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Ghobrial DK, El-Nikhely N, Sheta E, Ragab HM, Rostom SAF, Saeed H, Wahid A. The Role of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-Based Kinase Inhibitors in The Attenuation of CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030637. [PMID: 36978885 PMCID: PMC10045301 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver Fibrosis can be life-threatening if left untreated as it may lead to serious, incurable complications. The common therapeutic approach is to reverse the fibrosis while the intervention is still applicable. Celecoxib was shown to exhibit some antifibrotic properties in the induced fibrotic liver in rats. The present study aimed to investigate the possible antifibrotic properties in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in male Sprague–Dawley rats compared to celecoxib of three novel methoxylated pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. The three newly synthesized compounds were proved to be safe candidates. They showed a therapeutic effect against severe CCl4-induced fibrosis but at different degrees. The three compounds were able to partially reverse hepatic architectural distortion and reduce the fibrotic severity by showing antioxidant properties reducing MDA with increasing GSH and SOD levels, remodeling the extracellular matrix proteins and liver enzymes balance, and reducing the level of proinflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) and profibrogenic (TGF-β) cytokines. The results revealed that the dimethoxy-analog exhibited the greatest activity in all the previously mentioned parameters compared to celecoxib and the other two analogs which could be attributed to the different methoxylation patterns of the derivatives. Collectively, the dimethoxy-derivative could be considered a safe promising antifibrotic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana K. Ghobrial
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.K.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Hanan M. Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. F. Rostom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hesham Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.K.G.); (A.W.)
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2
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Hassan HM, Li J. Prospect of Animal Models for Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure: A Mini-review. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:995-1003. [PMID: 36304511 PMCID: PMC9547251 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome that develops in patients with chronic liver diseases following a precipitating event and associated with a high mortality rate due to systemic multiorgan failure. Establishing a suitable and stable animal model to precisely elucidate the molecular basis of ACLF pathogenesis is essential for the development of effective early diagnostic and treatment strategies. In this context, this article provides a concise and inclusive review of breakthroughs in ACLF animal model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hozeifa Mohamed Hassan
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence to: Jun Li, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003. China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7236-8088. Tel/Fax: +86-571-87236425, E-mail:
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3
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Hassan HM, Cai Q, Liang X, Xin J, Ren K, Jiang J, Shi D, Lu Y, Li T, Shang Y, He L, Chen X, Sun S, Li P, Guo B, Chen J, Yang H, Hu W, Chen X, Li J. Transcriptomics reveals immune-metabolism disorder in acute-on-chronic liver failure in rats. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/3/e202101189. [PMID: 34853163 PMCID: PMC8645333 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver tissue transcriptomics of liver cirrhosis (LC)–based acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) rats reveal immune-metabolism disorder as the core mechanism underlying ACLF development and prognosis. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is clinical syndrome with high mortality rate. This study aimed to perform detailed transcriptomic analysis in liver cirrhosis–based ACLF rats to elucidate ACLF pathogenesis. ACLF was induced by combined porcine serum with D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide. Gene expression profile of liver tissues from ACLF rats was generated by transcriptome sequencing to reveal the molecular mechanism. ACLF rats successfully developed with typical characteristics. Total of 2,354/3,576 differentially expressed genes were identified when ACLF was compared to liver cirrhosis and normal control, separately. The functional synergy analysis revealed prominent immune dysregulation at ACLF stage, whereas metabolic disruption was significantly down-regulated. Relative proportions of innate immune–related cells showed significant elevation of monocytes and macrophages, whereas adaptive immune–related cells were reduced. The seven differentially expressed genes underlying the ACLF molecular mechanisms were externally validated, among them THBS1, IL-10, and NR4A3 expressions were confirmed in rats, patient transcriptomics, and liver biopsies, verifying their potential value in the ACLF pathogenesis. This study indicates immune-metabolism disorder in ACLF rats, which may provide clinicians new targets for improving intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hozeifa M Hassan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Liang
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Keke Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Dongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yingyan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Shang
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Lulu He
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shanghai Pinghe School, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and The First Affiliated Hospital Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Joint Institute for Genetics and Genome Medicine Between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China .,Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Karatzas E, Kakouri AC, Kolios G, Delis A, Spyrou GM. Fibrotic expression profile analysis reveals repurposed drugs with potential anti-fibrotic mode of action. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249687. [PMID: 33826640 PMCID: PMC8026018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases cover a spectrum of systemic and organ-specific maladies that affect a large portion of the population, currently without cure. The shared characteristic these diseases feature is their uncontrollable fibrogenesis deemed responsible for the accumulated damage in the susceptible tissues. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, an interstitial lung disease, is one of the most common and studied fibrotic diseases and still remains an active research target. In this study we highlight unique and common (i) genes, (ii) biological pathways and (iii) candidate repurposed drugs among 9 fibrotic diseases. We identify 7 biological pathways involved in all 9 fibrotic diseases as well as pathways unique to some of these diseases. Based on our Drug Repurposing results, we suggest captopril and ibuprofen that both appear to slow the progression of fibrotic diseases according to existing bibliography. We also recommend nafcillin and memantine, which haven't been studied against fibrosis yet, for further wet-lab experimentation. We also observe a group of cardiomyopathy-related pathways that are exclusively highlighted for Oral Submucous Fibrosis. We suggest digoxin to be tested against Oral Submucous Fibrosis, since we observe cardiomyopathy-related pathways implicated in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and there is bibliographic evidence that digoxin may potentially clear myocardial fibrosis. Finally, we establish that Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis shares several involved genes, biological pathways and candidate inhibiting-drugs with Dupuytren's Disease, IgG4-related Disease, Systemic Sclerosis and Cystic Fibrosis. We propose that treatments for these fibrotic diseases should be jointly pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karatzas
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrea C. Kakouri
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George Kolios
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alex Delis
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George M. Spyrou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
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5
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PULLIERO A, PERGOLI L, LA MAESTRA S, MICALE R, CAMOIRANO A, BOLLATI V, IZZOTTI A, DE FLORA S. Extracellular vesicles in biological fluids. A biomarker of exposure to cigarette smoke and treatment with chemopreventive drugs. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2019; 60:E327-E336. [PMID: 31967089 PMCID: PMC6953455 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.4.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from cells and enter into body fluids thereby providing a toxicological mechanism of cell-cell communication. The present study aimed at assessing (a) the presence of EVs in mouse body fluids under physiological conditions, (b) the effect of exposure of mice to cigarette smoke for 8 weeks, and (c) modulation of smoke-related alterations by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. To this purpose, ICR (CD-1) mice were either unexposed or exposed to cigarette smoke, either treated or untreated with oral celecoxib. EVs, isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood serum, and urines, were analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry. EVs baseline concentrations in BALF were remarkably high. Larger EVs were detected in urines. Smoking increased EVs concentrations but only in BALF. Celecoxib remarkably increased EVs concentrations in the blood serum of both male and female smoking mice. The concentration of EVs positive for EpCAM, a mediator of cell-cell adhesion in epithelia playing a role in tumorigenesis, was much higher in urines than in BALF, and celecoxib significantly decreased their concentration. Thus, the effects of smoke on EVs concentrations were well detectable in the extracellular environment of the respiratory tract, where they could behave as delivery carriers to target cells. Celecoxib exerted both protective mechanisms in the urinary tract and adverse systemic effects of likely hepatotoxic origin in smoke-exposed mice. Detection of EVs in body fluids may provide an early diagnostic tool and an end-point exploitable for preventive medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. PULLIERO
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - L. PERGOLI
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - S. LA MAESTRA
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - R.T. MICALE
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - A. CAMOIRANO
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - V. BOLLATI
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - A. IZZOTTI
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - S. DE FLORA
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
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Liu J, Yang XF. Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in immune response in liver fibrosis and mechanisms involved. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:702-708. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i8.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible enzyme, is almost not expressed in normal human and rat liver tissues, but is highly expressed in liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Inhibition or interference of COX-2 expression can significantly inhibit the formation of hepatic fibrosis in rats, suggesting that COX-2 is involved in the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Recent studies have shown that the role of COX-2 in the development of hepatic fibrosis may be related to immune response. In this paper, we review the role of COX-2 and its metabolites in the immune response in liver fibrosis, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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ELnahas EM, Zeid MSA, Kawy HSA, Hendawy N, Baher W. Celecoxib attenuates depressive-like behavior associated with immunological liver injury in C57BL/6 mice through TNF-α and NF-κb dependent mechanisms. Life Sci 2016; 163:23-37. [PMID: 27580523 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Depression associating patients with chronic liver diseases is a major treatment goal. This study aimed to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective and antidepressant effects of celecoxib in a model of experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) and depressive-like behavior in C57BL/6 mice. MAIN METHODS EAH was induced by immunization with S-100 liver antigen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Mice were randomly allocated to 5 groups; control phosphate buffered saline group; control CFA group; EAH group, and 2 groups of EAH plus celecoxib (7.5 or 15mg/kg/d respectively). Mice were assessed behaviorally by novelty-suppressed test, tail suspension test, locomotor assessment and forced swimming tests. Serum liver enzymes and hepatic hydroxyproline content were biochemically analyzed. Histopathological analysis for liver and brain sections and immunohistochemical studies for hepatic and hippocampal tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) and caspase-3 were performed. KEY FINDINGS EAH group exhibited significant depressive-like changes, increase in liver enzymes and hepatic hydroxyproline content. Signs of autoimmune hepatitis and structural changes in hippocampus were confirmed by histopathological studies. Immunohistochemical examination revealed overexpression of hepatic and hippocampal TNF-α, NF-κB and caspase-3 positive cells. Celecoxib (7.5mg/kg/d) significantly ameliorated hepatic biochemical changes, hepatic and hippocampal histopathological and immunohistochemical changes induced in EAH group. Celecoxib (15mg/kg/d) significantly ameliorated the behavioral changes, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in hippocampus, with non-significant change in hepatic biochemical profile, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes induced in EAH group. SIGNIFICANCE The celecoxib (7.5mg/kg/d) through its anti-inflammatory effect may represent a new therapeutic approach to treat autoimmune hepatitis associated with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nevien Hendawy
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Walaa Baher
- Histolology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zakaria S, El-Sisi A. Rebamipide retards CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats: Possible role for PGE2. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:453-62. [PMID: 26849241 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2015.1128022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent physiological suppressor of liver fibrosis. Because the anti-ulcer drug rebamipide can induce the formation of endogenous PGE2, this study investigated the potential effects of rebamipide on development of a hepatic fibrosis that was inducible by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Groups of Wistar rats received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of CCl4 (0.45 ml/kg [0.72 g CCl4/kg]) over the course of for 4 weeks. Sub-sets of CCl4-treated rats were also treated concurrently with rebamipide at 60 or 100 mg/kg. At 24 h after the final treatments, liver function and oxidative stress were indirectly assessed. The extent of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated using two fibrotic markers, hyaluronic acid (HA) and pro-collagen-III (Procol-III); isolated liver tissues underwent histology and were evaluated for interleukin (IL)-10 and PGE2 content. The results indicated that treatment with rebamipide significantly inhibited CCl4-induced increases in serum ALT and AST and also reduced oxidative stress induced by CCl4. Fibrotic marker assays revealed that either dose of rebamipide decreased the host levels of Procol-III and HA that had become elevated due to the CCl4. At the higher dose tested, rebamipide appeared to be able to permit the hosts to have a normal liver histology and to minimize any CCl4-induced collagen precipitation in the liver. Lastly, the use of rebamipide was seen to be associated with significant increases in liver levels of both PGE2 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Based on these findings, it is concluded that rebamipide can retard hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 and that this effect may, in part, be mediated by an induction of PGE2 and IL-10 in the liver itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Zakaria
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Damanhour University , Damanhour , Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Sisi
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
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Wen SL, Gao JH, Yang WJ, Lu YY, Tong H, Huang ZY, Liu ZX, Tang CW. Celecoxib attenuates hepatic cirrhosis through inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of hepatocytes. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1932-42. [PMID: 24909904 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatocytes is a key step for hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Long-term administration of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, can ameliorate hepatic fibrosis. This research aimed to examine the effect of celecoxib on the EMT of hepatocytes during the development of liver cirrhosis. METHODS Cirrhotic liver model of rat was established by peritoneal injection of thiacetamide (TAA). Thirty-six rats were randomly assigned to control, TAA, and TAA + celecoxib groups. Hepatic expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Phospho-Smad2/3, Snail1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, collagen I, fibroblast-specific protein (FSP-1), E-cadherin and N-cadherin were quantitated. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by the visible hepatic fibrotic areas and Ishak's scoring system. RESULTS Exposed to TAA treatment, hepatocytes underwent the process of EMT during hepatic fibrosis. Compared with those in TAA group, celecoxib significantly downregulated the hepatic expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, PGE2 , MMP-2, MMP-9, TGF-β1, Phospho-Smad2/3, Snail1, α-SMA, FSP-1, and vimentin while greatly restoring the levels of E-cadherin. The fibrotic areas and collagen I levels of TAA + celecoxib group were much lower than those in TAA group. CONCLUSIONS Celecoxib could ameliorate hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in TAA-rat model through suppression of the mesenchymal biomarkers in the hepatocytes while restoring the levels of their epithelial biomarkers. The inhibitory effect of celecoxib on the EMT of hepatocytes is associated with reduction of intrahepatic inflammation, preservation of normal basement matrix, and inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lei Wen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China; Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Gao JH, Wen SL, Yang WJ, Lu YY, Tong H, Huang ZY, Liu ZX, Tang CW. Celecoxib ameliorates portal hypertension of the cirrhotic rats through the dual inhibitory effects on the intrahepatic fibrosis and angiogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69309. [PMID: 23922700 PMCID: PMC3724827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased intra-hepatic resistance to portal blood flow is the primary factor leading to portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Up-regulated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the cirrhotic liver might be a potential target to ameliorate portal hypertension. OBJECTIVE To verify the effect of celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of COX-2, on portal hypertension and the mechanisms behind it. METHODS Cirrhotic liver model of rat was established by peritoneal injection of thiacetamide (TAA). 36 rats were randomly assigned to control, TAA and TAA+celecoxib groups. Portal pressures were measured by introduction of catheters into portal vein. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by the visible hepatic fibrotic areas and mRNAs for collagen III and α-SMA. The neovasculature was determined by hepatic vascular areas, vascular casts and CD31 expression. Expressions of COX-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and related signal molecules were quantitated. RESULTS Compared with TAA group, the portal pressure in TAA+celecoxib group was significantly decreased by 17.8%, p<0.01. Celecoxib treatment greatly reduced the tortuous hepatic portal venules. The data of fibrotic areas, CD31expression, mRNA levels of α-SMA and collagen III in TAA+celecoxib group were much lower than those in TAA group, p<0.01. Furthermore, the up-regulation of hepatic mRNA and protein levels of VEGF, VEGFR-2 and COX-2 induced by TAA was significantly inhibited after celecoxib treatment. The expressions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and c-fos were also down-regulated after celecoxib treatment. CONCLUSIONS Long term administration of celecoxib can efficiently ameliorate portal hypertension in TAA rat model by its dual inhibitory effects on the intrahepatic fibrosis and angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenesis effect afforded by celecoxib may attribute to its modulation on VEGF/VEGFR-2 through the down-regulation of integrated signal pathways involving PGE2- HIF-1α- VEGF and p-ERK- c-fos- VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hang Gao
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Lei Wen
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Juan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao-Yao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Yin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang-Xu Liu
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Wei Tang
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Involvement of the prostaglandin E receptor EP2 in paeoniflorin-induced human hepatoma cell apoptosis. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:140-9. [PMID: 23069790 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32835a4dac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to play an important role in tumor development and progression. PGE2 mediates its biological activity by binding any one of four prostanoid receptors (EP1 through EP4). The present study was designed to determine the role of the EP2 receptor during the proliferation and apoptosis of human HepG2 and SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell lines and the effect of paeoniflorin, a monoterpene glycoside. The proliferation of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium after exposure to the selective EP2 receptor agonists butaprost and paeoniflorin. Apoptosis of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells was also quantified by flow cytometry with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were quantified by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The expression of the EP2 receptor and cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase)-3 was determined by western blotting. Butaprost significantly increased proliferation in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Paeoniflorin significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells stimulated by butaprost at multiple time points (24, 48, and 72 h). Paeoniflorin induced apoptosis in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, which was quantified by annexin-V and propidium iodide staining. Our results indicate that the expression of the EP2 receptor and Bcl-2 was significantly increased, whereas that of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was decreased in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells after stimulation by butaprost. Paeoniflorin significantly decreased the expression of the EP2 receptor and Bcl-2 and increased Bax and caspase-3 activation in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells on addition of butaprost. Our results show that the PGE2 receptor subtype EP2 may play a vital role in the survival of both HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Paeoniflorin, which may be a promising agent in the treatment of liver cancer, induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by downregulating EP2 expression and also increased the Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio, thus upregulating the activation of caspase-3.
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Protective effect of Thymic Humoral Factor on porcine serum-induced hepatic fibrosis and liver damage in Wistar rats. Ann Hepatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
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Chang CC, Wang SS, Huang HC, Chan CY, Lee FY, Lin HC, Nong JY, Chuang CL, Lee SD. Selective cyclooxygenase inhibition improves hepatic encephalopathy in fulminant hepatic failure of rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 666:226-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tian F, Wang L, Zhang YJ. Selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib inhibits liver fibrogenesis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2002-2010. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i19.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, protects from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
METHODS: Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group A (n = 10) was subcutaneously injected with 50% 1 mL/kg CCl4 olive oil solution, twice per week, to induce hepatic fibrosis and intragastrically given saline. Groups B (n = 10), C (n = 10) and D (n = 10) were also subjected to induction of hepatic fibrosis and intragastrically given celecoxib 15 mg/kg once daily from day 1, week 3, and week 5 after CCl4 injection. Group E (n = 5) was subcutaneously injected with equal volume of olive oil and intragastrically given the same dose of celecoxib, while group F (n = 5) was subcutaneously injected with equal volume of olive oil and intragastrically given saline. The treatment lasted for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected to measure serum ALT, HA and LN levels, while hepatic tissue samples were taken to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis by HE staining and to detect the expression of type I collagen, alpha SMA, COX-1, and COX-2 by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Compared to group F, significant hepatic fibrosis was observed in group A (P < 0.01). Compared to group A, liver fibrosis was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), serum ALT, HA and LN levels significantly decreased (100.4 U/L ± 8.7 U/L vs 287.8 U/L ± 9.6 U/L, 189.6 μg/L ± 83.0 μg/L vs 382.6 μg/L ± 136.0 μg/L, 71.4 μg/L ± 4.6 μg/L vs 108.7 μg/L ± 9.8 μg/L, all P < 0.01), and the areas positive for type I collagen, alpha SMA, and COX-2 were reduced (all P < 0.01). The above parameters showed significant differences among groups B, C and D (all P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the above parameters between groups E and F. COX-1-positive area showed no significant difference among each group.
CONCLUSION: COX-2 plays an important role in liver fibrogenesis. Celecoxib can reduce or prevent liver fibrosis in a time-dependent manner probably by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and inflammation.
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Lv H, Liu L, Palacios G, Chen X. Metabolomic analysis characterizes tissue specific indomethacin-induced metabolic perturbations of rats. Analyst 2011; 136:2260-9. [PMID: 21483902 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15126f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the promising metabolomic approach integrating with ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was applied to characterize the tissue specific metabolic perturbation of rats that was induced by indomethacin. The selective pattern recognition analyses were applied to analyze global metabolic profiling of urine of rats treated by indomethacin at an acute dosage of reference that has been proven to induce tissue disorders in rats, evaluated throughout the time-course of -24-72 h. The results preliminarily revealed that modifications of amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and energetically associated metabolic pathways accounted for metabolic perturbation of the rats that was induced by indomethacin. Furthermore, IPA was applied to deeply analyze the biomarkers and their relations with the metabolic perturbations evidenced by pattern recognition analyses. Specific biochemical functions affected by indomethacin suggested that there is an important correlation of its effects in kidney and liver metabolism, based on the determined metabolites and their pathway-based analysis. The IPA correlation of the three major biomarkers, identified as creatinine, prostaglandin E2 and guanosine, suggested that the administration of indomethacin induced certain levels of toxicity in the kidneys and liver. The changes in the levels of biomarker metabolites allowed the phenotypical determination of the metabolic perturbations induced by indomethacin in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Lv
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Price Center Room 368, New York, New York 10461, USA.
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Sozer S, Diniz G, Lermioglu F. Effects of celecoxib in young rats: Histopathological changes in tissues and alterations of oxidative stress/antioxidant defense system. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:253-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Liu F, Mih JD, Shea BS, Kho AT, Sharif AS, Tager AM, Tschumperlin DJ. Feedback amplification of fibrosis through matrix stiffening and COX-2 suppression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 190:693-706. [PMID: 20733059 PMCID: PMC2928007 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201004082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue stiffening is a hallmark of fibrotic disorders but has traditionally been regarded as an outcome of fibrosis, not a contributing factor to pathogenesis. In this study, we show that fibrosis induced by bleomycin injury in the murine lung locally increases median tissue stiffness sixfold relative to normal lung parenchyma. Across this pathophysiological stiffness range, cultured lung fibroblasts transition from a surprisingly quiescent state to progressive increases in proliferation and matrix synthesis, accompanied by coordinated decreases in matrix proteolytic gene expression. Increasing matrix stiffness strongly suppresses fibroblast expression of COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and synthesis of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), an autocrine inhibitor of fibrogenesis. Exogenous PGE(2) or an agonist of the prostanoid EP2 receptor completely counteracts the proliferative and matrix synthetic effects caused by increased stiffness. Together, these results demonstrate a dominant role for normal tissue compliance, acting in part through autocrine PGE(2), in maintaining fibroblast quiescence and reveal a feedback relationship between matrix stiffening, COX-2 suppression, and fibroblast activation that promotes and amplifies progressive fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
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Lv H, Liu L, Zhang Y, Song T, Lu J, Chen X. Ingenuity pathways analysis of urine metabonomics phenotypes toxicity of gentamicin in multiple organs. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:2056-67. [PMID: 20714645 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We introduce the use of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to analyzing global metabonomics in order to characterize phenotypically biochemical perturbations and the potential mechanisms of the gentamicin-induced toxicity in multiple organs. A single dose of gentamicin was administered to Sprague Dawley rats (200 mg/kg, n = 6) and urine samples were collected at -24-0 h pre-dosage, 0-24, 24-48, 48-72 and 72-96 h post-dosage of gentamicin. The urine metabonomics analysis was performed by UPLC/MS, and the mass spectra signals of the detected metabolites were systematically deconvoluted and analyzed by pattern recognition analyses (Heatmap, PCA and PLS-DA), revealing a time-dependency of the biochemical perturbations induced by gentamicin toxicity. As result, the holistic metabolome change induced by gentamicin toxicity in the animal's organisms was characterized. Several metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism were identified in urine, and it was confirmed that gentamicin biochemical perturbations can be foreseen from these biomarkers. Notoriously, it was found that gentamicin induced toxicity in multiple organs system in the laboratory rats. The proof-of-knowledge based Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed gentamicin induced liver and heart toxicity, along with the previously known toxicity in kidney. The metabolites creatine, nicotinic acid, prostaglandin E2, and cholic acid were identified and validated as phenotypic biomarkers of gentamicin induced toxicity. Altogether, the significance of the use of metabonomics analyses in the assessment of drug toxicity is highlighted once more; furthermore, this work demonstrated the powerful predictive potential of the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to study of drug toxicity and its valuable complementation for metabonomics based assessment of the drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Lv
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
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