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Zhao XR, Chen XL, Yang JL, Gao Q, Shi JT, Hua Q, Wei LJ. De novo synthesis of nervonic acid and optimization of metabolic regulation by Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:70. [PMID: 38647797 PMCID: PMC10992393 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nervonic acid, a natural fatty acid compound and also a core component of nerve fibers and nerve cells, has been widely used to prevent and treat related diseases of the brain nervous system. At present, fatty acids and their derivatives are mainly obtained by natural extraction or chemical synthesis which are limited by natural resources and production costs. In this study, the de novo synthetic pathway of nervonic acid was constructed in Yarrowia lipolytica by means of synthetic biology, and the yield of nervonic acid was further improved by metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization. Specially, heterologous elongases and desaturases derived from different organism were successfully expressed and evaluated for their potential for the production of nervonic acid in Y. lipolytica. Meanwhile, we overexpressed the genes involved in the lipid metabolism to increase the nervonic acid titer to 111.6 mg/L. In addition, the potential of adding oil as auxiliary carbon sources for nervonic acid production by the engineered Y. lipolytica was analyzed. The results indicated that supplementation with colleseed oil as an auxiliary carbon source can be beneficial for the nervonic acid productivity, which led to the highest concentration of 185.0 mg/L in this work. To summarize, this study describes that the Y. lipolytica can be used as a promising platform for the production of nervonic acid and other very long-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ru Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Liu-Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Aihaiti M, Shi H, Liu Y, Hou C, Song X, Li M, Li J. Nervonic acid reduces the cognitive and neurological disturbances induced by combined doses of D-galactose/AlCl 3 in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5989-5998. [PMID: 37823115 PMCID: PMC10563680 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a kind of ultra-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid, which can repair nerve cell damage caused by oxidative stress. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a nervous system disease and often accompanied by the decline of learning and memory capacity. In this study, the combined dose of D-galactose/AlCl3 was used to establish a mouse model of AD. Meanwhile, the mice were treated with different doses of NA (10.95 and 43.93 mg/kg). The results showed that NA delayed the decline of locomotion and learning ability caused by D-galactose/AlCl3, increased the activity of total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced the content of malondialdehyde in vivo. Besides, NA reduced the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, increased the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, alleviated the cell morphology damage induced by D-galactose/AlCl3 in hippocampus and liver tissue. Furthermore, the intervention of NA upregulated the expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR genes and downregulated the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β genes. Therefore, we speculate the intervention of NA could be an effective way in improving cognitive impairment through the activation of PI3K signaling pathway. These results suggest that NA has the potential to be developed as antioxidant drug for the prevention and early therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayile Aihaiti
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Haidan Shi
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yaojie Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chen Hou
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Mengting Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
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Wang K, Lin L, Wei P, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Combining orthogonal plant and non-plant fatty acid biosynthesis pathways for efficient production of microbial oil enriched in nervonic acid in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 378:129012. [PMID: 37019413 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid has proven efficacy in brain development and the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, an alternative and sustainable strategy for nervonic acid-enriched plant oil production was established. Different β-ketoacyl-CoA synthases and heterologous Δ15 desaturase were co-expressed, combined with the deletion of the β-oxidation pathway to construct orthogonal plant and non-plant nervonic acid biosynthesis pathways in Yarrowia lipolytica. A "block-pull-restrain" strategy was further applied to improve the supply of stearic acid as the precursor of the non-plant pathway. Then, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase from Malania oleifera (MoLpaat) was identified, which showed specificity for nervonic acid. Endogenous LPAAT was exchanged by MoLPAAT resulted in 17.10 % nervonic acid accumulation. Finally, lipid metabolism was engineered and cofactor supply was increased to boost the lipid accumulation in a stable null-hyphal strain. The final strain produced 57.84 g/L oils with 23.44 % nervonic acid in fed-batch fermentation, which has the potential to substitute nervonic acid-enriched plant oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
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Li S, Su C, Fang M, Cai D, Deng L, Wang F, Liu J. Overproduction of palmitoleic acid from corn stover hydrolysate by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129211. [PMID: 37217143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (POA) has been widely applied to nutrition and pharmaceutical industry. However, high cost of scale-up fermentation restricts the extensive application of POA. Hence, we investigated the availability of corn stover hydrolysate (CSH) as carbon source in POA production by engineered S. cerevisiae. Although the yeast growth was inhibited to some extent by CSH, the POA production with CSH was slightly higher than that with pure glucose. The C/N ratio of 120 and addition of 1 g/L lysine raised the POA titer up to 2.19 g/L and 2.05 g/L, respectively. Two-stage cultivation could increase the POA titer by upregulating the gene expression of key enzymes in fatty acid synthesis pathway. A high POA content of 57.5% (v/v) and a highest POA titer of 6.56 g/L were achieved under the optimized conditions. These findings provide a feasible approach for sustainable production of POA or its derivatives from CSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changsheng Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mudannan Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Di Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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5
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Overproducing nervonic acid by synergism of fatty acid elongases in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu F, Wu R, Ma X, Su E. The Advancements and Prospects of Nervonic Acid Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12772-12783. [PMID: 36166330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a monounsaturated very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) and has been identified with critical biological functions in medical and health care for brain development and injury repair. Yet, the approaches to producing NA from the sources of plants or animals continue to pose challenges to meet increasing market demand, as they are generally associated with high costs, a lack of natural resources, a long life cycle, and low production efficiency. The recent technological advance in metabolic engineering allows us to precisely engineer oleaginous microbes to develop high-content NA-producing strains, which has the potential to provide a possible solution to produce NA on a commercial fermentation scale. In this Review, the biosynthetic pathway, natural sources, and metabolic engineering of NA are summarized. The strategies of metabolic engineering that could be adopted to modify oleaginous yeast to produce NA are discussed in detail, providing the prospecting views for the microbial cells producing NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Liu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Erzheng Su
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Zhang Y, Pang J, Liu S, Nie K, Deng L, Wang F, Liu J. Harnessing transcription factor Mga2 and fatty acid elongases to overproduce palmitoleic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Arita Y, Kim G, Li Z, Friesen H, Turco G, Wang RY, Climie D, Usaj M, Hotz M, Stoops EH, Baryshnikova A, Boone C, Botstein D, Andrews BJ, McIsaac RS. A genome-scale yeast library with inducible expression of individual genes. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e10207. [PMID: 34096681 PMCID: PMC8182650 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to switch a gene from off to on and monitor dynamic changes provides a powerful approach for probing gene function and elucidating causal regulatory relationships. Here, we developed and characterized YETI (Yeast Estradiol strains with Titratable Induction), a collection in which > 5,600 yeast genes are engineered for transcriptional inducibility with single-gene precision at their native loci and without plasmids. Each strain contains SGA screening markers and a unique barcode, enabling high-throughput genetics. We characterized YETI using growth phenotyping and BAR-seq screens, and we used a YETI allele to identify the regulon of Rof1, showing that it acts to repress transcription. We observed that strains with inducible essential genes that have low native expression can often grow without inducer. Analysis of data from eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems shows that native expression is a variable that can bias promoter-perturbing screens, including CRISPRi. We engineered a second expression system, Z3 EB42, that gives lower expression than Z3 EV, a feature enabling conditional activation and repression of lowly expressed essential genes that grow without inducer in the YETI library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Arita
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource ScienceWakoSaitamaJapan
| | - Griffin Kim
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Zhijian Li
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Helena Friesen
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Gina Turco
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Dale Climie
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Matej Usaj
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Manuel Hotz
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | | | - Charles Boone
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource ScienceWakoSaitamaJapan
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | | | - Brenda J Andrews
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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Liu F, Wang P, Xiong X, Zeng X, Zhang X, Wu G. A Review of Nervonic Acid Production in Plants: Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High Nervonic Acid Cultivars Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626625. [PMID: 33747006 PMCID: PMC7973461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that plays crucial roles in brain development and has attracted widespread research interest. The markets encouraged the development of a refined, NA-enriched plant oil as feedstocks for the needed further studies of NA biological functions to the end commercial application. Plant seed oils offer a renewable and environmentally friendly source of NA, but their industrial production is presently hindered by various factors. This review focuses on the NA biosynthesis and assembly, NA resources from plants, and the genetic engineering of NA biosynthesis in oil crops, discusses the factors that affect NA production in genetically engineered oil crops, and provides prospects for the application of NA and prospective trends in the engineering of NA. This review emphasizes the progress made toward various NA-related topics and explores the limitations and trends, thereby providing integrated and comprehensive insight into the nature of NA production mechanisms during genetic engineering. Furthermore, this report supports further work involving the manipulation of NA production through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding for the enhancement of crop nutritional quality or creation of plant biochemical factories to produce NA for use in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pandi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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