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Ali I, Wei DQ, Khan A, Feng Y, Waseem M, Hussain Z, Iqbal A, Ali SS, Mohammad A, Zheng J. Improving the substrate binding of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (AccB) from Streptomyces antibioticus through computational enzyme engineering. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:402-413. [PMID: 38287712 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA serves as the main building block for the biosynthesis of many important polyketides, as well as fatty acid-derived compounds, such as biofuel. Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium gultamicum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have recently been engineered for the biosynthesis of such compounds. However, the developed processes and strains often have insufficient productivity. In the current study, we used enzyme-engineering approach to improve the binding of acetyl-CoA with ACC. We generated different mutations, and the impact was calculated, which reported that three mutations, that is, S343A, T347W, and S350W, significantly improve the substrate binding. Molecular docking investigation revealed an altered binding network compared to the wild type. In mutants, additional interactions stabilize the binding of the inner tail of acetyl-CoA. Using molecular simulation, the stability, compactness, hydrogen bonding, and protein motions were estimated, revealing different dynamic properties owned by the mutants only but not by the wild type. The findings were further validated by using the binding-free energy (BFE) method, which revealed these mutations as favorable substitutions. The total BFE was reported to be -52.66 ± 0.11 kcal/mol for the wild type, -55.87 ± 0.16 kcal/mol for the S343A mutant, -60.52 ± 0.25 kcal/mol for T347W mutant, and -59.64 ± 0.25 kcal/mol for the S350W mutant. This shows that the binding of the substrate is increased due to the induced mutations and strongly corroborates with the docking results. In sum, this study provides information regarding the essential hotspot residues for the substrate binding and can be used for application in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Iqbal
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shujait Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Jianting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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2
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Xu CL, Zhu CY, Li YN, Gao J, Zhang YW. Heparinase III with High Activity and Stability: Heterologous Expression, Biochemical Characterization, and Application in Depolymerization of Heparin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3045-3054. [PMID: 38307881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel heparinase III from Pedobacter schmidteae (PsHep-III) with high activity and good stability was successfully cloned, expressed, and characterized. PsHep-III displayed the highest specific activity ever reported of 192.8 U mg-1 using heparin as the substrate. It was stable at 25 °C with a half-life of 323 h in an aqueous solution. PsHep-III was employed for the depolymerization of heparin, and the enzymatic hydrolyzed products were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. PsHep-III can break glycosidic bonds in heparin like →4]GlcNAc/GlcNAc6S/GlcNS/GlcNS6S/GlcN/GlcN6S(1 → 4)ΔUA/ΔUA2S[1 → and efficiently digest heparin into seven disaccharides including N-acetylated, N-sulfated, and N-unsubstituted modification, with molecular masses of 503, 605, 563, 563, 665, 360, and 563 Da, respectively. These results indicated that PsHep-III with broad substrate specificity could be combined with heparinase I to overcome the low selectivity at the N-acetylated modification binding sites of heparinase I. This work will contribute to the application of PsHep-III for characterizing heparin and producing low-molecular-weight heparin effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yuan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
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Fan W, Li Z, Li C, Gu Z, Hong Y, Cheng L, Ban X. Catalytic activity enhancement of 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme by N-terminal modification. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100888. [PMID: 38144803 PMCID: PMC10739917 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme (GBE, EC 2.4.1.18) has garnered considerable attention for its ability to increase the degree of branching of starch and retard starch digestion, which has great industrial applications. Previous studies have reported that the N-terminal domain plays an important role in the expression and stability of GBEs. To further increase the catalytic ability of Gt-GBE, we constructed five mutants in the N-terminal domain: L19R, L19K, L25R, L25K, and L25A. Specific activities of L25R and L25A were increased by 28.46% and 23.46%, respectively, versus the wild-type Gt-GBE. In addition, the α-1,6-glycosidic linkage ratios of maltodextrin samples treated with L25R and L25A increased to 5.71%, which were significantly increased by 19.96% compared with that of the wild-type Gt-GBE. The results of this study suggest that the N-terminal domain selective modification can improve enzyme catalytic activity, thus further increasing the commercial application of enzymes in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Li Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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4
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Chi H, Zhu X, Shen J, Lu Z, Lu F, Lyu Y, Zhu P. Thermostability enhancement and insight of L-asparaginase from Mycobacterium sp. via consensus-guided engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2321-2333. [PMID: 36843197 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide alleviation in food has represented as a critical issue due to its neurotoxic effect on human health. L-Asparaginase (ASNase, EC 3.5.1.1) is considered a potential additive for acrylamide alleviation in food. However, low thermal stability hinders the application of ASNase in thermal food processing. To obtain highly thermal stable ASNase for its industrial application, a consensus-guided approach combined with site-directed saturation mutation (SSM) was firstly reported to engineer the thermostability of Mycobacterium gordonae L-asparaginase (GmASNase). The key residues Gly97, Asn159, and Glu249 were identified for improving thermostability. The combinatorial triple mutant G97T/N159Y/E249Q (TYQ) displayed significantly superior thermostability with half-life values of 61.65 ± 8.69 min at 50 °C and 5.12 ± 1.66 min at 55 °C, whereas the wild-type was completely inactive at these conditions. Moreover, its Tm value increased by 8.59 °C from parent wild-type. Interestingly, TYQ still maintained excellent catalytic efficiency and specific activity. Further molecular dynamics and structure analysis revealed that the additional hydrogen bonds, increased hydrophobic interactions, and favorable electrostatic potential were essential for TYQ being in a more rigid state for thermostability enhancement. These results suggested that our strategy was an efficient engineering approach for improving fundamental properties of GmASNase and offering GmASNase as a potential agent for efficient acrylamide mitigation in food industry. KEY POINTS: • The thermostability of GmASNase was firstly improved by consensus-guided engineering. • The half-life and Tm value of triple mutant TYQ were significantly increased. • Insight on improved thermostability of TYQ was revealed by MD and structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibing Chi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juan Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunbin Lyu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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5
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Darnal S, Patial V, Kumar V, Kumar S, Kumar V, Padwad YS, Singh D. Biochemical characterization of extremozyme L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199 for therapeutics. AMB Express 2023; 13:22. [PMID: 36828987 PMCID: PMC9958223 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) from microbial sources is a commercially vital enzyme to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the side effects associated with the commercial formulations of L-ASNases intrigued to explore for efficient and desired pharmacological enzymatic features. Here, we report the biochemical and cytotoxic evaluation of periplasmic L-ASNase of Pseudomonas sp. PCH199 isolated from the soil of Betula utilis, the Himalayan birch. L-ASNase production from wild-type PCH199 was enhanced by 2.2-fold using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Increased production of periplasmic L-ASNase was obtained using an optimized osmotic shock method followed by its purification. The purified L-ASNase was a monomer of 37.0 kDa with optimum activity at pH 8.5 and 60 ℃. It also showed thermostability retaining 100.0% (200 min) and 90.0% (70 min) of the activity at 37 and 50 ℃, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of the purified enzyme were 0.164 ± 0.009 mM and 54.78 ± 0.4 U/mg, respectively. L-ASNase was cytotoxic to the K562 blood cancer cell line (IC50 value 0.309 U/mL) within 24 h resulting in apoptotic nuclear morphological changes as examined by DAPI staining. Therefore, the dynamic functionality in a wide range of pH and temperature and stability of PCH199 L-ASNase at 37 ℃ with cytotoxic potential proves to be pharmaceutically important for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyukta Darnal
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Vijeta Patial
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Virender Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Subhash Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Yogendra S. Padwad
- grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India ,grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XDietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Dharam Singh
- Molecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
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6
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Chi H, Wang Y, Xia B, Zhou Y, Lu Z, Lu F, Zhu P. Enhanced Thermostability and Molecular Insights for l-Asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis via Structure- and Computation-Based Rational Design. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14499-14509. [PMID: 36341695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase has gained much attention for effectively treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and mitigating carcinogenic acrylamide in fried foods. Due to high-dose dependence for clinical treatment and low mitigation efficiency for thermal food processes caused by poor thermal stability, a method to achieve thermostable l-asparaginase has become a critical bottleneck. In this study, a rational design including free energy combined with structural and conservative analyses was applied to engineer the thermostability of l-asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis (BlAsnase). Two enhanced thermostability mutants D172W and E207A were screened out by site-directed saturation mutagenesis. The double mutant D172W/E207A exhibited highly remarkable thermostability with a 65.8-fold longer half-life at 55 °C and 5 °C higher optimum reaction temperature and melting temperature (Tm) than those of wild-type BlAsnase. Further, secondary structure, sequence, molecular dynamics (MD), and 3D-structure analysis revealed that the excellent thermostability of the mutant D172W/E207A was on account of increased hydrophobicity and decreased flexibility, highly rigid structure, hydrophobic interactions, and favorable electrostatic potential. As the first report of rationally designing l-asparaginase with improved thermostability from B. licheniformis, this study offers a facile and efficient process to improve the thermostability of l-asparaginase for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibing Chi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Yilian Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Bingjie Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Yawen Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
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Chi H, Xia B, Shen J, Zhu X, Lu Z, Lu F, Zhu P. Characterization of a novel and glutaminase-free type II L-asparaginase from Corynebacterium glutamicum and its acrylamide alleviation efficiency in potato chips. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1384-1393. [PMID: 36130640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type II L-asparaginase as a pivotal enzyme agent has been applied to treating for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and efficient mitigation of acrylamide formed in fried and baked foods. However, low activity, narrow range of pH stability, as well as undesirable glutaminase activity hinder the applications of this enzyme. In our work, A novel type II L-asparaginase (CgASNase) from Corynebacterium glutamicum with molecular mass of about 35 kDa was chosen to express in E. coli. CgASNase shared only 27 % structural identity with the reported L-asparaginase from Helicobacter pylori. The purified CgASNase showed the highest specific activity of 1979.08 IU mg-1 to L-asparagine, compared with reported type II ASNases in the literature. CgASNase displayed superior stability at a wide pH range from 5.0 to 11.0, and retained about 76 % of its activity at 30 °C for 30 min. The kinetic parameters Km (Michaelis constant), kcat (turnover number), and kcat/Km (catalytic efficiency) values of 4.66 mM, 79,697.40 min-1, and 17,102.45 mM-1 min-1, respectively. More importantly, CgASNase exhibited strict substrate specificity towards L-asparagine, no detectable activity to l-glutamine. To explore its ability to catalyze L-asparagine, CgASNase was supplied in frying potato chips, which produced the fries with 84 % less acrylamide content compared with no supply. These findings suggest that CgASNase presents excellent properties for chemotherapy against diseases and great potential in the food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibing Chi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bingjie Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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8
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Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Type II L-Asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis through Semi-Rational Design. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179663. [PMID: 36077061 PMCID: PMC9456134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Low catalytic activity is a key factor limiting the widespread application of type II L-asparaginase (ASNase) in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, smart libraries were constructed by semi-rational design to improve the catalytic activity of type II ASNase from Bacillus licheniformis. Mutants with greatly enhanced catalytic efficiency were screened by saturation mutations and combinatorial mutations. A quintuple mutant ILRAC was ultimately obtained with specific activity of 841.62 IU/mg and kcat/Km of 537.15 min−1·mM−1, which were 4.24-fold and 6.32-fold more than those of wild-type ASNase. The highest specific activity and kcat/Km were firstly reported in type II ASNase from Bacillus licheniformis. Additionally, enhanced pH stability and superior thermostability were both achieved in mutant ILRAC. Meanwhile, structural alignment and molecular dynamic simulation demonstrated that high structure stability and strong substrate binding were beneficial for the improved thermal stability and enzymatic activity of mutant ILRAC. This is the first time that enzymatic activity of type II ASNase from Bacillus licheniformis has been enhanced by the semi-rational approach, and results provide new insights into enzymatic modification of L-asparaginase for industrial applications.
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Wang Y, Xu W, Wu H, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. Microbial production, molecular modification, and practical application of l-Asparaginase: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:975-983. [PMID: 34293360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase, EC 3.5.1.1), an antitumor drug for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy, is widely used in the clinical field. Similarly, L-ASNase is also a powerful and significant biological tool in the food industry to inhibit acrylamide (AA) formation. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest achievements and improvements in the production, modification, and application of microbial L-ASNase. To date, the expression levels and optimization of expression hosts such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pichia pastoris, have made significant progress. In addition, examples of successful modification of L-ASNase such as decreasing glutaminase activity, increasing the in vivo stability, and enhancing thermostability have been presented. Impressively, the application of L-ASNase as a food addition aid, as well as its commercialization in the pharmaceutical field, and cutting-edge biosensor application developments have been summarized. The presented results and proposed ideas could be a good guide for other L-ASNase researchers in both scientific and practical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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11
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Guo LB, Zhu CY, Wu YB, Fan XM, Zhang YW. A novel chondroitin AC lyase from Pedobacter xixiisoli: Cloning, expression, characterization and the application in the preparation of oligosaccharides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 146:109765. [PMID: 33812567 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin AC lyase can efficiently hydrolyze chondroitin sulfate (CS) to low molecule weight chondroitin sulfate, which has been widely used in clinical therapy, including anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory. In this work, a novel chondroitin AC lyase from Pedobacter xixiisoli (PxchonAC) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The characterization of PxchonAC showed that it has specific activities on chondroitin sulfate A, Chondroitin sulfate C and hyaluronic acid with 428.77, 270.57, and 136.06 U mg-1, respectively. The Km and Vmax of PxchonAC were 0.61 mg mL-1 and 670.18 U mg-1 using chondroitin sulfate A as the substrate. The enzyme had a half-life of roughly 660 min at 37 °C in the presence of Ca2+ and remained a residual activity of 54 % after incubated at 4 °C for 25 days. Molecular docking revealed that Asn123, His223, Tyr232, Arg286, Arg290, Asn372, and Glu374 were mainly involved in the substrate binding. The enzymatic hydrolysis product was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, demonstrating PxchonAC could hydrolyze CS efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yuan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Bei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Insight into the significant roles of the Trp372 and flexible loop in directing the catalytic direction and substrate specificity in AGE superfamily enzymes. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Stimple SD, Smith MD, Tessier PM. Directed evolution methods for overcoming trade-offs between protein activity and stability. AIChE J 2020; 66. [PMID: 32719568 DOI: 10.1002/aic.16814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Engineered proteins are being widely developed and employed in applications ranging from enzyme catalysts to therapeutic antibodies. Directed evolution, an iterative experimental process composed of mutagenesis and library screening, is a powerful technique for enhancing existing protein activities and generating entirely new ones not observed in nature. However, the process of accumulating mutations for enhanced protein activity requires chemical and structural changes that are often destabilizing, and low protein stability is a significant barrier to achieving large enhancements in activity during multiple rounds of directed evolution. Here we highlight advances in understanding the origins of protein activity/stability trade-offs for two important classes of proteins (enzymes and antibodies) as well as innovative experimental and computational methods for overcoming such trade-offs. These advances hold great potential for improving the generation of highly active and stable proteins that are needed to address key challenges related to human health, energy and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Stimple
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
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What makes a good new therapeutic l-asparaginase? World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:152. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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