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Cheung K, Cheung W, Liu Y, Ye H, Lv L, Zhou Y. Establishment of a 3D esthetic analysis workflow on 3D virtual patient and preliminary evaluation. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:328. [PMID: 38475773 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In esthetic dentistry, a thorough esthetic analysis holds significant role in both diagnosing diseases and designing treatment plans. This study established a 3D esthetic analysis workflow based on 3D facial and dental models, and aimed to provide an imperative foundation for the artificial intelligent 3D analysis in future esthetic dentistry. METHODS The established 3D esthetic analysis workflow includes the following steps: 1) key point detection, 2) coordinate system redetermination and 3) esthetic parameter calculation. The accuracy and reproducibility of this established workflow were evaluated by a self-controlled experiment (n = 15) in which 2D esthetic analysis and direct measurement were taken as control. Measurement differences between 3D and 2D analysis were evaluated with paired t-tests. RESULTS 3D esthetic analysis demonstrated high consistency and reliability (0.973 < ICC < 1.000). Compared with 2D measurements, the results from 3D esthetic measurements were closer to direct measurements regarding tooth-related esthetic parameters (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 3D esthetic analysis workflow established for 3D virtual patients demonstrated a high level of consistency and reliability, better than 2D measurements in the precision of tooth-related parameter analysis. These findings indicate a highly promising outlook for achieving an objective, precise, and efficient esthetic analysis in the future, which is expected to result in a more streamlined and user-friendly digital design process. This study was registered with the Ethics Committee of Peking University School of Stomatology in September 2021 with the registration number PKUSSIRB-202168136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwantong Cheung
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Waisze Cheung
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongqiang Ye
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Segundo ÂRTC, Saraiva S, de Castro C, Sesma N, Bohner L, Andretti FL, Coachman C. CAD-CAM natural restorations-Reproducing nature using a digital workflow. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:993-1000. [PMID: 36815432 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Natural restorations combine digital workflow and shell technique to create CAD/CAM restorations with the form and texture of natural teeth. This case report describes an interdisciplinary digital workflow combined with CAD/CAM natural restorations to achieve the naturalness of an anterior rehabilitation. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS A 38-year-old patient attended to the office with esthetic issues. An interdisciplinary treatment plan was conducted, which included periodontal surgery to recreate the gingival contour, associated with bleaching and manufacturing CAD/CAM ceramic veneers to return an optimal teeth surface texture and shape. CONCLUSIONS The design and manufacturing of CAD/CAM natural restorations using a digital workflow allowed a predictable result and overcame the limitations of conventional shell technique. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conventional shell technique is used to create restorations with the form and texture of natural teeth. This article presents a combination of the conventional shell technique with a digital workflow, facilitating the design and manufacturing of CAD/CAM natural restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Newton Sesma
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauren Bohner
- Department of Cranio and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabio Luiz Andretti
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Coachman
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sampaio CS, Belfus J, Avila A, Cordero C, Freitte M, Ferrari V, Atria PJ, Jorquera G. Effect of different fabrication steps on color and translucency of a CAD-CAM feldspathic ceramic. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:1038-1044. [PMID: 34060216 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate color differences (ΔE) of different fabrication steps performed on a feldspathic ceramic and relative translucency parameter (RTP) after glazing; and to evaluate their effects on the color parameters: L*, a* and b*. MATERIAL AND METHODS Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) feldspathic maxillary right central incisor ceramic crowns (Cerec Blocs; 1.4 mm thickness) were fabricated through scanning a model preparation and milling. A total of 20 specimens were used and different parameters were compared with each other for color difference (ΔE): original block, milling, polishing, glazing and try-in cements; RTP was measured after glazing. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were evaluated after each step with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V) and compared using the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analyses were done using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests. RESULTS The highest ΔE value was observed for Original versus Milling group (4.73) and the lowest for Polishing versus Glazing (0.49). RTP after glazing presented a value of 12.01. L*, a*, and b* parameters were different among groups. Milling group was the one that presented more differences compared to the Original block regarding L*, a*, and b* parameters. CONCLUSIONS Different fabrication steps resulted in perceptible color differences within themselves, and L*, a*, and b* parameters changed according to each step. All milling specimens presented unacceptable color differences when compared to the other steps, and milling specimens showed all color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) statistically different compared to the Original block. A high RTP value was observed, demonstrating that, at 1.4 mm thickness, the feldspathic ceramic presented high translucency, showing that opacification of substrate might be necessary. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Different fabrication steps can greatly affect the optical properties of the feldspathic ceramic restoration studied and cause a relevant impact when compared to the ceramic block itself. Crowns evaluated right after milling presented the highest color differences. In order to obtain optical properties as close as possible to the original feldspathic ceramic block, either polishing or polishing and glazing needs to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Sampaio
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joyce Belfus
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anai Avila
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Cordero
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Freitte
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vanina Ferrari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo J Atria
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gilbert Jorquera
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Ye H, Wang KP, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Four-dimensional digital prediction of the esthetic outcome and digital implementation for rehabilitation in the esthetic zone. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 123:557-563. [PMID: 31383524 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A technique for 4-dimensional (4D) digital prediction of the outcome of esthetic dentistry for a virtual patient is presented. Static 3D images (which incorporate predicted precise dentition and facial soft tissue in different smiling positions) can be converted into dynamic 3D images by using 3D intraoral imaging, 3D face imaging, and various computer software programs. This strategy can improve the visual perception and quality of esthetic prediction. In addition, the predicted esthetic outcome can be implemented by replicating the contour and shape of digital wax patterns in the definitive ceramic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Ye
- Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kuan-Paul Wang
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yushu Liu
- Resident, The Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.
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Petre A, Drafta S, Stefanescu C, Oancea L. Virtual facebow technique using standardized background images. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 121:724-728. [PMID: 30580985 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The procedure described provides a novel and accessible virtual facebow transfer based on standardized photographs loaded in the virtual articulator module of a computer-assisted design and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD-CAM) software program for dental applications. The practical application of the technique in a digital workflow is the correct alignment of the digital maxillary cast to the virtual articulator with respect to the patient's planes and the skin markings of the condylar axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Petre
- Professor, Occlusion and Fixed Prosthodontic Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sergiu Drafta
- Senior Lecturer, Occlusion and Fixed Prosthodontic Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Stefanescu
- Resident in Prosthodontics, Occlusion and Fixed Prosthodontic Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Oancea
- Lecturer, Occlusion and Fixed Prosthodontic Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
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Vandenberghe B. The digital patient – Imaging science in dentistry. J Dent 2018; 74 Suppl 1:S21-S26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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