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Xu J, Olusola G, Footman A, Hansen N, Cheriyan AM, Koganti K, Reddy V, Yezdani S, Eddy V, De’smond H, Bakinde N, Okoli J, Oprea G, Gundry K, Reddy ESP, Rao VN. A Provocative Molecular Link between Mammographic Density and BRCA1-loss associated TNBC. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS AND GENETIC DISORDERS 2019; 1:1-8. [PMID: 33860286 PMCID: PMC8046165 DOI: 10.18689/ijhg-1000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer that has a high mortality rate and disproportionately affects young African American (AA) women who carry mutations in the BRCA1 gene. Approximately 80% of breast cancers which develop in BRCA1-mutant carriers will have TNBC and the molecular mechanism facilitating tumor development is unclear. Our earlier work suggested Ubc9 to play a critical role in BRCA1 loss mediated TNBC cell migration and metastasis. Collagen is one of the major components of the stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) network that influences tissue density. Its re-organization act as a scaffold aiding cancer cells to migrate causing metastasis. Ubc9 is known to increase the production of collagen, a key component of fibroglandular breast tissue, as well as tumorigenesis. Our work is based on the hypothesis that loss of BRCA1 in women with high breast density causes abnormal Ubc9 levels which upregulates collagen, fibronectin and inhibits SIRT1, β-catenin expression facilitating TNBC. We tested this hypothesis by studying the expression of total collagen, fibronectin, Ubc9, SIRT1, β-catenin in BRCA1 mutant TNBC cells and tumor sample derived from patient with dense breasts using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and collagen assay. Our results suggest for the first time that mutation or loss of BRCA1 function in women with fibrocystic breasts can lead to over expression of Ubc9, induction of collagen and; fibronectin, inhibition of SIRT1 and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin which could contribute to TNBC development. This network will aid not only in the identification of potential mechanism-based biomarkers that could detect disease early, but also enforce preventive measures that could reduce the risk for TNBC in women with high MD thus reducing the mortality associated with these cancers to achieve health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Xu
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Gbinigie Olusola
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Alexus Footman
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Nora Hansen
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Aswathy Miriam Cheriyan
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Krishna Koganti
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Vaishali Reddy
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Samir Yezdani
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Vikram Eddy
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Henry De’smond
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Nicolas Bakinde
- Depatment of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Joel Okoli
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Gabriela Oprea
- Department of Pathology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kathleen Gundry
- Department of Pathology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, USA
| | - E Shyam P Reddy
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
| | - Veena N Rao
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, USA
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Wang M, Jiang X. The significance of SUMOylation of angiogenic factors in cancer progression. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:130-137. [PMID: 30261153 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1523854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of endothelial cell migration and proliferation induced by angiogenic factors, which is essential for the development of tumors. In recent years, studies have reported that SUMOylation acts on tumor angiogenesis by targeting angiogenic factors as one of post-translational modifications of proteins. Anti-angiogenic therapy is a new treatment method for tumor treatment following radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and it inhibits tumor growth by blocking tumor blood vessels. Therefore, SUMOylation may become a potential target for anti-angiogenesis therapy. This article focuses on the effect of SUMOylation on vascular growth factors, important signaling pathways proteins, and the migration and function of endothelial cells, in order to provide a new research idea for the anti-angiogenic therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- a Tumor laboratory, Department of Tumor Oncology , The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Lianyungang City , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- b Department of Tumor Oncology , The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Lianyungang City , Jiangsu Province , China
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3
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Sun S, Wu Q, Song J, Sun S. Protein kinase C δ-dependent regulation of Ubiquitin-proteasome system function in breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:1-9. [PMID: 29036789 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Besides the crucial role of hyperinsulinemia in the development of breast cancer with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it has been shown that hyperglycemia could contribute to promote cancer progression. A remarkable association within hyperglycemia, PKCδ and Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been reported, suggesting that PKCδ may mediate high glucose-induced UPS activation in breast cancer cells. Although the independent effects of PKCδ or UPS on breast cancer and T2DM are increasingly supported by experimental evidence, the complex interactional link between PKCδ and UPS is still unclear. Hence, we focus on the relationship between PKCδ and UPS in breast cancer with T2DM. We hypothesize that PKCδ may have the function to regulate the activity of UPS. Further, we speculate that PKCδ combine with proteasome α2 promoter, that indicate PKCδ regulate the function of UPS by change the composition of proteasome. Therefore, we surmise that PKCδ mediated high glucose-induced UPS activation in breast cancer cells, and specific PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin significantly suppressed elevated glucose induced the activity of UPS. We hope that our paper will stimulate further studies the relationship between PKCδ and UPS, and a new targeted therapy and early medical intervention for PKCδ could be a useful option for breast cancer cases complicated with T2DM or hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Xu J, Shumate C, Qin Y, Reddy V, Burnam Y, Lopez V, Okoli J, P Reddy ES, Rao VN. A novel Ubc9 -dependent pathway regulates SIRT1- ER-α Axis and BRCA1-associated TNBC lung metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4. [PMID: 31341634 DOI: 10.15761/imm.1000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease and has a higher rate of recurrence and distant metastasis. African-American (AA) women have a higher frequency of BRCA1 mutations and TNBC compared to other populations. Basal-like tumors have a higher rate of brain, lung and distant nodal metastasis more than other TNBC subtypes, contributing to higher mortality rate. Our previous work suggested Ubc9, a SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme to induce proliferation and migration of BRCA1-incompetent TNBC cells and TNBC cell lines established from the pleural effusion metastasis of a woman with TNBC. To understand the downstream signaling axis involved in distant metastasis we have used clinically relevant BRCA1 mutant and lung metastatic TNBC cell lines and our results show deregulated expression of caveolin-1, VEGF and SIRT1 in these cells compared to normal mammary epithelial cells by immunofluorescence analysis. We observed SIRT1 to be induced by wild type BRCA1a and BRCA1a I26A mutant unlike the disease associated Ubc9 binding mutants in TNBC cells. Knock down of Ubc9 induced SIRT1 expression in TNBC and ER-α expression in breast cancer cells. This is the first report demonstrating a role for Ubc9 in repressing both SIRT1 and ER-α expression in BRCA1 associated TNBC cells. It also suggests that the BARD-dependent E3 Ubiquitin ligase and HR (homologous recombination) activity of BRCA1 may not be required for inducing SIRT1 expression. Our results suggest for the first time that in BRCA1 mutant TNBC Ubc9-mediated induction of VEGF, inhibition of caveolin-1, SIRT1 and ER-α expression as a novel molecular mechanism underlying TNBC EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition) leading to lung metastasis with pleural effusion. Drugs that target Ubc9 to both induce SIRT1 and ER-α or using SIRT1 agonists in combination with chemotherapy can be used as a promising targeted therapeutic approach for treating basal-like metastatic BRCA1-linked TNBC thus reducing the mortality in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Xu
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Collin Shumate
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Yulong Qin
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Vaishali Reddy
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Yonte Burnam
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Victoria Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Joel Okoli
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - E Shyam P Reddy
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Veena N Rao
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
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Agboola AOJ, Ebili HO, Iyawe VO, Banjo AAF, Salami BA, Rakha EA, Nolan CC, Ellis IO, Green AR. Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of Ku 70/80 expression in Nigerian breast cancer and its potential therapeutic implications. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 213:27-33. [PMID: 27914769 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ku 70/80 is a regulator of the Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) roles in clinicopathological features, and has prognostic significance in breast cancer (BC) in Caucasian populations. However, its significance in the Nigerian BC population, which is characterized by a higher rate of the triple-negative and basal phenotype, p53 mutation rate and BRCA1 deficiency, still needs to be investigated. We hypothesize that Ku70/80 expression shows adverse expression in Nigerian BC and, furthermore, that it is likely to have a therapeutic implication for Black BC management. This study investigated the biological, clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Ku 70/80 expression in a BC cohort from a Nigerian population. Ku 70/80 expression was determined in 188 well-characterized formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) BC samples using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Ku 70/80 expression was correlated with clinicopathological, molecular and prognostic characteristics of patients. Ku 70/80 was expressed in 113 (60.1%) tumors, and was positively associated with metastatic disease, triple-negative and basal phenotype, BRCA1 down regulators (MTA-1 and ID4), p-cadherin, PI3KCA and p53 expression. It inversely correlated with BRCA1, BRCA2, BARD1 and p27. Ku 70/80 was predictive of breast cancer-specific survival in multivariate analysis, but not of disease-free interval. This study demonstrated that Ku 70/80 expression is associated with triple negativity and down-regulation of the homologous recombination pathway of DNA repair. Therefore, the development of novel drugs to target KU70/80 may improve the patients' outcome in the treatment of Black BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji O J Agboola
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria.
| | - Henry O Ebili
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Victoria O Iyawe
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Adekunbiola A F Banjo
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | | | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chrstopher C Nolan
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract
SUMOylation is a key post-translational modification that regulates crucial cellular functions and pathological processes. Recently, Small Ubiquitin-related MOdifier (SUMO) modification has emerged as a fundamental route that may drive different steps of human tumorigenesis. Indeed, alteration in expression or activity of one of the different SUMO pathway components may completely subvert cellular properties through fine-tuning modulation of protein(s) involved in carcinogenic pathways, leading to altered cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance and metastatic potential. Here we describe some of the most interesting findings pointing to a clear link between SUMO pathway and human malignancies. Importantly, a putative role for SUMO enzymes to predict cancer behavior can be speculated, and thus the possible application of alterations in SUMO pathway components as tumor biomarkers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mattoscio
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology@ IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology@ IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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Mattoscio D, Casadio C, Fumagalli M, Sideri M, Chiocca S. The SUMO conjugating enzyme UBC9 as a biomarker for cervical HPV infections. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:534. [PMID: 26015803 PMCID: PMC4435752 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect stratified epithelium and are the causative agents of cervical cancer, the second most common cause of cancer-related death in women. A critical aspect that still persists in the HPV field is the selection of very sensitive and specific HPV diagnostic assays. Here, we provide evidence that the crucial small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E2-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 is strongly upregulated in cervical lesions. Ubc9 detection could thus be used in diagnosing and/or monitoring the progression of an HPV oncogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mattoscio
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy ; Equally contributed to this work
| | - Chiara Casadio
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Pathology, 20141 Milan, Italy ; Equally contributed to this work
| | | | - Mario Sideri
- European Institute of Oncology, Division of Gynecology, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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Checkpoint kinase1 (CHK1) is an important biomarker in breast cancer having a role in chemotherapy response. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:901-11. [PMID: 25688741 PMCID: PMC4453942 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Checkpoint kinase1 (CHK1), which is a key component of DNA-damage-activated checkpoint signalling response, may have a role in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis and influence response to chemotherapy. This study investigated the clinicopathological significance of phosphorylated CHK1 (pCHK1) protein in BC. Method: pCHK1 protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in a large, well-characterized annotated series of early-stage primary operable invasive BC prepared as tissue microarray (n=1200). Result: pCHK1 showed nuclear and/or cytoplasmic expression. Tumours with nuclear expression showed positive associations with favourable prognostic features such as lower grade, lower mitotic activity, expression of hormone receptor and lack of expression of KI67 and PI3K (P<0.001). On the other hand, cytoplasmic expression was associated with features of poor prognosis such as higher grade, triple-negative phenotype and expression of KI67, p53, AKT and PI3K. pCHK1 expression showed an association with DNA damage response (ATM, RAD51, BRCA1, KU70/KU80, DNA-PKCα and BARD1) and sumoylation (UBC9 and PIASγ) biomarkers. Subcellular localisation of pCHK1 was associated with the expression of the nuclear transport protein KPNA2. Positive nuclear expression predicted better survival outcome in patients who did not receive chemotherapy in the whole series and in ER-positive tumours. In ER-negative and triple-negative subgroups, nuclear pCHK1 predicted shorter survival in patients who received cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-florouracil chemotherapy. Conclusions: Our data suggest that pCHK1 may have prognostic and predictive significance in BC. Subcellular localisation of pCHK1 protein is related to its function.
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Abstract
Metastasis-associated gene or metastasis tumor antigen 1 (MTA1) is a new member of cancer progression-related gene family. It was first identified in rat mammary adenocarcinoma and later recognized as an important constituent of nucleosomal remodeling complex (NuRD), displaying dual regulatory functions as a co-repressor and co-activator for a large number of genes. Chromatin remodelers are ATP-dependent multi-protein chromatin modifying machines. These complexes alter the nucleosome positioning regulating the accessibility of genomic DNA to various transcription factors and thus modulate eukaryotic gene transcription. Since its identification two decades ago, MTA1 has been reported to be overexpressed in many cancers. Moreover, its overexpression has also been correlated with transformation and tumor progression. Furthermore, MTA1 has been shown to modulate the response of several tumor suppressor genes like p53 and oncogenes like c-myc. Taken together, current literature suggests that MTA proteins, especially MTA1, act as a master co-regulatory molecule involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of various malignant tumors. The primary focus of this review is to provide an overview of the MTA proteins with special emphasis on its role in cancer and use as a marker for cancer progression and potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekjot Kaur
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
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SUMOylation proteins in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144:519-30. [PMID: 24584753 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier proteins (or SUMO) modify the function of protein substrates involved in various cellular processes including DNA damage response (DDR). It is becoming apparent that dysregulated SUMO contribute to carcinogenesis by affecting post-transcriptional modification of key proteins. It is hypothesised that SUMO contributes to the aggressive nature of breast cancer particularly those associated with features similar to breast carcinoma arising in patients with BRCA1 germline mutations. This study aims to assess the clinical and biological significance of three members of SUMO in a well-characterised annotated series of BC with emphasis on DDR. The study cohort comprised primary operable invasive BC including tumours from patients with known BRCA1 germline mutations. SUMO proteins PIAS1, PIAS4 and UBC9 were assessed using immunohistochemistry utilising tissue microarray technology. Additionally, their expression was assessed using reverse phase protein microarray utilising different cell lines. PIAS1 and UBC9 showed cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression while PIAS4 was detected only in the nuclei. There was a correlation between subcellular localisation and expression of the nuclear transport protein KPNA2. Tumours showing positive nuclear/negative cytoplasmic expression of SUMO featured good prognostic characteristics including lower histologic grade and had a good outcome. Strong correlation with DDR-related proteins including BRCA1, Rad51, ATM, CHK1, DNA-PK and KU70/KU80 was observed. Correlation with ER and BRCA1 was confirmed using RPPA on cell lines. SUMO proteins seem to play important role in BC. Not only expression but also subcellular location is associated with BC phenotype.
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