A craniometry-based predictive model to determine occlusal vertical dimension

Development of craniometry-based predictive model to determine occlusal vertical dimension by using the eye-ear distance in a French population

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Techniques for determining occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) have limitations, including the lack of reproducibility or invasiveness. Recently, a craniometry-based predictive model comparing OVD with eye-ear distance (EED) was developed in Chile. However, this study included a specific population and excluded patients with a history of orthodontics. For verification, studies on other populations are required.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this clinical study was to follow the previously described protocol to obtain an equation for determining OVD in a French cohort (mostly White with an orthodontic history).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Dentate adults with a stable occlusion and no known maxillofacial, otolaryngeal, or temporomandibular problems were included in this study. Demographic information, including participant age, sex, and history of orthodontic treatment, was collected. Facial height and width were measured with digital calipers, and the left EED and OVD were recorded with a craniometer. The facial index was calculated to classify participants into euryprosopic, mesoprosopic, or leptoprosopic types.

RESULTS

Of the 300 included participants (28 ±11 years), 60% were women, and 67% reported a history of orthodontic treatment. Euryprosopic represented 17% of participants, mesoprosopic 48%, and leptoposopic 35%. A positive correlation was found between the left EED and OVD in all facial types, but it was more important in women. The following equation was obtained: OVD=44.58+(0.45×left EED)+sex (women=-4.57; men=0)+facial type (leptoprosopic=0; mesoprosopic=-3.35; euryprosopic=-7.27).

CONCLUSIONS

The occlusal vertical dimension is correlated with sex, left EED, and facial type. This straightforward method can be applied in conjunction with other techniques to determine the OVD in the French population.

Correlation of index finger length to vertical dimensions of occlusion for edentulous patients and their satisfaction: a randomized controlled trial

The prevalence of edentulism is pandemic and people resort to complete dentures for the restoration of missing teeth and esthetics. However, the determination of the correct occlusal vertical dimensions (OVD) constitutes to play an important role in overall patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to apply anthropometric methods to correlate the length of index finger (2D) to measure the OVD from base of the nose to the base of the chin (Sn-Me) and to assess satisfaction by comparing both the methods. A total of 80 edentulous patients were randomized and controlled for this trial into experimental and control groups. A correlation was found between Sn-Me and finger measurements, dentures' satisfaction was assessed after a 1-week follow-up and marked according to the Visual Analog Scale. Our findings established that finger measurements are greater among males, and in both genders, positive, and statistically significant correlations exist between the facial and finger length measurements. Moreover, 97.0% patients from experimental group were satisfied with the use of complete dentures through the new anthropometric method. Hence measuring the length of index finger can be an adjunct method for the restoration of OVD and is a relatively time-effective and simple method with a satisfactory follow-up.Trial registration: ID: NCT05153213 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05153213 ).

The Application of 3D Imaging as an Appropriate Method of Wildlife Craniometry: Evaluation of Accuracy and Measurement Efficiency

The suitability of CT and 3D scanners for craniometric proposes was tested using digital calipers when determining linear measurements, and a measuring cylinder was used for the accuracy of 3D printing of deer antlers obtained by the CT and 3D scanners. The resolution of digitized objects from a 3D scanner ranged from 0.008 mm to 0.122 mm. For mandibular dimensions, a positive deviation (p < 0.01) from the primary control measurement was recorded. The average antler volume measured with the cylinder was 60.47 cm3 at the first measurement, in the case of the CT scanner 61.62 cm3 and for the 3D scanner 64.76 cm3—both technologies exhibit a positive deviation from the primary measurement. Precise sensing and measurements can be used to evaluate the quality and evolution of wildlife populations, create digital museum collections, or to examine in detail certain traits such as antler and horn development or dentition.

Accuracy between Functional Swallowing and Knebelman Craniometric Method to Measure Occlusal Vertical Dimension in Total Denture Wearers: A Quasi-experimental Study

Objective:

The objective was to determine the accuracy between functional swallowing (FS) and the Knebelman craniometric method (KCM) to measure occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in total denture wearers.

Materials and Methods:

A quasi-experimental, prospective study was conducted considering the KCM diagnostic method as the gold standard compared to FS. All the totally edentulous patients attended at the School of Dentistry of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (n = 32) in 2018–2019 were evaluated. Previous informed consent was obtained from all patients. A Knebelman’s Craniometer was used to obtain longitudinal measurements measured in millimeters. The measurement was made with the Knebelman Craniometer by placing the tip into the external auditory canal inside the right meatus. On the other hand, for the FS method, the patients were seated comfortably with their back supported and their head in a natural position. Both upper and lower rollers were inserted into the mouth and the patient was instructed to swallow saliva for a period of 5min.

Results:

When comparing the measurement of the OVD of KCM versus FS according to sex, men presented an OVD of 68.1 ± 3.9 mm, being 64.1 ± 3.8 mm in women. Accuracy was evaluated with an analysis of concordance between FS and the KCM in the determination of OVD in totally edentulous patients with a value of 0.97 (confidence interval = 0.31–0.99) (P = 0.013).

Conclusions:

There is a good concordance between the FS method and the KCM at the time of determining the OVD of edentulous patients using total prostheses.