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Dumack K, Lara E, Duckert C, Ermolaeva E, Siemensma F, Singer D, Krashevska V, Lamentowicz M, Mitchell EAD. It's time to consider the Arcellinida shell as a weapon. Eur J Protistol 2024; 92:126051. [PMID: 38194835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The shells of testate amoebae are morphologically diverse and persistent in the environment. Accordingly, the examination of the morphology and composition of shells became a standard tool in ecological, palaeoecological, and evolutionary studies. However, so far the function of the shell remains poorly understood and, although based on limited evidence, the shell was considered as a defense mechanism. Based on recent evidence, we propose that the shell of arcellinid testate amoebae is a crucial component facilitating the amoebae's attack of large prey. Accordingly, the shell is not purely protective, but must be considered also as a weapon. This change in perspective opens up numerous new avenues in protistology and will lead to a substantial change in ecological, palaeoecological, and evolutionary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology, Zülpicher Straße 47b, University of Cologne, Germany.
| | - Enrique Lara
- Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, C. Moyano 1 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clément Duckert
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Elizaveta Ermolaeva
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - David Singer
- Soil Science and Environment Group, Changins, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Functional Environmental Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10 61-680, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edward A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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2
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Acosta E, Fincke V, Nitsche F, Arndt H. Novel cercozoan and heterolobosean protists from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of two endemic cacti from the Atacama Desert. Eur J Protistol 2023; 91:126034. [PMID: 38006640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Cercozoans and heterolobose amoebae are found across terrestrial habitats where they feed on other unicellular microbes, including bacteria, fungi and microalgae. They constitute a significant fraction of soil ecosystems and are integral members of plant microbiota. Here, we present the results on the isolation of protozoans from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of Browningia candelaris (Meyen) in the Andean Altiplano and Eulychnia taltalensis (F. Ritter) from the Coastal Cordillera of the Atacama Desert, both endemic to this ancient desert. We identified a new heterolobose amoeba species of the genus Allovahlkampfia isolated from cactus soil, three new species of the different glissomonad genera Allapsa, Neoheteromita, Neocercomonas and one new thecofilosean amoeba of the genus Rhogostoma isolated from the phyllosphere of one studied cactus. In addition, one bacterivorous flagellate was isolated from cactus spines and identified as a member of the non-scaled imbricatean family Spongomonadidae (Spongomonas). The isolation of protists from cactus spines extends the knowledge on the habitat ranges of taxa typically found on plant leaves or soils. The molecular data presented here is a prerequisite for further investigations on the ecology and diversity of protists including next-generation sequencing of microhabitats in plants and the rhizosphere, allowing for deeper taxonomic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Acosta
- University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Victoria Fincke
- University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Nitsche
- University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
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3
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Dumack K, Siemensma F, Clauß S. Transfer of the thecate amoebae Lecythium spinosum and Pamphagus armatus to Rhizaspis (Thecofilosea, Cercozoa, Rhizaria). Eur J Protistol 2021; 83:125843. [PMID: 34920934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Thecofilosea is a class in Cercozoa (Rhizaria) comprising mainly freshwater-inhabiting algivores. Recently, numerous isolates of thecofilosean amoebae have been cultured and were characterized by an integrated morphological and molecular approach. The captivating spine-bearing taxa in Thecofilosea were not yet molecularly characterized due to being very rare. There are only two known spine-bearing species, Pamphagus armatus and Lecythium spinosum, which were synonymized by Penard in 1902. Due to a morphological difference of those taxa, we discuss here that we disagree with this taxonomical act. We further isolated single cells of Pamphagus armatus directly from their habitat and successfully sequenced their SSU rDNA, which we subjected to phylogenetic analyses. We show that Pamphagus armatus branches within the Rhizaspididae (Tectofilosida, Thecofilosea). Accordingly, we transfer Pamphagus armatus and the assumingly closely related species Lecythium spinosum to Rhizaspis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Dumack
- University of Cologne, Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany.
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Khanipour Roshan S, Dumack K, Bonkowski M, Leinweber P, Karsten U, Glaser K. Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Heterotrophic Protists (Cercozoa and Endomyxa) from Biological Soil Crusts. Microorganisms 2021; 9:205. [PMID: 33498223 PMCID: PMC7908994 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) accommodate diverse communities of phototrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms. Heterotrophic protists have critical roles in the microbial food webs of soils, with Cercozoa and Endomyxa often being dominant groups. Still, the diversity, community composition, and functions of Cercozoa and Endomyxa in biocrusts have been little explored. In this study, using a high-throughput sequencing method with taxon-specific barcoded primers, we studied cercozoan and endomyxan communities in biocrusts from two unique habitats (subarctic grassland and temperate dunes). The communities differed strongly, with the grassland and dunes being dominated by Sarcomonadea (69%) and Thecofilosea (43%), respectively. Endomyxa and Phytomyxea were the minor components in dunes. Sandonidae, Allapsidae, and Rhogostomidae were the most abundant taxa in both habitats. In terms of functionality, up to 69% of the grassland community was constituted by bacterivorous Cercozoa. In contrast, cercozoan and endomyxan communities in dunes consisted of 31% bacterivores, 25% omnivores, and 20% eukaryvores. Facultative and obligate eukaryvores mostly belonged to the families Rhogostomidae, Fiscullidae, Euglyphidae, Leptophryidae, and Cercomonadidae, most of which are known to feed mainly on algae. Biocrust edaphic parameters such as pH, total organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus did not have any significant influence on shaping cercozoan communities within each habitat, which confirms previous results from dunes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khanipour Roshan
- Institute for Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (U.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany; (K.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany; (K.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Peter Leinweber
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Soil Science, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Institute for Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (U.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Karin Glaser
- Institute for Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (U.K.); (K.G.)
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Öztoprak H, Walden S, Heger T, Bonkowski M, Dumack K. What Drives the Diversity of the Most Abundant Terrestrial Cercozoan Family (Rhogostomidae, Cercozoa, Rhizaria)? Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1123. [PMID: 32722603 PMCID: PMC7463998 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental sequencing surveys of soils and freshwaters revealed high abundance and diversity of the Rhogostomidae, a group of omnivorous thecate amoebae. This is puzzling since only a few Rhogostomidae species have yet been described and only a handful of reports mention them in field surveys. We investigated the putative cryptic diversity of the Rhogostomidae by a critical re-evaluation of published environmental sequencing data and in-depth ecological and morphological trait analyses. The Rhogostomidae exhibit an amazing diversity of genetically distinct clades that occur in a variety of different environments. We further broadly sampled for Rhogostomidae species; based on these isolates, we describe eleven new species and highlight important morphological traits for species delimitation. The most important environmental drivers that shape the Rhogostomidae community were soil moisture, soil pH, and total plant biomass. The length/width ratio of the theca was a morphological trait related to the colonized habitats, but not the shape and size of the aperture that is often linked to moisture adaption in testate and thecate amoebae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüsna Öztoprak
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany; (H.Ö.); (S.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Susanne Walden
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany; (H.Ö.); (S.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Thierry Heger
- Soil Science and Environment Group, CHANGINS, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Route de Duillier 50, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland;
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany; (H.Ö.); (S.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany; (H.Ö.); (S.W.); (M.B.)
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Shiratori T, Yabuki A, Ishida KI. Morphology, Ultrastructure, and Phylogeny of Two Novel Species of Ventrifissura (V. oblonga n. sp. and V. velata n. sp., Thecofilosea, Cercozoa). Protist 2020; 171:125731. [PMID: 32464531 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2020.125731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ventrifissura is a group of poorly studied heterotrophic biflagellates in the phylum Cercozoa. Despite a phylogenetic placement with only weak support and a lack of ultrastructural data, Ventrifissura was assigned to Thecofilosea. In the presented study, we established cultures of two novel species of Ventrifissura (V. oblonga n. sp. and V. velata n. sp.) isolated from coastal marine environments in Japan, and performed light and electron microscopy observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that V. oblonga shares several ultrastructural characteristics with thecofilosean flagellates, including permanently condensed chromosomes, a extracellular theca, and slender extrusomes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis could not resolve the phylogenetic position, but the possibility that Ventrifissura clusters into Ventrifilosa was supported by approximately unbiased tests. Based on both morphological and phylogenetic findings, we concluded that Ventrifissura is a basal lineage of Thecofilosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shiratori
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Akinori Yabuki
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Ishida
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Siemensma F, Dumack K. SSU rDNA Phylogeny Indicates the Scale-lacking Trivalvulariida ord. nov. as a Sister Group to the Euglyphida (Cercozoa, Rhizaria). Protist 2020; 171:125701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2019.125701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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8
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Dumack K, Pundt J, Bonkowski M. Transfer of the Thecate Amoeba Lecythium mutabilis to a Novel Genus Omnivora (Fiscullidae, Thecofilosea, Cercozoa). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 67:245-251. [PMID: 31808200 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thecofilosea is a class in Cercozoa (Rhizaria) comprising mainly freshwater-inhabiting algivores. Recently, numerous isolates of thecofilosean amoebae have been cultured and were characterized by an integrated morphological and molecular approach. As attempts to establish a culture of Lecythium mutabilis repeatedly failed, it was not yet investigated by molecular means. We isolated single cells of L. mutabilis directly from their habitat and successfully sequenced the V4 region of their SSU rDNA. Phylogenetic analyses showed that L. mutabilis is not directly related to the genus Lecythium and instead branches within the Fiscullidae (Tectofilosida, Thecofilosea). Accordingly, we transfer the species L. mutabilis to a novel genus Omnivora gen. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Köln, 50674, Germany
| | - Julia Pundt
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Köln, 50674, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Köln, 50674, Germany
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Dumack K, Pundt J, Bonkowski M. Food Choice Experiments Indicate Selective Fungivorous Predation in
Fisculla terrestris
(Thecofilosea, Cercozoa). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 66:525-527. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Zülpicher Str. 47b 50674 Köln Germany
- Department of Zoology Institute of Biosciences University of São Paulo Rua do Matão tv. 14, 101 05508‐090 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Julia Pundt
- Terrestrial Ecology Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Zülpicher Str. 47b 50674 Köln Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Zülpicher Str. 47b 50674 Köln Germany
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Nakamura Y, Somiya R, Kanda M, Yamaguchi A, Tuji A, Hori RS. Gazelletta kashiwaensis sp. nov. (Medusettidae, Phaeodaria, Cercozoa), Its Morphology, Phylogeny, Distribution, and Feeding Behavior. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29532569 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A phaeodarian morphotype, characterized by the feet surrounded with forked pedal spines with anchor-like structures, was collected in the subtropical North Pacific. Considering the morphological and phylogenetic uniqueness, this morphotype is described as Gazelletta kashiwaensis sp. nov. The distribution of this new species is possibly affected by the Kuroshio Current. The feeding behavior of living phaeodarians was first filmed: the present new species floated in the water column stretching "protoplasmic webs" and collected diatoms by repeating the expansion and retraction of "pseudopodium-like tentacles".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Nakamura
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Rei Somiya
- Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Masaru Kanda
- Kuroshio Zikkan Center, Otsuki Town, 788-0343, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan.,Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tuji
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Rie S Hori
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
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11
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Dumack K, Siemensma F, Bonkowski M. Rediscovery of the Testate Amoeba Genus Penardeugenia (Thaumatomonadida, Imbricatea). Protist 2018; 169:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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An apparent Acanthamoeba genotype is the product of a chimeric 18S rDNA artifact. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:571-577. [PMID: 29177581 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are potentially pathogenic protozoa widespread in the environment. The detection/diagnosis as well as environmental survey strategies is mainly based on the identification of the 18S rDNA sequences of the strains that allow the recovery of various distinct genotypes/subgenotypes. The accurate recording of such data is important to better know the environmental distribution of distinct genotypes and how they may be preferentially associated with disease. Recently, a putative new acanthamoebal genotype T99 was introduced, which comprises only environmental clones apparently with some anomalous features. Here, we analyze these sequences through partial treeing and BLAST analyses and find that they are actually chimeras. Our results show that the putative T99 genotype is very likely formed by chimeric sequences including a middle fragment from acanthamoebae of genotype T13, while the 5'- and 3'-end fragments came from a nematode and a cercozoan, respectively. Molecular phylogenies of Acanthamoeba including T99 are consequently erroneous as genotype T99 does not exist in nature. Careful identification of Acanthamoeba genotypes is therefore critical for both phylogenetic and diagnostic applications.
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Fiore-Donno AM, Rixen C, Rippin M, Glaser K, Samolov E, Karsten U, Becker B, Bonkowski M. New barcoded primers for efficient retrieval of cercozoan sequences in high-throughput environmental diversity surveys, with emphasis on worldwide biological soil crusts. Mol Ecol Resour 2017; 18:229-239. [PMID: 29058814 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe the performance of a new metabarcoding approach to investigate the environmental diversity of a prominent group of widespread unicellular organisms, the Cercozoa. Cercozoa is an immensely large group of protists, and although it may dominate in soil and aquatic ecosystems, its environmental diversity remains undersampled. We designed PCR primers targeting the hypervariable region V4 of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU or 18S) gene, which is the recommended barcode marker for Cercozoa. The length of the amplified fragment (c. 350 bp) is suitable for Illumina MiSeq, the most cost-effective platform for molecular environmental surveys. We provide barcoded primers, an economical alternative to multiple libraries for multiplex sequencing of over a hundred samples. In silico, our primers matched 68% of the cercozoan sequences of the reference database and performed better than previously proposed new-generation sequencing primers. In mountain grassland soils and in biological soil crusts from a variety of climatic regions, we were able to detect cercozoan sequences encompassing nearly the whole range of the phylum. We obtained 901 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% similarity threshold from 26 samples, with c. 50,000 sequences per site, and only 8% of noncercozoan sequences. We could report a further increase in the diversity of Cercozoa, as only 43% of the OTUs were 97%-100% similar to any known sequence. Our study thus provides an advanced tool for cercozoan metabarcoding and to investigate their diversity and distribution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Fiore-Donno
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Rixen
- Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Rippin
- Institute of Botany, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karin Glaser
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elena Samolov
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becker
- Institute of Botany, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Dumack K, Bonkowski M, Clauß S, Völcker E. Phylogeny and Redescription of the Testate Amoeba Diaphoropodon archeri
(Chlamydophryidae, Thecofilosea, Cercozoa), De Saedeleer 1934, and Annotations on the Polyphyly of Testate Amoebae with Agglutinated Tests in the Cercozoa. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2017; 65:308-314. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Dumack
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Faculty of Zoology; University of Cologne; Zülpicher Str. 47b Köln 50674 Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Faculty of Zoology; University of Cologne; Zülpicher Str. 47b Köln 50674 Germany
| | - Steffen Clauß
- Penard Laboratory; 18 Stellenberg Avenue Cape Town 7708 South Africa
| | - Eckhard Völcker
- Penard Laboratory; 18 Stellenberg Avenue Cape Town 7708 South Africa
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15
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Rhogostomidae (Cercozoa) from soils, roots and plant leaves (Arabidopsis thaliana): Description of Rhogostoma epiphylla sp. nov. and R. cylindrica sp. nov. Eur J Protistol 2017; 60:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Dumack K, Mylnikov AP, Bonkowski M. Evolutionary Relationship of the Scale-Bearing Kraken (incertae sedis, Monadofilosa, Cercozoa, Rhizaria): Combining Ultrastructure Data and a Two-Gene Phylogeny. Protist 2017; 168:362-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Polyphyly in the Thecate Amoeba Genus Lecythium (Chlamydophryidae, Tectofilosida, Cercozoa), Redescription of its Type Species L. hyalinum, Description of L. jennyae sp. nov. and the Establishment of Fisculla gen. nov. and Fiscullidae fam. nov. Protist 2017; 168:294-310. [PMID: 28499131 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although testate amoebae have attracted great interest of protistologists for more than a century, some groups, especially those with a hyaline, organic test (=theca) are still poorly known. One of those is the genus Lecythium Hertwig et Lesser, 1874. Only recently Lecythium spp. were characterized by morphological and molecular means, but data on the type species Lecythium hyalinum Hertwig et Lesser, 1874, was still lacking. In this study, we screened for L. hyalinum in freshwater samples of Germany and the Netherlands. Four different isolates of L. hyalinum and one novel species were cultured and characterized by light microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses based on the small ribosomal subunit (SSU) RNA gene show that the genus Lecythium forms two robust clades, one forming a sister group to the Rhizaspididae/Pseudodifflugiidae clade (Tectofilosida), the other branching within 'Novel Clade 4' (Tectofilosida). We untangle this polyphyly by establishing Fisculla gen. nov. and the Fiscullidae fam. nov. for the former of these two clades.
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