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Nunes DLM, Carvalho-Araujo MF, Silva-Cabral S, Rios T, Chagas-Lima AC, de Sousa G, Ramos I, Gomes SAO, Atella GC. Lipid metabolism dynamic in Triatomine Rhodnius prolixus during acute Trypanosoma rangeli infection. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107032. [PMID: 37838024 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
During its life cycle, Trypanosoma rangeli invades the hemolymph of its invertebrate host and colonizes hemocytes and salivary glands. The parasite cannot synthesize some lipid classes, and during its cycle, it depends on the uptake of these molecules from its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts to meet growth and differentiation requirements. However, until now, knowledge on how the parasite affects the lipid physiology of individual insect organs has been largely unknown. Herein, the biochemical and molecular dynamics of triatomine R. prolixus lipid metabolism in response to acute T. rangeli infection were investigated. Biochemical and microscopic assays revealed the lipid droplet profile and the levels of the different identified lipid classes. In addition, a qRT‒PCR approach was used to determine the expression profile of 6 protein-coding genes involved in the R. prolixus lipid physiology. We observed that triacylglycerol (TAG), monoacylglycerol (MAG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels in the fat body decreased in infected insects. On the other hand, high levels of free fatty acids were observed in the hemolymph during infection. Analysis by confocal microscopy revealed a decrease in lipid droplets size from infected fat bodies, and investigations by scanning electron microscopy revealed a significant number of parasites adhered to the surface of the organ. T. rangeli infection upregulated the transcript levels of the protein-coding gene for the acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the first enzyme in the de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway, responsible for the production of malonyl-CoA. On the other hand, downregulation of lipophorin receptor was observed. In conclusion, this study reveals a new set of molecular events that occur within the vector in response to the challenge imposed by the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiene Lopes Moreira Nunes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Carvalho-Araujo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suellen Silva-Cabral
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamara Rios
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Catarina Chagas-Lima
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Géssica de Sousa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suzete A O Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Poudyal NR, Paul KS. Fatty acid uptake in Trypanosoma brucei: Host resources and possible mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:949409. [PMID: 36478671 PMCID: PMC9719944 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.949409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei spp. causes African Sleeping Sickness in humans and nagana, a wasting disease, in cattle. As T. brucei goes through its life cycle in its mammalian and insect vector hosts, it is exposed to distinct environments that differ in their nutrient resources. One such nutrient resource is fatty acids, which T. brucei uses to build complex lipids or as a potential carbon source for oxidative metabolism. Of note, fatty acids are the membrane anchoring moiety of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchors of the major surface proteins, Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) and the Procyclins, which are implicated in parasite survival in the host. While T. brucei can synthesize fatty acids de novo, it also readily acquires fatty acids from its surroundings. The relative contribution of parasite-derived vs. host-derived fatty acids to T. brucei growth and survival is not known, nor have the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid uptake been defined. To facilitate experimental inquiry into these important aspects of T. brucei biology, we addressed two questions in this review: (1) What is known about the availability of fatty acids in different host tissues where T. brucei can live? (2) What is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating fatty acid uptake in T. brucei? Finally, based on existing biochemical and genomic data, we suggest a model for T. brucei fatty acid uptake that proposes two major routes of fatty acid uptake: diffusion across membranes followed by intracellular trapping, and endocytosis of host lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Raj Poudyal
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Kimberly S. Paul
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Kimberly S. Paul,
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Atella T, Bittencourt-Cunha PR, Araujo MFC, Silva-Cardoso L, Maya-Monteiro CM, Atella GC. Trypanosoma cruzi modulates lipid metabolism and highjacks phospholipids from the midgut of Rhodnius prolixus. Acta Trop 2022; 233:106552. [PMID: 35671784 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is potentially life-threatening and caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The parasite cannot synthesize some lipids and depends on the uptake of these lipids from its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. To achieve this, T. cruzi may need to modify the physiology of the insect host for its own benefit. In this study, we investigated the interaction of T. cruzi (Y strain) with its insect vector Rhodnius prolixus and how it manipulates the vector lipid metabolism. We observed a physiological change in lipid flux in of infected insects. In the fat body of infected insects, triacylglycerol levels decreased by 80.6% and lipid storage droplet-1(LSD-1) mRNA levels were lower, when compared to controls. Lipid sequestration by infected midguts led to increased levels of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and activation in the fat body, inhibiting the synthesis of fatty acids and stimulating their oxidation. This led to reduced lipid levels in the fat body of infected insets, despite the fact that T. cruzi does not colonize this tissue. There was a 3-fold increase, in lipid uptake and synthesis in the midgut of infected insects. Finally, our results suggest that the parasite modifies the lipid flux and metabolism of its vector R. prolixus through the increase in lipid delivery from the fat body to midgut that are then scavenge by T cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 343 Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - P R Bittencourt-Cunha
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 343 Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M F C Araujo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 343 Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L Silva-Cardoso
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 343 Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - C M Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G C Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 343 Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Lysophosphatidylcholine triggers cell differentiation in the protozoan parasite Herpetomonas samuelpessoai through the CK2 pathway. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:108-117. [PMID: 31755068 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protozoa are distantly related to vertebrates but present some features of higher eukaryotes, making them good model systems for studying the evolution of basic processes such as the cell cycle. Herpetomonas samuelpessoai is a trypanosomatid parasite isolated from the hemipteran insect Zelus leucogrammus. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is implicated in the transmission and establishment of Chagas disease, whose etiological agent is Trypanosoma cruzi. LPC is synthesized by T. cruzi and its vectors, the hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a phospholipid with potent and diverse physiological and pathophysiological actions, is a powerful inducer of cell differentiation in Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum and T. cruzi. The enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 2-ester bond of 3-sn-phosphoglyceride, transforming phosphatidylcholine (PC) into LPC. METHODS In this study, we evaluated cellular differentiation, PLA2 activity and protein kinase CK2 activity of H. samuelpessoai in the absence and in the presence of LPC and PAF. RESULTS We demonstrate that both PC and LPC promoted a twofold increase in the cellular differentiation of H. samuelpessoai, through CK2, with a concomitant inhibition of its cell growth. Intrinsic PLA2 most likely directs this process by converting PC into LPC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the actions of LPC on H. samuelpessoai occur upon binding to a putative PAF receptor and that the protein kinase CK2 plays a major role in this process. Cartoon depicting a model for the synthesis and functions of LPC in Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, based upon our results regarding the role of LPC on the cell biology of Trypanosoma cruzi [28-32]. N nucleus, k kinetoplast, PC phosphatidylcholine, LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, PLA2 phospholipase A2, PAFR putative PAF receptor in trypanosomatids [65], CK2 protein kinase CK2 [16].
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Resveratrol Modifies Lipid Composition of Two Cancer Cell Lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5393041. [PMID: 32149115 PMCID: PMC7053465 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5393041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Resv) offers health benefits in cancer and has been reported to modulate important enzymes of lipid metabolism. Studies of its effects on lipid composition in different subtypes of breast-cancer cells are scarce. Thus, we investigated the alterations in phospholipids (PL), fatty acids (FA), and lipid metabolism enzymes in two breast-cancer cell lines after Resv treatment. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 80 and 200 μM of Resv, respectively, for 24 hours. We analyzed PL with radiolabeled inorganic phosphate (32Pi) by thin-layer chromatography, FA by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and lipid metabolism enzymes (DGAT2, FAS, ρACCβ, pAMPKα, and AMPK) by Western blot. Resv treated MDA-MB-231 phospholipids showed a reduction in phosphatidylcholine (63%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (35%). We observed an increase in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (73%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (65%) in MCF-7 cells after Resv treatment. Interestingly, the same treatment caused 50% and 90% increases in EPA and DHA, respectively, in MDA-MB-231 cells. In MCF-7 cells, Resv increased the expression of ρACCβ (3.3-fold) and AMPKα/ρAMPKα (1.5-fold) and in MDA-MB-231 cells it inhibited the expression of ρACCβ (111.8-fold) and AMPKα/ρAMPKα (1.2 fold). Our results show that Resv modified PL and saturated and unsaturated FA especially in MDA-MB-231 cells, and open new perspectives to the understanding of the reported anticancer effect of Resv on these cells.
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Chagas-Lima AC, Pereira MG, Fampa P, Lima MS, Kluck GEG, Atella GC. Bioactive lipids regulate Trypanosoma cruzi development. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2609-2619. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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An evaluation of lipid metabolism in the insect trypanosomatid Herpetomonas muscarum uncovers a pathway for the uptake of extracellular insect lipoproteins. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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