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Sharma N, Watkins OC, Chu AHY, Cutfield W, Godfrey KM, Yong HEJ, Chan SY. Myo-inositol: a potential prophylaxis against premature onset of labour and preterm birth. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:60-68. [PMID: 34526164 PMCID: PMC7614523 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of preterm birth (PTB), delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation, is rising in most countries. Several recent small clinical trials of myo-inositol supplementation in pregnancy, which were primarily aimed at preventing gestational diabetes, have suggested an effect on reducing the incidence of PTB as a secondary outcome, highlighting the potential role of myo-inositol as a preventive agent. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which myo-inositol might be able to do so remain unknown; these may occur through directly influencing the onset and progress of labour, or by suppressing stimuli that trigger or promote labour. This paper presents hypotheses outlining the potential role of uteroplacental myo-inositol in human parturition and explains possible underlying molecular mechanisms by which myo-inositol might modulate the uteroplacental environment and inhibit preterm labour onset. We suggest that a physiological decline in uteroplacental inositol levels to a critical threshold with advancing gestation, in concert with an increasingly pro-inflammatory uteroplacental environment, permits spontaneous membrane rupture and labour onset. A higher uteroplacental inositol level, potentially promoted by maternal myo-inositol supplementation, might affect lipid metabolism, eicosanoid production and secretion of pro-inflammatory chemocytokines that overall dampen the pro-labour uteroplacental environment responsible for labour onset and progress, thus reducing the risk of PTB. Understanding how and when inositol may act to reduce PTB risk would facilitate the design of future clinical trials of maternal myo-inositol supplementation and definitively address the efficacy of myo-inositol prophylaxis against PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oliver C Watkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne H Y Chu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Validation to Reveal the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Kangai Injection against Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3008842. [PMID: 36046463 PMCID: PMC9420643 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3008842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Kangai injection is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) mixed by extracts from astragalus, ginseng, and kurorinone with modern technology. It is a commonly used antitumor injection in China, but the mechanism of Kangai injection in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of Kangai injection against CRC using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods Targets of Kangai injection in CRC were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction and DisGeNET databases. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed by using the DAVID database. A component-disease-target gene-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. Results 114 overlapping targets of Kangai injection and CRC were used to construct a PPI network, and the top 10 hub targets of Kangai injection were rated from high to low as TP53, VEGFA, EGFR, TNF, ESR1, STAT3, HSP90AA1, HDAC1, AR, and MMP9. The ingredient-target-disease interactive network was constructed, which included 22 compounds and 114 overlapping targets with 161 nodes and 707 edges. Entries of enrichment analysis were obtained based on P value (<0.05), which included 19 of GO-MF, 217 of GO-BP, 8 of GO-CC, and 13 KEGG. Molecular docking analysis showed that Kangai injection strongly interacted with top 10 hub target proteins. Conclusion Network pharmacology intuitively showed the multicomponent, multiple targets, and multiple pathways of Kangai injection in the treatment of CRC. The molecular docking experiment verified that compounds of Kangai injection had good binding ability with top 10 hub target proteins as well.
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Jara-Gutiérrez Á, Baladrón V. The Role of Prostaglandins in Different Types of Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061487. [PMID: 34199169 PMCID: PMC8231512 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostaglandins constitute a family of lipids of 20 carbon atoms that derive from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. Traditionally, prostaglandins have been linked to inflammation, female reproductive cycle, vasodilation, or bronchodilator/bronchoconstriction. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of these lipids in cancer. In this review, existing information on the prostaglandins associated with different types of cancer and the advances related to the potential use of them in neoplasm therapies have been analyzed. We can conclude that the effect of prostaglandins depends on multiple factors, such as the target tissue, their plasma concentration, and the prostaglandin subtype, among others. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) seems to hinder tumor progression, while prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) seem to provide greater tumor progression and aggressiveness. However, more studies are needed to determine the role of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) in cancer due to the conflicting data obtained. On the other hand, the use of different NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), especially those selective of COX-2 (cyclooxygenase 2), could have a crucial role in the fight against different neoplasms, either as prophylaxis or as an adjuvant treatment. In addition, multiple targets, related to the action of prostaglandins on the intracellular signaling pathways that are involved in cancer, have been discovered. Thus, in depth research about the prostaglandins involved in different cancer and the different targets modulated by them, as well as their role in the tumor microenvironment and the immune response, is necessary to obtain better therapeutic tools to fight cancer.
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Chemoprotective effects of inositol hexaphosphate against cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12599. [PMID: 32724173 PMCID: PMC7387554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is commonly used as an anticancer agent but has been associated with high toxicity in several animal organs, including the testes. Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a polyphosphorylated carbohydrate that is present in foods with high fibre contents and has a wide range of essential physiological and pathological activities. Thus, we estimated the defensive effects of IP6 against CP-related testicular toxicity in rats. Sperm counts, motilities, viabilities and abnormalities and levels of testosterone, luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were evaluated. Testicle specimens were also processed for histological and biochemical analyses, including determinations of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, total antioxidant capacity, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, ß-glucuronidase, c-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein and leukotriene-4 and in comet assays. CP treatments were associated with deleterious histopathological, biochemical and genetic changes in rat testicles, and these were ameliorated by IP6 supplements in drinking water.
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Liu X, Liu C, Chen C, Sun W, Ci Y, Li Q, Song Y. Combination of Inositol Hexaphosphate and Inositol Inhibits Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer in Mice Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3223-3235. [PMID: 32368081 PMCID: PMC7170648 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s247646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer, one of the most common tumors, is mainly fatal because of the occurrence of liver metastasis. Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and inositol (INS) were found, both, in vitro and in vivo to play an anti-tumor effect, whereas the combination of IP6 and INS was more effective than IP6 or INS alone. Materials and Methods The inhibitory effects of IP6, INS and the combination of IP6+INS on tumor progression and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer were investigated in an orthotopic transplantation model of colorectal cancer. The tumor-bearing mice were selected by in vivo bioluminescence imaging and were treated with IP6, INS, and IP6 combined with INS, respectively. All mice were sacrificed after 6 weeks of treatment. The cancer development and metastasis were compared among the groups. The expression of genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin in the model was analyzed. Results The results demonstrated that liver metastasis was inhibited after treatment with IP6, INS, and IP6+INS. Compared to that of the M_G, survival period was extended, and tumor weight was lowered in IP6_G, INS_G, and IP6+INS_G. Besides, the liver metastatic area of mice in IP6+INS_G was relatively smaller than that in M_G, IP6_G, or INS_G. The results of RNA-seq analysis showed that the expressions of Wnt10b, Tcf7, and c-Myc were significantly downregulated in IP6+INS_G compared to that in M_G (P<0.05). Results of real-time PCR and Western blot showed that mRNA and protein expressions of β-catenin, Wnt10b, Tcf7, and c-Myc were significantly lower in IP6+INS_G compared to that in M_G (P<0.05). Discussion IP6+INS was more effective in inhibiting liver metastasis of colorectal cancer than IP6 or INS alone. The better inhibition effect may be accomplished through regulating the mutation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting Wnt10b, Tcf7, β-catenin, and c-Myc from abnormally high expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenna Sun
- Outpatient Department, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Ci
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Chan LC. An Intrinsic Mitochondrial Pathway Is Required for Phytic Acid-Chitosan-Iron Oxide Nanocomposite (Phy-CS-MNP) to Induce G₀/G₁ Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in the Human Colorectal Cancer (HT-29) Cell Line. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040198. [PMID: 30360519 PMCID: PMC6321496 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are among the most useful metal nanoparticles in biomedical applications. A previous study had confirmed that phytic acid-chitosan-iron oxide nanocomposite (Phy-CS-MNP) exhibited antiproliferative activity towards human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells. Hence, in this work, we explored the in vitro cytotoxicity activity and mechanistic action of Phy-CS-MNP nanocomposite in modulating gene and protein expression profiles in HT-29 cell lines. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were evaluated by NovoCyte Flow Cytometer. The mRNA changes (cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9)) and protein expression (nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cytochrome c) were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting, respectively. The data from our study demonstrated that treatment with Phy-CS-MNP nanocomposite triggered apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The transcriptional activity of JNK1 and iNOS was upregulated after treatment with 90 μg/mL Phy-CS-MNP nanocomposite. Our results suggested that Phy-CS-MNP nanocomposite induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway through modulation of Bax and Bcl-2 and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lee Chin Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Bansal M, Singh N, Pal S, Dev I, Ansari KM. Chemopreventive Role of Dietary Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64199-1.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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