1
|
Gęca I, Korolczuk M. A Novel Eco-Friendly and Highly Sensitive Solid Lead-Tin Microelectrode for Trace U(VI) Determination in Natural Water Samples. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2552. [PMID: 36904757 PMCID: PMC10007126 DOI: 10.3390/s23052552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For the first time a solid state lead-tin microelectrode (diameter ϕ 25 µm) was utilized for U(VI) ion determination by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The described sensor is characterized by high durability, reusability and eco-friendly features, as the need for using lead and tin ions for metal film preplating has been eliminated, and consequently, the amount of toxic waste has been limited. The advantages of the developed procedure resulted also from the utilization of a microelectrode as a working electrode, because a restricted amount of metals is needed for its construction. Moreover, field analysis is possible to perform thanks to the fact that measurements can be carried out from unmixed solutions. The analytical procedure was optimized. The proposed procedure is characterized by two orders of magnitude linear dynamic range of U(VI) determination from 1 × 10-9 to 1 × 10-7 mol L-1 (120 s of accumulation). The detection limit was calculated to be 3.9 × 10-10 mol L-1 (accumulation time of 120 s). RSD% calculated from seven subsequent U(VI) determinations at a concentration of 2 × 10-8 mol L-1 was 3.5%. The correctness of the analytical procedure was confirmed by analyzing a natural certified reference material.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang L, Zhang T, Zhou H, Yan F, Liu Y. Silica nanochannels boosting Ru(bpy)32+-mediated electrochemical sensor for the detection of guanine in beer and pharmaceutical samples. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987442. [PMID: 36110406 PMCID: PMC9468770 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertically ordered mesoporous silica film (VMSF) with uniform mesoporous channels perpendicular to electrode substrate has a wide range of applications in direct electroanalysis of complex samples. However, the detection of nucleic acid bases is difficult to realize at the commonly used VMSF-modified indium tin oxide (VMSF/ITO) electrode due to the high overpotentials of underlying ITO for many small organic molecules. In this work, we demonstrated an electrochemical method for the sensitive detection of guanine (G) by integration of VMSF/ITO and tris(2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium (II) [Ru(bpy)32+] redox mediator. Ru(bpy)32+ electrostatically accumulated by VMSF is able to act as an electron shuttle between G and underlying ITO surface, showing electrocatalytic oxidation of G and enabling the quantitative determination of G with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.058 μM and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.2 μM. Electrochemical detection performance for G could be regulated by changing the pH of the supporting electrolyte and the content of Ru(bpy)32+, achieving a wide dynamic linear range from 0.2 to 10 μM (R2 = 0.999), 2 to 100 μM (R2 = 0.999), and 10 to 500 μM (R2 = 0.998). Furthermore, owing to the good anti-fouling and anti-interference ability of VMSF, this simply sensing strategy can be applied to the direct and rapid detection of G in beer samples, and the detection of ganciclovir (G analog) content in ganciclovir eye drops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luoxing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaxu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Yan,
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Yan Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu X, Xuan L, Gong J, Liu J, Wang X, Xi F, Chen J. Three-dimensional macroscopic graphene supported vertically-ordered mesoporous silica-nanochannel film for direct and ultrasensitive detection of uric acid in serum. Talanta 2022; 238:123027. [PMID: 34857346 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct, rapid and sensitive detection of physiologically-relevant active small molecules (ASMs) in complex biological samples is highly desirable. Herein, we present an electrochemical sensing platform by combining three-dimensional macroscopic graphene (3DG) and vertically-ordered mesoporous silica-nanochannel film (VMSF), which is able to directly detect ASMs in complex samples with high sensitivity and no need of tedious pretreatment. Free-standing and macroscopic 3DG serves as the supporting electrode and O2-plasma treatment is proposed as a simple and green approach to improve its hydrophilicity and electrochemical activity. The plasma-treated 3DG (pl-3DG) is suitable for stable modification of VMSF using electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method, conferring the electrode (VMSF/pl-3DG) with excellent anti-fouling properties. As the proof-of-concept demonstration, VMSF/pl-3DG sensor exhibits fast and ultrasensitive determination of uric acid (UA) with ultralow limit of detection (LOD, 23 nM) owing to high active surface, unhindered mass transfer, good electrical transfer of 3DG and signal amplification of VMSF nanochannel. Direct determination of UA in biological sample (serum) is also realized without the need of tedious pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhu
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Lingli Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Jiawei Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Fengna Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan F, Luo T, Jin Q, Zhou H, Sailjoi A, Dong G, Liu J, Tang W. Tailoring molecular permeability of vertically-ordered mesoporous silica-nanochannel films on graphene for selectively enhanced determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers in environmental water samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124636. [PMID: 33248825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate a simple and rapid electrochemical method for selectively enhanced determination of catechol (CC) or hydroquinone (HQ) isomers in environmental water samples by tailoring the molecular permeability of vertically-ordered mesoporous silica-nanochannel films on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (VMSF/ErGO). Such VMSF/ErGO composite film was fabricated on the gold electrode (AuE) surface using electrochemically assisted self-assembly approach. The as-prepared electrodes with surfactant micelles (SM) template inside silica nanochannels, designed as SM/VMSF/ErGO/AuE, possess hydrophobic hydrocarbon cores and show preferential response to CC via hydrophobic effect. After removing SM from silica nanochannels, the obtained VMSF/ErGO/AuE displays more sensitive response to HQ, which is due to the hydrogen bond effect between the silanol groups of silica walls and HQ. Given the potential-resolved and high electrocatalytic ability of ErGO, and molecular permeability and anti-fouling ability of VMSF, these two present sensors could detect CC and HQ in lake water with a low limit of detection (18 nM for CC and 16 nM for HQ), and a high sensitivity (0.33 μA/μM for CC and 0.37 μA/μM for HQ), without complicated sample pretreatment. Moreover, the proposed sensors provide a convenient, rapid and economic way for direct analysis of environmental water samples, exhibiting excellent long-term stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Qifan Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Huaxu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Ajabkhan Sailjoi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Guotao Dong
- Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Weizhong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tercier-Waeber ML, Abdou M, Fighera M, Kowal J, Bakker E, van der Wal P. In Situ Voltammetric Sensor of Potentially Bioavailable Inorganic Mercury in Marine Aquatic Systems Based on Gel-Integrated Nanostructured Gold-Based Microelectrode Arrays. ACS Sens 2021; 6:925-937. [PMID: 33599131 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development and field validation of newly designed nanostructured gold-plated gel-integrated microelectrode (Au-GIME) arrays applied to the direct in situ square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) quantification of the potentially bioavailable inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) species in the coastal area are presented. The Au-GIME consists of arrays of 100-500 interconnected iridium (Ir)-based microdisks that are electroplated with renewable Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) or Au nanofilaments (AuNFs) and covered with an agarose gel. The gel protects the sensor surface from fouling and ensures that mass transport of analytes toward the sensor surface is by pure diffusion only and therefore independent of the ill-controlled convective conditions of the media. The responses of these sensors to direct SWASV measurements of inorganic Hg(II) at near-neutral pH were investigated first in synthetic media and then in UV-irradiated marine samples. The analytical responses were found to be correlated to the number of interconnected microelectrodes and the morphology of the nanostructured Au deposits and independent of the media composition for chloride concentration ≥0.2 M (salinity S ≥ 13) and pH ranging from 7 to 8.5. The AuNF-GIMEs have detection and quantification limits at a low pM level, fulfilling the requirement of sentinel tools for real-time monitoring of the dynamic fraction of Hg(II) in coastal area. The AuNF-GIMEs were incorporated in an in-house advanced multichannel sensing probe for remote in situ high-resolution trace metal monitoring. Field evaluation and validation were successfully performed as a part of a field study in Arcachon Bay (France), from which environmental data are presented. This work marks the first time that an autonomous electrochemical sensing probe successfully measures Hg(II) and its hourly temporal variation in situ without chemical modification of the sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Lou Tercier-Waeber
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Melina Abdou
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Fighera
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2002 Neuchâtel 2, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Kowal
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Peter van der Wal
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2002 Neuchâtel 2, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang M, Lin J, Gong J, Ma M, Tang H, Liu J, Yan F. Rapid and sensitive determination of doxorubicin in human whole blood by vertically-ordered mesoporous silica film modified electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrodes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9021-9028. [PMID: 35423372 PMCID: PMC8695326 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10000e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct and accurate detection of doxorubicin (DOX) in unprocessed human whole blood is of vital importance in medical diagnosis and monitoring. In this work, we demonstrate the utilization of electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrodes (p-GCE) modified with vertically-ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF) for rapid and sensitive electrochemical detection of DOX. The electrochemically pretreated process is a simple, cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for improving interface catalytic properties and introducing oxygen-containing groups into the GCE surface, which could be suitable for stably growing VMSF without any adhesive layer simultaneously retaining the underlying electrode activity. Benefiting from the highly sensitive electrode substrate of p-GCE and electrostatic preconcentration effect of VMSF, the present VMSF/p-GCE sensor was able to determine DOX with an ultrahigh sensitivity (23.94 μA μM-1) and a relatively low limit of detection (0.2 nM) and a rather wide linear range (0.5 nM to 23 μM). Furthermore, direct and reliable electrochemical detection of DOX in human whole blood without complicated sample pretreatments was achieved owing to the excellent anti-fouling and anti-interference ability of VMSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone Hangzhou 310018 PR China
| | - Jing Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530023 China
| | - Jiawei Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone Hangzhou 310018 PR China
| | - Mingchen Ma
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530020 China
| | - Hongliang Tang
- Affiliated Fangchenggang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Fangchenggang 538001 China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone Hangzhou 310018 PR China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone Hangzhou 310018 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xuan L, Liao W, Wang M, Zhou H, Ding Y, Yan F, Liu J, Tang H, Xi F. Integration of vertically-ordered mesoporous silica-nanochannel film with electro-activated glassy carbon electrode for improved electroanalysis in complex samples. Talanta 2020; 225:122066. [PMID: 33592785 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vertically-ordered mesoporous silica-nanochannel films (VMSF) with highly ordered nanochannels, uniform and adjustable pore size, ultra-thin thickness, and high porosity, have attracted considerable attention in analysis, molecular separation, catalysis, and nanomaterial synthesis. However, their widespread applications in practical electrochemical sensing are largely limited by the poor adhesion to common electrode materials, especially the lack of highly active substrate electrode to equip mechanically stable VMSF. Herein, we report a facile strategy to fabricate VMSF on widely used sensing electrodes without the use of any chemical adhesive for developing superior VMSF based electrochemical sensors. We demonstrate that simple electrochemical polarization (anodic polarization and subsequent cathodic reduction) to activate glassy carbon electrode (GCE) can generate a suitable surface environment allowing direct growth of stable VMSF on such pre-activated GCE (p-GCE) via electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA). Compared to traditional VMSF electrodes with ITO or organosilane grafted GCE as substrate, the developed VMSF/p-GCE exhibits much higher electrochemical response to four redox biomarkers (norepinephrine, dopamine, tryptophan, and uric acid). In-depth insights on mechanisms of the high electrochemical activity and incorporation stability of VMSF/p-GCE are made. We further demonstrate the VMSF/p-GCE can be employed to detect dopamine in real serum samples with exceptional sensitivity, low detection potential, as well as superior anti-interference and anti-fouling performance. In addition, high selectivity is realized as the common co-existing interference substances (ascorbic acid-AA and uric acid-UA) do not interfere with the detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Wenyan Liao
- Affiliated International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, PR China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Huaxu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Yao Ding
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530020, PR China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Hongliang Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, PR China.
| | - Fengna Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou P, Yao L, Su B. Fabrication, Characterization, and Analytical Application of Silica Nanopore Array-Modified Platinum Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4143-4149. [PMID: 31886640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a new approach to fabricate the nanopore array electrode (NAE) by transferring silica nanochannel membrane (SNM) to the surface of Pt electrode (0.5 mm in diameter) sealed by glass capillary (designated as Pt-NAE for simplicity). The SNM is supported via the irreversible covalent-bond formation with the surrounding glass capillary treated by plasma, thus providing long-term stability to Pt-NAE. Meanwhile, this fabrication process does not require pregrafting or premodification of Pt electrode surface, providing well-defined active surface domains. Thanks to the small pore diameter (∼2.3 nm) and negatively charged channel walls, the SNM is permselective and thus the electrochemical behavior of Pt-NAE is dependent on both electrolyte concentration and charge state of redox molecules. The permeability of SNM was determined by the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach curve measurements coupled with finite-element simulations from a quantitative viewpoint. The permeability of anionic Ru(CN)64- was varied from 150 to 10.3 μm s-1 as the electrolyte concentration decreased from 1.0 to 0.01 M, while there is no obvious change for cationic Ru(NH3)63+. Finally, the as-prepared Pt-NAE is able to continuously monitor dissolved oxygen for up to 2 h in a solution containing biofouling reagents, exhibiting an enhanced antifouling ability and therefore excellent current stability. We believe the NAE with unique mass transport properties can be extended further for other analytical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Lina Yao
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma X, Liao W, Zhou H, Tong Y, Yan F, Tang H, Liu J. Highly sensitive detection of rutin in pharmaceuticals and human serum using ITO electrodes modified with vertically-ordered mesoporous silica–graphene nanocomposite films. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10630-10636. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01996h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A vertically-ordered silica–graphene nanocomposite film modified transparent ITO electrode was prepared by a one-step electrodeposition method for antifouling detection of rutin in pharmaceuticals and human serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- 928 Second Avenue
- Xiasha Higher Education Zone
- Hangzhou
| | - Wenyan Liao
- Affiliated International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanning
- P. R. China
| | - Huaxu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- 928 Second Avenue
- Xiasha Higher Education Zone
- Hangzhou
| | - Yun Tong
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- 928 Second Avenue
- Xiasha Higher Education Zone
- Hangzhou
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- 928 Second Avenue
- Xiasha Higher Education Zone
- Hangzhou
| | - Hongliang Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanning
- P. R. China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- 928 Second Avenue
- Xiasha Higher Education Zone
- Hangzhou
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fabrication and evaluation of a carbon quantum dot/gold nanoparticle nanohybrid material integrated onto planar micro gold electrodes for potential bioelectrochemical sensing applications. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|