.
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Moraes L, Rosa GM, Cara IM, Santos LO, Morais MG, Grima EM, Costa JAV, Fernández FGA. Bioprocess strategies for enhancing the outdoor production of Nannochloropsis gaditana: an evaluation of the effects of pH on culture performance in tubular photobioreactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1823-1832. [PMID: 32588115 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A priority of the industrial applications of microalgae is the reduction of production costs while maximizing algae biomass productivity. The purpose of this study was to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of pH control on the production of Nannochloropsis gaditana in tubular photobioreactors under external conditions while considering the environmental, biological, and operational parameters of the process. Experiments were carried out in 3.0 m3 tubular photobioreactors under outdoor conditions. The pH values evaluated were 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0, which were controlled by injecting pure CO2 on-demand. The results have shown that the ideal pH for microalgal growth was 8.0, with higher values of biomass productivity (Pb) (0.16 g L-1 d-1), and CO2 use efficiency ([Formula: see text]) (74.6% w w-1); [Formula: see text]/biomass value obtained at this pH (2.42 [Formula: see text] gbiomass-1) was close to the theoretical value, indicating an adequate CO2 supply. At this pH, the system was more stable and required a lower number of CO2 injections than the other treatments. At pH 6.0, there was a decrease in the Pb and [Formula: see text]; cultures at pH 10.0 exhibited a lower Pb and photosynthetic efficiency as well. These results imply that controlling the pH at an optimum value allows higher CO2 conversions in biomass to be achieved and contributes to the reduction in costs of the microalgae production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moraes
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - G M Rosa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - I M Cara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - L O Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - M G Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - E Molina Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J A V Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - F G Acién Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
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Moraes L, da Rosa GM, Santos LO, Costa JAV. Innovative development of membrane sparger for carbon dioxide supply in microalgae cultures. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2987. [PMID: 32108987 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to develop a membrane sparger (MS) integrated into a tubular photobioreactor to promote the increase of the carbon dioxide (CO2 ) fixation by Spirulina sp. LEB 18 cultures. The use of MS for the CO2 supply in Spirulina cultures resulted not only in the increase of DIC concentrations but also in the highest accumulated DIC concentration in the liquid medium (127.4 mg L-1 d-1 ). The highest values of biomass concentration (1.98 g L-1 ), biomass productivity (131.8 mg L-1 d-1 ), carbon in biomass (47.9% w w-1 ), CO2 fixation rate (231.6 mg L-1 d-1 ), and CO2 use efficiency (80.5% w w-1 ) by Spirulina were verified with MS, compared to the culture with conventional sparger for CO2 supply. Spirulina biomass in both culture conditions had high protein contents varying from 64.9 to 69% (w w-1 ). MS can be considered an innovative system for the supply of carbon for the microalgae cultivation and biomass production. Moreover, the use of membrane system might contribute to increased process efficiency with a reduced cost of biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Moraes
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M da Rosa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielen O Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge A V Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Molino A, Mehariya S, Iovine A, Casella P, Marino T, Karatza D, Chianese S, Musmarra D. Enhancing Biomass and Lutein Production From Scenedesmus almeriensis: Effect of Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Culture Medium Reuse. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:415. [PMID: 32373140 PMCID: PMC7186383 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of operative parameters and bioprocess strategies on the photo-autotrophic cultivation of the microalgae Scenedesmus almeriensis for lutein production. S. almeriensis was cultivated in a vertical bubble column photobioreactor (VBC-PBR) in batch mode and the bioactive compounds were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction with ethanol at 67°C and 10 MPa. The cultivation with a volume fraction of CO2 in the range 0-3.0%v/v showed that the highest biomass and lutein concentrations - 3.7 g/L and 5.71 mg/g, respectively - were measured at the highest CO2 concentration and using fresh growth medium. Recycling the cultivation medium from harvested microalgae resulted in decreased biomass and lutein content. The nutrient chemical composition analysis showed the highest consumption rates for nitrogen and phosphorus, with values higher than 80%, while sulfate and chloride were less consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molino
- Department of Sustainability-CR Portici, ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Portici, Italy
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Sustainability-CR Portici, ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Portici, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Aversa, Italy
| | - Angela Iovine
- Department of Sustainability-CR Portici, ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Portici, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Aversa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casella
- Department of Sustainability-CR Portici, ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Portici, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Aversa, Italy
| | - Despina Karatza
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Aversa, Italy
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Aversa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simeone Chianese,
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Aversa, Italy
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González-Camejo J, Jiménez-Benítez A, Ruano MV, Robles A, Barat R, Ferrer J. Optimising an outdoor membrane photobioreactor for tertiary sewage treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 245:76-85. [PMID: 31150912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The operation of an outdoor membrane photobioreactor plant which treated the effluent of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor was optimised. Biomass retention times of 4.5, 6, and 9 days were tested. At a biomass retention time of 4.5 days, maximum nitrogen recovery rate:light irradiance ratios, photosynthetic efficiencies and carbon biofixations of 51.7 ± 14.3 mg N·mol-1, 4.4 ± 1.6% and 0.50 ± 0.05 kg CO2·m3influent, respectively, were attained. Minimum membrane fouling rates were achieved when operating at the shortest biomass retention time because of the lower solid concentration and the negligible amount of cyanobacteria and protozoa. Hydraulic retention times of 3.5, 2, and 1.5 days were tested at the optimum biomass retention times of 4.5 days under non-nutrient limited conditions, showing no significant differences in the nutrient recovery rates, photosynthetic efficiencies and membrane fouling rates. However, nitrogen recovery rate:light irradiance ratios and photosynthetic efficiency significantly decreased when hydraulic retention time was further shortened to 1 day, probably due to a rise in the substrate turbidity which reduced the light availability in the culture. Optimal carbon biofixations and theoretical energy recoveries from the biomass were obtained at hydraulic retention time of 3.5 days, which accounted for 0.55 ± 0.05 kg CO2·m-3influent and 0.443 ± 0.103 kWh·m-3influent, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Benítez
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M V Ruano
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Robles
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Barat
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - J Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Musa M, Ayoko GA, Ward A, Rösch C, Brown RJ, Rainey TJ. Factors Affecting Microalgae Production for Biofuels and the Potentials of Chemometric Methods in Assessing and Optimizing Productivity. Cells 2019; 8:E851. [PMID: 31394865 PMCID: PMC6721732 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are swift replicating photosynthetic microorganisms with several applications for food, chemicals, medicine and fuel. Microalgae have been identified to be suitable for biofuels production, due to their high lipid contents. Microalgae-based biofuels have the potential to meet the increasing energy demands and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the present state of technology does not economically support sustainable large-scale production. The biofuel production process comprises the upstream and downstream processing phases, with several uncertainties involved. This review examines the various production and processing stages, and considers the use of chemometric methods in identifying and understanding relationships from measured study parameters via statistical methods, across microalgae production stages. This approach enables collection of relevant information for system performance assessment. The principal benefit of such analysis is the identification of the key contributing factors, useful for decision makers to improve system design, operation and process economics. Chemometrics proffers options for time saving in data analysis, as well as efficient process optimization, which could be relevant for the continuous growth of the microalgae industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutah Musa
- Biofuel Engine Research Facility, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Godwin A Ayoko
- Environmental Technologies Discipline, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Andrew Ward
- Queensland Urban Utilities (QUU), Innovation Centre, Main Beach Road Myrtletown QLD 4008, Australia
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christine Rösch
- Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Richard J Brown
- Biofuel Engine Research Facility, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Thomas J Rainey
- Biofuel Engine Research Facility, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Queensland 4000, Australia.
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