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Jaeger SR, Cardello AV. Factors affecting data quality of online questionnaires: Issues and metrics for sensory and consumer research. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rusou Z, Diamant I. Adhering to COVID-19 health guidelines: A behavioral-failure perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:916960. [PMID: 35983214 PMCID: PMC9378841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.916960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitigation of pandemics like that caused by the current COVID-19 virus is largely dependent on voluntary public adherence to government rules and regulations. Recent research has identified various individual covariates that account for some of the variance in compliance with COVID-19 behavioral guidelines. However, despite considerable research, our understanding of how and why these factors are related to adherence behavior is limited. Additionally, it is less clear whether disease-transmitting behaviors during a pandemic can be understood in terms of more general behavioral tendencies. The current research has examined the utility of a behavioral-failure lens in predicting adherence to COVID-19 guidelines and in illuminating mechanisms underlying the previously established relationship between Conscientiousness and adherence. In the two studies reported here, individual variations in the predisposition to behavioral failures predicted adherence to COVID-19 measures, and mediated the relationships between Conscientiousness and adherence. The Failure Proneness (FP) questionnaire predicted compliance with COVID-19 guidelines, while the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ) did not. The results of hierarchical regressions showed that COVID-19 behavior was predicted only through the intentional factors (and mainly by Noncompliance-Violations). Hence, our data lend support to the notion that noncompliance with official COVID-19 prevention guidelines is driven mainly by intentional factors related to violation of norms and rules. The theoretical and practical implications of this finding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Rusou
- Department of Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Irene Diamant
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- *Correspondence: Irene Diamant,
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Watson LM, Beshai S. Causal explanations of depression on perceptions of and likelihood to choose cognitive behavioural therapy and antidepressant medications as depression treatments. Psychol Psychother 2021; 94:201-216. [PMID: 32755009 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research examined whether people's causal explanations of depression were associated with acceptability and efficacy-related treatment perceptions and likelihood to choose cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medication (ADM) as depression treatments. DESIGN A cross-sectional internet-based design was used. METHODS A general population sample was used over a clinical sample to study those who had not yet chosen to enter treatment. A total of 422 individuals were recruited through a crowdsourcing platform to complete an online survey. Measures included perceived causes of depression, perceived acceptability, efficacy and choice likelihood for ADM and CBT, and demographics. RESULTS Those with biological causal explanations of depression were more favourable towards ADM on all three perceptual measures of acceptability, efficacy and likelihood to choose ADM as a treatment for depression. Personality/character-related causal explanations of depression were positively related to perceived efficacy and likelihood to choose CBT as a depression treatment. Those endorsing environmental stress causes of depression were more likely to choose CBT as a treatment for depression. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that people's beliefs about the causes of depression were related to their perceptions of and likelihoods to choose ADM and CBT as depression treatments. PRACTITIONER POINTS Provides evidence of how different causal explanations of depression influence sufferers' likelihoods to choose ADM and CBT as possible treatments for their depression. Provides support for exploring potential patients' causal explanations about depression prior to recommending a treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Watson
- Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shadi Beshai
- Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Brühlmann F, Petralito S, Aeschbach LF, Opwis K. The quality of data collected online: An investigation of careless responding in a crowdsourced sample. METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.metip.2020.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ensuring Inclusion and Diversity in Research and Research Output: A Case for a Language-Sensitive NLP Crowdsourcing Platform. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the debate on the need to place citizens at the center of the technological revolution, this paper makes a case for a natural language processing (NLP) crowdsourcing platform that ensures inclusion and diversity, thus making the research outcome relevant and applicable across issues and domains. This paper also makes the case that by enabling participation for a wide variety of stakeholders, this NLP crowdsourcing platform might ultimately prove useful in the decision- and policy-making processes at city, community, and country levels. Against the backdrop of the debates on artificial intelligence (AI) and NLP research, and considering substantial differentiation specific to the Arab language, this paper introduces and evaluates an Arab language-sensitive NLP crowdsourcing platform. The value of the platform and its accuracy are measured via the System Usability Scale (SUS), where it scores 72.5, i.e., above the accepted usability average. These findings are crucial for NLP research and the research community in general. They are equally promising in view of the practical application of the research findings.
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Chahar Mahali S, Beshai S, Feeney JR, Mishra S. Associations of negative cognitions, emotional regulation, and depression symptoms across four continents: International support for the cognitive model of depression. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:18. [PMID: 31931769 PMCID: PMC6958702 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most widely tested and empirically supported psychological treatments for depression. Beck and other scholars established the theoretical foundations of CBT among North American populations, yet surprisingly few studies have examined central hypotheses of the cognitive model of depression among people living in non-Western regions. METHODS In the present study, we used the alignment method to minimize measurement bias to examine several central hypotheses of the cognitive model among adults living on four continents (n = 752): North America (n = 103; female = 29.1%), Europe (n = 404; female = 36.4%), South America (n = 108; female = 18.5%), and Asia (n = 136; female = 19.9%). RESULTS Depressive symptoms were positively and strongly correlated with negative automatic thoughts about self (ATQ-N), and moderately associated with dysfunctional attitudes (DAS) among people living on the four continents. Further, use of emotional suppression strategies to regulate emotion (ERQ-Suppression) was moderately and positively associated with depressive symptoms among people on all four continents, while use of cognitive-reappraisal (ERQ-Reappraisal) was not systematically associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study offer preliminary cross-continental support for foundational hypotheses of the cognitive model of depression. Negative thoughts appear to be associated with depression in all regions of the world, cementing this construct as a hallmark feature of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Chahar Mahali
- 0000 0004 1936 9131grid.57926.3fDepartment of Psychology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S0A2 Canada
| | - Shadi Beshai
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S0A2, Canada.
| | - Justin R. Feeney
- 0000 0004 1936 9131grid.57926.3fFaculty of Business Administration, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Sandeep Mishra
- 0000 0004 1936 8198grid.34429.38Department of Management, Lang School of Business and Economics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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Granger S, Neville L, Turner N. Political knowledge at work: Conceptualization, measurement, and applications to follower proactivity. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Granger
- Haskayne School of Business University of Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Lukas Neville
- Asper School of Business University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business University of Calgary Alberta Canada
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Bazilinskyy P, de Winter J. Crowdsourced Measurement of Reaction Times to Audiovisual Stimuli With Various Degrees of Asynchrony. HUMAN FACTORS 2018; 60:1192-1206. [PMID: 30036098 PMCID: PMC6207992 DOI: 10.1177/0018720818787126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to replicate past research concerning reaction times to audiovisual stimuli with different stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) using a large sample of crowdsourcing respondents. BACKGROUND Research has shown that reaction times are fastest when an auditory and a visual stimulus are presented simultaneously and that SOA causes an increase in reaction time, this increase being dependent on stimulus intensity. Research on audiovisual SOA has been conducted with small numbers of participants. METHOD Participants ( N = 1,823) each performed 176 reaction time trials consisting of 29 SOA levels and three visual intensity levels, using CrowdFlower, with a compensation of US$0.20 per participant. Results were verified with a local Web-in-lab study ( N = 34). RESULTS The results replicated past research, with a V shape of mean reaction time as a function of SOA, the V shape being stronger for lower-intensity visual stimuli. The level of SOA affected mainly the right side of the reaction time distribution, whereas the fastest 5% was hardly affected. The variability of reaction times was higher for the crowdsourcing study than for the Web-in-lab study. CONCLUSION Crowdsourcing is a promising medium for reaction time research that involves small temporal differences in stimulus presentation. The observed effects of SOA can be explained by an independent-channels mechanism and also by some participants not perceiving the auditory or visual stimulus, hardware variability, misinterpretation of the task instructions, or lapses in attention. APPLICATION The obtained knowledge on the distribution of reaction times may benefit the design of warning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Bazilinskyy
- Pavlo Bazilinskyy, Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, the Netherlands; e-mail:
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Beshai S, Mishra S, Mishra S, Carleton RN. Personal relative deprivation associated with functional disorders via stress: An examination of fibromyalgia and gastrointestinal symptoms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189666. [PMID: 29281686 PMCID: PMC5744949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal relative deprivation is a negative social comparison process typified by self-comparison, negative appraisal, and resultant negative emotionality. Personal relative deprivation has been associated with poorer physical and mental health in several domains. It has been hypothesized that the deprivation-health link operates through a stress pathway. Stress has been specifically implicated in the onset and maintenance of functional disorders, including fibromyalgia and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Despite the theoretical links between personal deprivation, stress, and functional disorders, researchers have not assessed relationships between these variables. METHODS We recruited community participants (n = 517; 54.9% female) to examine whether personal relative deprivation can account for variance in fibromyalgia and functional gastrointestinal symptoms beyond known demographic correlates of physical health. We also examined whether the relationships between personal relative deprivation and functional disorder symptoms are mediated by stress. RESULTS Consistent with our hypotheses, personal relative deprivation accounted for symptom variance in fibromyalgia and functional gastrointestinal disorders beyond that accounted for by demographic variables alone. Further, self-reported stress was found to mediate relationships between personal relative deprivation and fibromyalgia and gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The current results support biopsychosocial models of physical health and suggest that, for patients presenting with functional disorders symptoms, a combination of biological and psychosocial interventions may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Beshai
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Sanju Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sandeep Mishra
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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Bazilinskyy P, de Winter JCF. Analyzing crowdsourced ratings of speech-based take-over requests for automated driving. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 64:56-64. [PMID: 28610814 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Take-over requests in automated driving should fit the urgency of the traffic situation. The robustness of various published research findings on the valuations of speech-based warning messages is unclear. This research aimed to establish how people value speech-based take-over requests as a function of speech rate, background noise, spoken phrase, and speaker's gender and emotional tone. By means of crowdsourcing, 2669 participants from 95 countries listened to a random 10 out of 140 take-over requests, and rated each take-over request on urgency, commandingness, pleasantness, and ease of understanding. Our results replicate several published findings, in particular that an increase in speech rate results in a monotonic increase of perceived urgency. The female voice was easier to understand than a male voice when there was a high level of background noise, a finding that contradicts the literature. Moreover, a take-over request spoken with Indian accent was found to be easier to understand by participants from India than by participants from other countries. Our results replicate effects in the literature regarding speech-based warnings, and shed new light on effects of background noise, gender, and nationality. The results may have implications for the selection of appropriate take-over requests in automated driving. Additionally, our study demonstrates the promise of crowdsourcing for testing human factors and ergonomics theories with large sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bazilinskyy
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - J C F de Winter
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Beshai S, Mishra S, Meadows TJS, Parmar P, Huang V. Minding the gap: Subjective relative deprivation and depressive symptoms. Soc Sci Med 2016; 173:18-25. [PMID: 27914314 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence has linked depressive symptoms to various indices of societal-level inequality and relative deprivation. A larger literature has also addressed cognitive vulnerability and correlates of depression. Despite this evidence, little research to date has examined the relationship of depressive symptoms with such downstream individual-level consequences of inequality as subjective relative deprivation, or whether relative deprivation is associated with cognitive vulnerability in depression. We conducted two investigations among four separate samples (total N = 2999) to examine associations between subjective relative deprivation and depressive symptoms and cognitions. Across our studies and four different self-report measures of depressive symptoms, we found consistent significant positive associations between subjective relative deprivation and depression symptoms. Further, we found that subjective relative deprivation was predictive of depressive symptoms over and above other known vulnerability factors. Finally, we found that the relationship between subjective relative deprivation and depressive symptoms was fully mediated by negative automatic thoughts about self. These results provide further evidence of the importance of subjective deprivation in maintaining negative mental health outcomes.
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