Feeding value improvement by co-fermentation of corn-ethanol co-product and agro-industrial residues with Rhizopus oryzae

Effects of Fermented Bamboo Powder Supplementation on Serum Biochemical Parameters, Immune Indices, and Fecal Microbial Composition in Growing-Finishing Pigs

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of fermented bamboo powder (FBP) on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, immunoglobulins and inflammatory cytokines, and fecal microbial composition of growing−finishing pigs. A total of 108 barrows (initial body weight, 56.30 ± 0.55 kg) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments in a 75 d trial, including a control (CON) diet and two FBP supplementation diets. The CON diet was formulated to three-phase diets according to the body weight of pigs, and the FBP diets were formulated used 5.00% (FBP1) or 10.00% (FBP2) FBP to replace the wheat bran in the CON diet, respectively. The results showed that there were no influences on growth performances between the CON diet and FBP addition diets, whereas the 5% FBP addition decreased the feed:gain of pigs compared to the pigs fed the FBP2 diet from d 0−75 (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the FBP addition increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) content in serum (linear, p < 0.05), and pigs fed the FBP1 diet had greater HDLC and IgA contents in serum than those in the pigs fed the CON diet (p < 0.05). Microbial analysis showed that the FBP addition diets decreased the abundance of Spirochaetes, and the FBP2 diet increased the abundance of Firmicutes more than the CON diet (p < 0.05). In addition, the pigs fed the FBP2 diet increased the abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group, and Lactobacillus more than the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the FBP supplementation to the diet had no negative effects on the growth performance and exerted beneficial effects on promoting serum biochemical and immune indices, as well as modulating the fecal microbiota of pigs. Therefore, these results showed that the fermented bamboo powder could be one potential fiber-rich ingredient for growing−finishing pigs, and that the recommended addition proportion in the growing−finishing pigs’ diet is 5%.

Nutrition Component Adjustment of Distilled Dried Grain with Solubles via Aspergillus niger and Its Change about Dynamic Physiological Metabolism

The low fiber digestibility and unbalanced amino acids restricted the use of DDGS in swine diets. Key nutrition components dynamic monitoring and key regulatory pathways analysis were performed to find the rules of nutrition changes for DDGS fermented by Aspergillus niger. Cellulose and hemicellulose were reduced to 15.3% and 15.2%. 1,4-D-Xylobiose was decreased from 16.8 μg/mL to 0.2 μg/mL. Lys, Arg, and Thr were increased to 3.00%, 2.89%, and 4.40%, and met the requirements of pigs. The whole fermentation process was divided into three stages. Cellulose degradation and Lys and Arg synthesis occurred in the early stage, while Asp synthesis occurred in the last stage. α-Ketoglutarate was the key factor for Aspergillus niger degrading cellulose to synthesize Lys and Arg. The key active metabolic pathways that respond to the changes in nutrition were identified which preliminarily revealed the rules of nutrition adjustment of DDGS during fermentation with Aspergillus niger.

Signature of dissolved organic matter and microbial communities based on different oxygen levels response during distillers dried grains with solubles plus sugarcane pith co-fermentations

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microbial communities during the co-fermentation of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and sugarcane pith at different oxygen levels. In aerobic fermentation (AF), the content of DOM decreased from 32.61 mg/g to 14.14 mg/g, and decreased from 32.61 mg/g to 30.83 mg/g in anaerobic fermentation (ANF). Phenols and alcohols were consumed first in AF, while lipids and proteins were consumed first in ANF. Degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in AF (6.67%, 39.93%, 36.50%) were higher than those in ANF (0.69%, 18.36%, 9.12%). Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota and Ascomycota were the main phyla in community. Distance-based redundancy analysis showed that pH, organic matter (OM) and DOM were the main driving factors of microbial community succession.