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Annamma LM, Hattori M, Ali IE, Dsouza J, Waqar A, Chugh A, Sumita YI. Frequently used extraoral maxillofacial prosthetic materials and their longevity - A comprehensive review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2024; 60:137-147. [PMID: 38595985 PMCID: PMC11001625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The longevity of an extraoral prosthesis depends on its physical and mechanical properties and user maintenance. Faced with multiple outcome measures, researchers find it difficult to determine the most appropriate extraoral prosthetic material. This comprehensive review evaluates the most used extraoral prosthesis materials and qualitatively assesses their longevity and function. The study aims to identify and interpret the results of current updates on the factors that affect longevity and functionality. This comprehensive review summarizes and evaluates differences in the properties of commonly used extraoral maxillofacial prosthetic materials. The review was planned to focus on all factors related to the longevity and function of the extraoral maxillofacial prosthetics. An electronic search covered English articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and grey literature. Manual searching was also performed. Six authors participated in the screening. Search engines extracted 1107 records, and 88 studies were included for qualitative and bias assessments. Silicones are the most frequently used extraoral maxillofacial prosthetic materials. Heat-cured silicones are more color-stable than those cured at room temperature. Additional ingredients and processing techniques affect prosthesis longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovely M. Annamma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariko Hattori
- Advanced Prosthodontics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Islam E. Ali
- Advanced Prosthodontics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jovita Dsouza
- Department of Periodontics, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anam Waqar
- AI Hayat Medical Center, UmAl Quain, UAE
| | - Anshul Chugh
- Advanced Prosthodontics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka I. Sumita
- Division of General Dentistry 4, Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Chugh A, Hattori M, Aboelez MA, Sumita YI, Wakabayashi N. Assessment of the color stability of two silicone elastomers for maxillofacial prostheses upon exposure to cold beverages. J Oral Sci 2024; 66:116-119. [PMID: 38447982 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the color stability of different commercially available silicone materials for facial prostheses upon exposure to everyday beverages. It was hypothesized that the beverages would not alter the color of the silicone under conditions simulating daily exposure. METHODS Sixty specimens were fabricated using two materials - VST-50 and Silfy - and exposed to commercially available cold mineral water, tea, or coffee. Specimen color was evaluated on days 1 and 15. The color was measured with a spectrophotometer based on CIELab system and color differences were calculated as ΔE. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The mean ΔE values after 15 days of exposure to mineral water, cold green tea, and coffee were 1.016, 3.480, and 3.636 for VST-50 and 0.440, 0.798, and 1.425 for Silfy, respectively. Both materials showed significant differences in color, and VST-50 showed a greater color change than Silfy, especially for coffee. CONCLUSION Pigmented silicone elastomers have low color stability, leading to an overall color change in silicone prostheses when exposed to pigmented beverages. Color changes in such prostheses can be mitigated by selecting materials with better color stability to extend their longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Chugh
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences
| | - Mariko Hattori
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Marwa A Aboelez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University
| | - Yuka I Sumita
- Division of General Dentistry 4, The Nippon Dental University Hospital
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Shah KK, Rajaraman V, Veeraiyan DN, Maiti S. A Systematic Review on Maxillofacial Prosthesis with Respect to Their Color Stability. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2024; 34:43-53. [PMID: 38505893 DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2023048802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and analyze the findings of various studies that analyzed the changes in the color stability of maxillofacial prosthetic materials after the addition of various colorants and nanoparticles and assess the change in color after being subjected to either natural or artificial accelerated aging as well as outdoor aging. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of transparent reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA Statement). The primary objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the color stability of maxillofacial prosthesis. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of various colorants; pigments; opacifiers; UV absorbers-such as inorganic colorants (dry earth pigments); metal oxides; and organic colorants. The time period of the included studies extended from 2013 to 2023. Electronic database search identified a total of 217 studies. Ten studies were included to meet the research question. All 10 included studies analyzed the effect of various colorants and their exposure to various aging and weathering conditions. It was found that various pigments and nanoparticles had an effect on the color stability. Also weathering and aging conditions had a direct effect on the color stability as well. In terms of disinfection, although there was not much color difference observed, highest change in color stability was observed when rubbing or brushing of the prosthesis was carried out. In conclusion, the color stability of maxillofacial prosthetics is a critical factor that influences both patient satisfaction and the overall cosmetic look. The potential of pigments and nanoparticles to enhance the color stability of silicone-based maxillofacial prosthesis has received much research. By avoiding color fading and discoloration brought on by environmental variables including UV radiation, aging, and chemical exposure, the inclusion of various pigments and nanoparticles has been demonstrated to improve the color stability of silicone maxillofacial prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vaishnavi Rajaraman
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Nallaswamy Veeraiyan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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K K G, K HK, Ravichandran R, V P, S K, Jinesh KB, Mathew OP, Ananthakumar S, Mohammed ASP. Effect of titanium dioxide nanocoating on the colour stability of room temperature vulcanizing maxillofacial silicone-an invitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7799-7807. [PMID: 37919552 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of an oxide nanocoating to prevent colour degradation of maxillofacial silicone elastomers following accelerated ageing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens (N = 40) of specified dimensions were fabricated in Factor II room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone and processed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Two groups were classified with 20 specimens each. Specimens in the first group were coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) by atomic layer deposition technology. The colour stability test was conducted with a UV-VIS spectrometer (Schimadzu) for both titanium dioxide nanocoated and uncoated specimen groups after subjecting them to accelerated ageing. It was analysed using the CIE L*a*b method. RESULTS The average colour change was highest for uncoated specimens (2.868), and the average colour change for titanium dioxide-coated specimens was significantly low (1.774). The average colour change of uncoated specimens (2.868) was close to the acceptable threshold value (3), and that of coated specimens (1.774) was far below the acceptable threshold (3). CONCLUSIONS The colour change that occurred in titanium dioxide nanocoated specimens following accelerated ageing was significantly lower than that in the uncoated group, showing that the TiO2 nanocoating was effective in reducing the colour degradation of silicone elastomers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Maxillofacial prostheses fabricated from silicone elastomers go through undesirable colour degradation over time. The development of a scientific technique that retards the colour deterioration of silicone prostheses would be of great clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika K K
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India.
| | - Harsha Kumar K
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - R Ravichandran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Prasanth V
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Kala S
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - K B Jinesh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Oommen P Mathew
- Population Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695034, India
| | - S Ananthakumar
- Material Science and Technology Division Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
| | - A Sri Peer Mohammed
- Material Science and Technology Division Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
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Kiat-amnuay S, Cevik P, Kurtoglu C. Effect of Thixotropic Agent on the Color Stability of Platinum-Based Silicone Maxillofacial Elastomers after Artificial Aging. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5867. [PMID: 37687559 PMCID: PMC10488689 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Maxillofacial prostheses are essential for restoring natural appearance and function in individuals with defects in the head and neck regions. Thixotropic agents, as liquid additives, are known to increase the viscosity of silicone elastomers. However, color deterioration remains a challenge in facial prostheses, leading to the need for refabrication. Despite this, there is limited research on the effect of thixotropic agents on the color stability of silicone maxillofacial elastomers. This study aims to investigate the impact of different thixotropic agent amounts on the color degradation of various maxillofacial silicone elastomers. Three elastomers (A-2000, A-2006, and A-2186) were combined with five pigments (no pigment as control, red, yellow, blue, and a mixture of red, yellow, and blue), and mixed with six thixotropic agent quantities (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 drops). A total of 450 specimens were fabricated (n = 5) and aged in an artificial aging chamber. L*, a*, b* readings were obtained before and after aging using a digital spectrophotometer. Color difference (ΔE*) means and standard deviations for 150 kj/m2, 300 kj/m2, and 450 kj/m2 were calculated. Statistical analyses, including four-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test, were conducted to determine any significant differences (p < 0.05) among the groups. A comprehensive analysis revealed significant four-way interactions among the groups. In the mixed-pigmentation group, adding 4 drops of thixotropic agent resulted in ΔE* above 3 only in A-2186 silicone at 300 and 450 kj/m2 energy levels. However, the color stability of mixed-pigmented A-2000 and A-2006 remained within the acceptable thresholds of 3 ΔE* at all irradiance levels in this study. At each energy level, A-2006 exhibited the highest color stability with an increasing thixotropic agent quantity among all the silicones. Conversely, A-2186 was more affected by the increased number of thixotropic agent drops in each pigmentation group, including the control group at 450 kj/m2. The quantity of thixotropic agent plays a crucial role in determining the color stability of different silicone elastomers pigmented with various intrinsic pigments. The thixotropic agent amount has a more significant impact on color stability than the type of pigment used in the silicone elastomers. A key overarching insight from this investigation is the identification of a safety threshold for the thixotropic agent quantity of 3 drops for each silicone type, pigmentation, and energy level. These findings highlight the importance of considering the proper combination of thixotropic agents, pigments, and silicone materials to achieve optimal color stability in maxillofacial prosthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Kiat-amnuay
- Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Pinar Cevik
- Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06490, Türkiye;
| | - Cem Kurtoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana 01250, Türkiye
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Al-Kadi FK, Abdulkareem JF, Azhdar BA. Hybrid Chitosan-TiO 2 Nanocomposite Impregnated in Type A-2186 Maxillofacial Silicone Subjected to Different Accelerated Aging Conditions: An Evaluation of Color Stability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2379. [PMID: 37630964 PMCID: PMC10460059 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the impact of the incorporation of a chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposite on the color stability of pigmented room-temperature vulcanization maxillofacial silicone under various accelerated aging conditions. Five hundred disk-shaped specimens were formed with type A-2186 silicone elastomer, and they were distributed into groups based on pigment types and nanoparticle treatments. The color difference (ΔE) was assessed using a colorimeter in the CIELAB color system before and after exposure to aging conditions, including UV-accelerated aging and outdoor weathering. ANOVA, Dennett's T3, and Tukey HSD tests revealed significant color alterations across all silicone types, with the most pronounced being in the red-colored 3% chitosan specimens and the least pronounced being in the 2% TiO2 specimens that underwent UV-accelerated aging. Outdoor weathering consistently increased the ΔE values across all categories. This study suggests that while nanoparticles may offer some resistance against accelerated aging, they fall short in adequately defending against UV radiation during outdoor weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten K. Al-Kadi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq;
| | - Jwan F. Abdulkareem
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq;
| | - Bruska A. Azhdar
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq;
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Chee LKM, Bishal AK, Bhatia HS, Wee AG, Takoudis C, Sukotjo C, Yuan JCC. Effect of Nano Ceramic Coating on Color Perceptibility and Acceptability of Polymethylmethacrylate: In Vitro and Clinical Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8748. [PMID: 36556554 PMCID: PMC9782542 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a novel nano-ceramic coating (TiO2) using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique on the surface of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material was investigated. The patients' and clinicians' perception and acceptance of the PMMA color with TiO2 coating were also examined. In vitro color measurement was performed on thirty specimens (light, original, and dark pink) before and after TiO2 coating. Patients' and clinicians' perception and acceptance of color changes on PMMA were measured and compared. Descriptive and analytic statistics were analyzed (a = 0.05). TiO2 films were successfully deposited on the PMMA specimen by the ALD technique. Color changes after TiO2 coating were observed on all three PMMA shades, significantly higher than the established 50:50% perceptibility threshold, but below the established 50:50% acceptability threshold. The percentage of patients that perceived a color difference after TiO2 coating were 83.3%, 63.9%, and 77.8% for light, original, and dark pink, respectively. The percentages of clinicians that were satisfied with the color difference were 96.4%, 80%, and 69.2% for light, original, and dark pink, respectively. Color changes after TiO2 coating were observed, but below the acceptable threshold. The clinical survey demonstrated that a color difference was perceived but was clinically acceptable. In general, laypeople have lower perception and higher acceptance of changes in PMMA color than clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harshdeep Singh Bhatia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 929 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Alvin G. Wee
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 9-470 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christos Takoudis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 929 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60608, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 851 S. Morgan, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Judy Chia-Chun Yuan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Rashid F, Jamayet NB, Farook TH, AL-Rawas M, Barman A, Johari Y, Noorani TY, Abdullah JY, Eusufzai SZ, Alam MK. Color variations during digital imaging of facial prostheses subjected to unfiltered ambient light and image calibration techniques within dental clinics: An in vitro analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273029. [PMID: 36037161 PMCID: PMC9423681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study aimed to evaluate 1) the amount of color variations presents within clinical images of maxillofacial prosthetic silicone specimens when photographed under different clinically relevant ambient lighting conditions, and 2) whether white balance calibration (WBC) methods were able to mitigate variations in ambient lighting. Methods 432 measurements were acquired from standardized images of the pigmented prosthetic silicone specimens within different ambient lighting conditions (i.e., 2 windowed and 2 windowless clinics) at noon with no light modifying apparatus. The specimens were photographed once without any white balance calibration (raw), then independently alongside an 18% neutral gray card and Macbeth color chart for calibration in a post-processing (PPWBC) software, and once after camera calibration (CWBC) using a gray card. The LAB color values were extracted from the images and color variations (ΔE) were calculated after referring to the corresponding spectrophotometric values as control. Results Images in windowless and windowed clinics exhibited highly significant differences (p < 0.001) with spectrophotometer (control). CWBC demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05) in LAB values across windowed clinics. PPWBC using Macbeth color chart produced no significant differences for a* values (p > 0.05) across all clinics while PPWBC by gray card showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in LAB values when only similar clinics (either windowed or windowless) were compared. Conclusion Significant color variations were present for maxillofacial prosthetic specimens owing to natural ambient light. CWBC and PPWBC using color charts were more suitable for color correction across windowed clinics while CWBC and PPWBC using gray cards had better outcomes across windowless setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Rashid
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nafij Bin Jamayet
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Matheel AL-Rawas
- Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aparna Barman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yanti Johari
- Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Yusuf Noorani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Johari Yap Abdullah
- Craniofacial Imaging and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Parameswari BD, Dhevishri S, Ranjith R, Annapoorni H. Nanoparticles in Prosthetic Materials: A Literature Review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S917-S920. [PMID: 35017898 PMCID: PMC8686885 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_280_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The commonly used prosthodontic materials are resins, ceramics, metals and silicones. A comprehensive review of literature was completed about the incorporation of nanomaterials in prosthetic dentistry using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. This was supplemented with a manual search of selected journals. English language articles in peer- reviewed journals were selected. Current literature reveals that incorporation of nanomaterials has significantly improved the properties of the prosthetic materials within the clinically acceptable ranges. There appears to be a need for a standardization for these in vitro studies carried out to evaluate their physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties
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Affiliation(s)
- B Devi Parameswari
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Ammal Higher Institute of Education and Research Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Dhevishri
- Post graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Ammal Higher Institute of Education and Research Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Ranjith
- Post graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Ammal Higher Institute of Education and Research Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H Annapoorni
- HOD and Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Ammal Higher Institute of Education and Research Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Atsu SS, Aksan ME, Bulut AC, Tamimi F. The effect of nanocoatings of SiO 2, TiO 2, and ZrO 2 on titanium-porcelain bonding. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:222.e1-222.e8. [PMID: 34090660 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Durable titanium-porcelain bonding is challenging because of the formation of a thick oxide layer on the surface during porcelain firing. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate how atomic layer deposition (ALD) of different oxide coatings affected titanium-porcelain bonding and failure types. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-four airborne-particle abraded Type-2 titanium specimens were coated by ALD with either SiO2, TiO2, or ZrO2 (n=11) at a thickness of 30 nm, whereas control specimens were left uncoated (n=11) (airborne-particle abraded only). The surface roughness of the specimens was analyzed with a profilometer before applying porcelain (Vita Titankeramic). Titanium-porcelain bonding was analyzed by using a 3-point bend test. Surface properties and titanium-porcelain interfaces were examined under scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and failure types were evaluated by using a stereomicroscope. Surface roughness and bond strength data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Failure type data were analyzed by the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test (α=.05). RESULTS All nanocoatings increased surface roughness values, but only TiO2 and ZrO2 coatings showed statistically significant higher roughness than the control surfaces (P<.001). Specimens coated with SiO2 (28.59 ±4.37 MPa) and TiO2 (26.86 ±3.66 MPa) presented significantly higher bonding strength than control (22.04 ±4.59 MPa) specimens (P<.01). Fracture types of different groups were not statistically different (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Nanocoating titanium surfaces with SiO2 and TiO2 by using the ALD technique significantly improved titanium-porcelain bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadet Saglam Atsu
- Visiting Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kırıkkale, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | | | - Ali Can Bulut
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kırıkkale, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Professor, College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Gupta P, Deshpande S, Radke U, Ughade S, Sethuraman R. The color stability of maxillofacial silicones: A systematic review and meta analysis. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2021; 21:138-149. [PMID: 33938863 PMCID: PMC8262445 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_253_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This systematic review aims to identify and interpret results of studies that evaluated the changes in the color stability of maxillofacial prosthetic materials due to chemical instability of silicones and pigments and the effect of exposure to environmental conditions and aging factors on the same. Settings and Design This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). Materials and Methods Relevant articles written in English only, before November 15, 2019, were identified using an electronic search in the PubMed/Medline conducted to identify pertinent articles. The relevancy of the articles was verified by screening the title, abstract, and full text, if they met the inclusion criteria. A total of 42 articles satisfied the criteria, from which data were extracted for qualitative synthesis. This review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registration number CRD42019124562). Statistical Analysis Used Since considerable data heterogenicity was present in all studies except the ones on incorporation of TiO2 for which meta-analysis using random effects model was performed. Results The database search resulted in 234 studies, of which 202 articles were excluded due to lack of relevance, duplication, and unavailability of data. The remaining 32 fulltext articles were assessed for eligibility, out of which 2 articles were excluded. Twelve articles were yielded by manual search. A total of 42 studies were included in the present systematic review. Due to heterogeneous data, meta-analysis could be only carried out with the effect of TiO2 nano particle on color stability. Conclusions Although there has been extensive amount of research in this field, an ideal maxillofacial silicone exhibiting good color stability in various human and environmental aging conditions is yet to be identified. Human and environmental aging conditions have an adverse effect on the color stability and addition of TiO2 nano particle seems to improve the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Department of Prosthodontics, VSPMDCRC, VSPM Dental College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saee Deshpande
- Department of Prosthodontics, VSPM Dental College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Usha Radke
- Department of Prosthodontics, VSPMDCRC, VSPM Dental College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh Ughade
- Department of PSM, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Sethuraman
- Department of Prosthodontics, K. M. Shah Dental College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Hashemi Astaneh S, Faverani LP, Sukotjo C, Takoudis CG. Atomic layer deposition on dental materials: Processing conditions and surface functionalization to improve physical, chemical, and clinical properties - A review. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:103-118. [PMID: 33227485 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface functionalization is an effective approach to improve and enhance the properties of dental materials. A review of atomic layer deposition (ALD) in the field of dental materials is presented. ALD is a well-established thin film deposition technique. It is being used for surface functionalization in different technologies and biological related applications. With film thickness control down to Ångström length scale and uniform conformal thin films even on complex 3D substrates, high quality thin films and their reproducibility are noteworthy advantages of ALD over other thin film deposition methods. Low temperature ALD allows temperature sensitive substrates to be functionalized with high quality ultra-thin films too. In the current work, ALD is elaborated as a promising method for surface modification of dental materials. Different aspects of conventional dental materials that can be enhanced using ALD are discussed. Also, the influence of different ALD thin films and their microstructure on the surface properties, corrosion-resistance, antibacterial activity, biofilm formation, and osteoblast compatibility are addressed. Depending on the stage of advancement for the studied materials reported in the literature, these studies are then categorized into four stages: fabrication & characterization, in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and human tests. Materials coated with ALD thin films with potential dental applications are also presented here and they are categorized as stage 1. The purpose of this review is to organize and present the up to date ALD research on dental materials. The current study can serve as a guide for future work on using ALD for surface functionalization and resulting property tuning of materials in real world dental applications.
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Rahman AM, Jamayet NB, Nizami MMUI, Johari Y, Husein A, Alam MK. Effect of tropical outdoor weathering on the surface roughness and mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicones. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 127:937-942. [PMID: 33472753 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The climate of tropical Southeast Asia includes high humidity and ultraviolet radiation that reduce the lifespan of silicone prostheses by inducing changes in their mechanical properties and color stability. Studies on the surface roughness (SR) and mechanical properties of different silicone elastomers (SEs) subjected to the natural tropical weather of Southeast Asia are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the SR, tensile strength (TS), and percentage elongation (% E) of different SEs subjected to outdoor weathering in the Malaysian climate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Type-II dumbbell-shaped specimens (N-120) (nonweathered=15, weathered=15) were made from 3 room-temperature vulcanized (A-2000, A-2006, and A-103) and 1 heat-temperature vulcanized (M-511) silicone (Factor II). For 6 months, weathered specimens were subjected to outdoor weathering inside a custom exposure rack. Simultaneously, the nonweathered specimens were kept in a dehumidifier. Subsequently, the SR was measured with a profilometer; TS and % E were measured by using a universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the means of the tested properties of the nonweathered and weathered specimens, and pairwise comparison was carried out between the silicones (α=.05). RESULTS After outdoor weathering, the SR, TS, and % E were adversely affected by weathering in the Malaysian environment. Among the silicone materials, A-2000 showed the least TS changes (2.51 MPa), while A-2006 demonstrated significant changes in percentage elongation after outdoor weathering (266.5%). M-511 exhibited the highest mean value (2.50 μm) for SR changes. In addition, A-103 SE showed statistically significant differences in most pairwise comparisons for all 3 dependent variables. CONCLUSIONS Based on the evaluation of mechanical properties, A-103 can be suggested as a suitable silicone for maxillofacial prostheses fabricated for tropical climates. However, A-2000 can be a suitable alternative, although significant changes to surface roughness were detected after outdoor weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mushfiqur Rahman
- MSc-Graduate, Maxillofacial Prosthetic Service, Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nafij Bin Jamayet
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Md Minhaz Ul Islam Nizami
- MSc-Graduate, Maxillofacial Prosthetic Service, Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yanti Johari
- Senior Lecturer, Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Adam Husein
- Deputy Director, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Associate Professor, Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Sonnahalli NK, Chowdhary R. Effect of nanoparticles on color stability and mechanical and biological properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomer: A systematic review. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2020; 20:244-254. [PMID: 33223694 PMCID: PMC7654200 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_429_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of addition of various nanoparticles into maxillofacial silicone elastomer on color stability and mechanical and biological properties of the silicone elastomer. Settings and Design: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines(PRISMA). Materials and Methods: The electronic database search in MEDLINE/PubMed was based on population (silicone elastomer), intervention (nanoparticles), comparison (unreinforced silicone elastomer with nanoparticle-reinforced silicone elastomer), outcome (color stability and mechanical, physical, and biological properties), i.e., PICO framework. The key words used are (”maxillofacial silicone” OR “silicone elastomer” OR “facial silicone”) AND (”nanoparticles” OR “Nano-oxides”) AND (”colour stability” OR “Hardness,” “tensile strength” OR “tear strength” OR “antifungal activity”). Results: The database search resulted in 2099 studies, of which 2066 articles were excluded as they were irrelevant, duplicates, and data were not available. The remaining 33 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, out of which 2 articles were in Chinese language, 3 articles were thesis documents, and 8 were review articles. A total of 12 articles were excluded and the remaining 20 articles were included. One article was yielded by hand search of references of included studies. A total of 21 studies were included in the present systematic review. Conclusion: With the available evidence in the literature, it can be concluded that addition of nanoparticles at various concentrations may improve the physical and mechanical properties and color stability of the prosthesis made from the silicone elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Chowdhary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Powell SK, Cruz RLJ, Ross MT, Woodruff MA. Past, Present, and Future of Soft-Tissue Prosthetics: Advanced Polymers and Advanced Manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001122. [PMID: 32909302 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide experience disfigurement due to cancers, congenital defects, or trauma, leading to significant psychological, social, and economic disadvantage. Prosthetics aim to reduce their suffering by restoring aesthetics and function using synthetic materials that mimic the characteristics of native tissue. In the 1900s, natural materials used for thousands of years in prosthetics were replaced by synthetic polymers bringing about significant improvements in fabrication and greater realism and utility. These traditional methods have now been disrupted by the advanced manufacturing revolution, radically changing the materials, methods, and nature of prosthetics. In this report, traditional synthetic polymers and advanced prosthetic materials and manufacturing techniques are discussed, including a focus on prosthetic material degradation. New manufacturing approaches and future technological developments are also discussed in the context of specific tissues requiring aesthetic restoration, such as ear, nose, face, eye, breast, and hand. As advanced manufacturing moves from research into clinical practice, prosthetics can begin new age to significantly improve the quality of life for those suffering tissue loss or disfigurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean K Powell
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Rena L J Cruz
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Maureen T Ross
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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