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Karabulut M, Alis H, Bas K, Karabulut S, Afsar CU, Oguz H, Gunaldi M, Akarsu C, Kones O, Aykan NF. Clinical significance of serum claudin-1 and claudin-7 levels in patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1255-1267. [PMID: 26807230 PMCID: PMC4665381 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the serum levels and clinical relevance of claudin (CLDN) 1 and CLDN7 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 140 patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of CRC were enrolled in this study. The serum levels of CLDN1 and CLDN7 were determined using the solid-phase sandwich ELISA method. A total of 40 healthy age- and gender-matched controls were included in the analysis. The median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 24-84 years). The localization of the tumor in the majority of the patients was the colon (n=81, 58%). Of the 55 metastatic patients who received palliative chemotheraphy, 31% were chemotherapy-responsive. The baseline median serum CLDN1 and CLDN7 levels were significantly lower in non-metastatic and metastatic patients compared with those in healthy controls (CLND1, P=0.008 and 0.002; and CLND7, P=0.002 and 0.002, respectively). Moreover, known clinical variables, including poor performance status and high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were found to be associated with lower serum CLDN1 concentrations for all patients (P=0.03 and P=0.03, respectively). High T stage and high CEA levels were found to be correlated with lower serum CLDN7 concentrations for all patients (P=0.04 and 0.03, respectively). A correlation was identified between CLDN1 and CLDN7 levels in non-metastatic and metastatic CRC patients (both P-values <0.001). Our study results did not reveal any statistical significance for serum CLDN1 or CLND7 concentrations regarding progression-free and overall survival rate. Therefore, reduced serum levels of CLDN1 and CLND7 may be useful markers in the differential diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karabulut
- Clinic of General Surgery, Istanbul Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Alis
- Clinic of General Surgery, Istanbul Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Bas
- Clinic of General Surgery, Istanbul Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Karabulut
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Usul Afsar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Oguz
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34390 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Gunaldi
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Istanbul Bakirköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cevher Akarsu
- Clinic of General Surgery, Istanbul Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Kones
- Clinic of General Surgery, Istanbul Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuri Faruk Aykan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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Todd MC, Petty HM, King JM, Piana Marshall BN, Sheller RA, Cuevas ME. Overexpression and delocalization of claudin-3 protein in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-415 breast cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:156-162. [PMID: 26170992 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific deregulated expression of claudins, integral membrane proteins found in tight junctions (TJs), has indicated a possible role for TJ disruption in cancer progression. The current study demonstrates the marked overexpression of claudin-3 protein in two breast cancer cell lines of metastatic origin (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-415). Immunofluorescence and differential detergent fractionation analyses revealed that, although claudin-3 was primarily localized at cell junctions, it was also detected intracellularly. Similarly, the siRNA-mediated suppression of claudin-3 did not considerably affect its pattern of subcellular distribution relative to mock-transfected cells. However, there appeared to be a preferential loss of claudin-3 signal in the cytoskeletal fraction. Wound-healing assays were conducted to assess the effect of endogenous overexpression versus siRNA-mediated suppression of claudin-3 on cellular motility in MCF-7 cells. Suppression of claudin-3 protein levels resulted in a marked decrease in the rate of cellular motility relative to mock-transfected cells. These findings suggest that overexpression of claudin-3 may be important in disrupting TJ integrity and thus contribute to enhanced cellular motility, a key component of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Todd
- Biology Department, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX 78626, USA
| | - Heather M Petty
- Biology Department, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX 78626, USA
| | - Jonathan M King
- Biology Department, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA
| | | | - Rebecca A Sheller
- Biology Department, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX 78626, USA
| | - Maria E Cuevas
- Biology Department, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX 78626, USA
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Holczbauer Á, Gyöngyösi B, Lotz G, Törzsök P, Kaposi-Novák P, Szijártó A, Tátrai P, Kupcsulik P, Schaff Z, Kiss A. Increased Expression of Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 in Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:493-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are intercellular contacts that seal the space between the individual cells of an epithelial sheet or stratifying epithelia, such as the epidermis, so that they can collectively separate tissue compartments. Intercellular junctions, such as adherens and TJs, play a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of epithelial and endothelial barriers. A variety of components including claudins, occludin, tricellulin, zonula occluden proteins and junctional adhesion molecules have been identified in complex localization patterns in mammalian epidermis. In several skin diseases that are characterized by impaired skin barrier function, altered proliferation/differentiation of the epidermis and/or infiltration of inflammatory cells, altered expression patterns of TJ proteins have been observed. This review is aimed at providing an insight into the molecular composition, tools for identification and understanding the role of TJs in skin diseases and barrier function regulation.
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Bornholdt J, Friis S, Godiksen S, Poulsen SS, Santoni-Rugiu E, Bisgaard HC, Lothe IMB, Ikdahl T, Tveit KM, Johnson E, Kure EH, Vogel LK. The level of claudin-7 is reduced as an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:65. [PMID: 21310043 PMCID: PMC3045986 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compromised epithelial barriers are found in dysplastic tissue of the gastrointestinal tract. Claudins are transmembrane proteins important for tight junctions. Claudins regulate the paracellular transport and are crucial for maintaining a functional epithelial barrier. Down-regulation of the oncogenic serine protease, matriptase, induces leakiness in epithelial barriers both in vivo and in vitro. We found in an in-silico search tight co-regulation between matriptase and claudin-7 expression. We have previously shown that the matriptase expression level decreases during colorectal carcinogenesis. In the present study we investigated whether claudin-7 expression is likewise decreased during colorectal carcinogenesis, thereby causing or contributing to the compromised epithelial leakiness of dysplastic tissue. Methods The mRNA level of claudin-7 (CLDN7) was determined in samples from 18 healthy individuals, 100 individuals with dysplasia and 121 colorectal cancer patients using quantitative real time RT-PCR. In addition, immunohistochemical stainings were performed on colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, to confirm the mRNA findings. Results A 2.7-fold reduction in the claudin-7 mRNA level was found when comparing the biopsies from healthy individuals with the biopsies of carcinomas (p < 0.001). Reductions in the claudin-7 mRNA levels were also detected in mild/moderate dysplasia (p < 0.001), severe dysplasia (p < 0.01) and carcinomas (p < 0.01), compared to a control sample from the same individual. The decrease at mRNA level was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemical stainings. Conclusions Our results show that the claudin-7 mRNA level is decreased already as an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis, probably contributing to the compromised epithelial barrier in adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jette Bornholdt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Merikallio H, Kaarteenaho R, Pääkkö P, Lehtonen S, Hirvikoski P, Mäkitaro R, Harju T, Soini Y. Impact of smoking on the expression of claudins in lung carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2010; 47:620-30. [PMID: 21106366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tight junctions regulate the paracellular permeability and orientation of cells and claudins are key components of tight junctions. OBJECTIVES To study the influence of cigarette smoke on claudin expression in vitro and in lung cancer patients. METHODS We studied the effect of smoking on claudin expression by exposing a bronchial cell line (BEAS-2B) and two carcinoma cell lines (SK-LU1 and SK-MES1) to tobacco smoke for 48 h and analysed their claudin mRNA expression. The relation between smoked pack years and protein expression of claudins 1-5 and 7 in 344 lung cancer patients was determined by immunohistochemistry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In BEAS-2B cells and SK-LU1 cells, an initial increase was followed by a decline in the mRNA expression of several claudins. In SK-MES1 cells, no evident elevation in claudin expression was observed. Intense claudin 1 and 4 positivity was found more often in cancer samples of smokers and ex-smokers compared to non-smokers (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). Heavy smokers with longer than 40 pack-years consumption had more often intense claudin 1 (p=0.011), 4 (p=0.050) or 7 (p=0.058) expression in squamous cell carcinoma compared to non-smokers or smokers with fewer pack-years. Claudin 1 positivity predicted a better survival in adenocarcinoma (p=0.044) and in squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.027) and claudin 4 positivity in adenocarcinoma only (p=0.048). In squamous cell carcinoma, claudin 7 positivity was associated with a better survival (p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS Bronchial BEAS-2B cells and SK-LU1 cells respond to tobacco smoke by changing their claudin mRNA synthesis and resulting tight junction permeability changes may thus contribute to tobacco induced carcinogenesis both during initiation and progression. This concept is strengthened by findings in the clinical tumour material, where tobacco consumption was associated with claudin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Merikallio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit, Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5A, Oulu, Finland.
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Claudin-2 is selectively enriched in and promotes the formation of breast cancer liver metastases through engagement of integrin complexes. Oncogene 2010; 30:1318-28. [PMID: 21076473 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver represents the third most frequent site of metastasis in patients with breast cancer. We performed in vivo selection using 4T1 breast cancer cells to identify genes associated with the liver metastatic phenotype. Coincident with the loss of numerous tight-junctional proteins, we observe claudin-2 overexpression, specifically in liver-aggressive breast cancer cells. We further demonstrate that claudin-2 is both necessary and sufficient for the ability of 4T1 breast cancer cells to colonize and grow in the liver. The liver-aggressive breast cancer cells display a claudin-2-mediated increase in their ability to adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as fibronectin and type IV collagen. Claudin-2 facilitates these cell/matrix interactions by increasing the cell surface expression of α(2)β(1)- and α(5)β(1)-integrin complexes in breast cancer cells. Indeed, claudin-2-mediated adhesion to fibronectin and type IV collagen can be blocked with neutralizing antibodies that target α(5)β(1) and α(2)β(1) complexes, respectively. Immunohistochemical analyses reveal that claudin-2, although weakly expressed in primary human breast cancers, is readily detected in all liver metastasis samples examined to date. Together, these results uncover novel roles for claudin-2 in promoting breast cancer adhesion to the ECM and define its importance during breast cancer metastasis to the liver.
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Seo KW, Kwon YK, Kim BH, Kim CI, Chang HS, Choe MS, Park CH. Correlation between Claudins Expression and Prognostic Factors in Prostate Cancer. Korean J Urol 2010; 51:239-44. [PMID: 20428425 PMCID: PMC2858850 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2010.51.4.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the expression of claudins and prognostic factors in patients with prostate cancer. Materials and Methods The subjects of this study were 48 patients who had undergone surgery for prostate cancer. The Gleason score (6 or lower, 7 or higher), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, T stage, biochemical recurrence, local recurrence, and distant metastasis were compared according to the expression of claudin-1 and claudin-5 in prostate cancer. Results In the group with a low expression of claudin-1, the Gleason score was 7 points or higher in 18 cases (82%) and 6 points or lower in 4 cases (18%). In the group with a high expression of claudin-1, the Gleason score was 7 points or higher in 13 cases (50%) and 6 points or lower in 13 cases (50%). Thus, the low-expression group had more cases with a Gleason score of 7 or higher (p=0.022). The group with a low expression of claudin-5 also had more cases with a Gleason score of 7 or higher (p=0.011). The mean PSA values in the groups with a low and high expression of claudin-1 were 9.6 ng/ml and 5.6 ng/ml, respectively (p=0.007). A low expression of claudin-5 was also associated with a high PSA value (p=0.002). There was no statistical difference in the expression of claudin-1 and claudin-5 by T stage, biochemical recurrence, local recurrence, or distant metastasis. Conclusions The low expression of claudin-1, claudin-5 was associated with a Gleason score of 7 or higher and a high PSA value in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Seo
- Department of Urology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Expression of Tight Junction Protein Claudin-4 in Basal-Like Breast Carcinomas. Pathol Oncol Res 2008; 15:59-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-008-9089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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González-Mariscal L, Lechuga S, Garay E. Role of tight junctions in cell proliferation and cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 42:1-57. [PMID: 17502225 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of a cancerous phenotype by epithelial cells involves the disruption of intercellular adhesions. The reorganization of the E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex in adherens junctions during cell transformation is widely recognized. Instead the implication of tight junctions (TJs) in this process is starting to be unraveled. The aim of this article is to review the role of TJ proteins in cell proliferation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México, DF 07360, México.
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