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Neville G, Marzario B, Shilling D, Hand CK, Heffron C. Low incidence of BRAF and NRAS mutations in a population with a high incidence of melanoma. Virchows Arch 2024; 484:475-479. [PMID: 38183457 PMCID: PMC11021271 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Reported rates of BRAF mutation in Irish cutaneous melanoma cohorts are lower than the reported international data. We aimed to assess the mutational status of a cohort of primary cutaneous melanomas and to correlate it with clinical follow-up data.A total of 92 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma diagnosed at a single institution in 2012 were analyzed. Regions containing common mutations in the BRAF, NRAS, KIT, and KRAS genes were investigated by PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing. Demographic details, tumor characteristics, and 10-year outcome data were also obtained.Ten cases with BRAF V600E mutations (11.6%) and five (5.49%) NRAS mutations (4 at Q61R, 1 at Q61K) were detected. No statistically significant differences were noted between groups for age, gender, depth of invasion, nodal status, or recurrence status (p ≥ 0.05).These findings suggest that the Irish population has a markedly lower incidence of BRAF and NRAS mutations in melanoma than those reported in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Neville
- Department of Pathology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - David Shilling
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Collette K Hand
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cynthia Heffron
- Department of Pathology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Vengurlekar V, Shetty O, Gurav M, Bapat P, Karnik N, Wagh G, Epari S, Rekhi B, Ramadwar M, Desai S. BRAF V600E Mutations and Beyond: A Molecular Perspective of Melanoma from a Tertiary Cancer Referral Center of India. South Asian J Cancer 2023; 12:359-370. [PMID: 38130275 PMCID: PMC10733062 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1760759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaibhavi VengurlekarObjectives Malignant melanoma demonstrates frequently occurring mutations of genes in the serine/threonine kinase pathway, namely BRAF, NRAS, and neurofibromin 1. There is rare documentation of a detailed analysis of these mutations in cases of melanoma among Indian patients. We present molecular features in cases of malignant melanoma, diagnosed at a tertiary cancer referral center in India, over a period of 8 years (2011-2018). Materials and Methods This study was performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues of 88 histologically confirmed cases of malignant melanoma. BRAF gene alterations were studied by both Sanger sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques ( n = 74). Molecular testing for BRAF and NRAS gene alterations was accomplished in 74/88 cases (80%). Molecular test results were correlated with clinicopathological features using IBM SPSS Statistical software 25.0. Results The age ranged from 13 to 79 years (median = 57), with a M:F ratio of 1.4:1. BRAF mutations were observed in 12/74 (16.21%) patients, including V600E ( n = 7), A594T ( n = 1), T599 = ( n = 2), V600K ( n = 1), and Q612P ( n = 1), while NRAS mutations were observed in 6/38 (15.7%) patients. Among various subtypes, nodular melanoma was the most frequent subtype (33%) among cutaneous malignant melanomas. Among non-cutaneous melanomas, mucosal melanomas were observed in 37.5% of cases. Conclusion This constitutes one of the few reports on comprehensive analysis of molecular alterations underlying melanomas in Indian patients. A larger sample size, with more extensive molecular markers, would yield additional information on the disease manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhavi Vengurlekar
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Omshree Shetty
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mamta Gurav
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prachi Bapat
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nupur Karnik
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gauri Wagh
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bharat Rekhi
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukta Ramadwar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sangeeta Desai
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Zablocka T, Nikolajeva A, Kreismane M, Pjanova D, Isajevs S. Addressing the importance of melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in disease progression and clinicopathological characteristics. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:255. [PMID: 34671473 PMCID: PMC8521388 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in primary cutaneous melanoma are considered to represent the host's antitumor immunological response; however, whether there are associations between TIL grade and histopathological characteristics and disease survival remains controversial. BRAF mutational status has been established as a routine screening method in advanced malignant melanoma, and worse prognosis rates have been demonstrated in patients harboring BRAF mutations. However, the general impact of BRAF mutational status on survival and histopathological characteristics is still debated. The aim of the present study was to compare the value of the assessment of TIL grade in stages I-II nodular and superficial spreading melanoma and BRAF mutational status, and its influence on clinicopathological characteristics. Altogether, 85 patients at stage IA-IIC who underwent melanoma surgical treatment at the Riga East University Hospital between 2012 and 2017 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. The histopathological characteristics were assessed according to the current World Health Organization and The American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition guidelines. The current study showed that patients with melanoma with high TIL grade had significantly better progression-free survival than patients with low TIL grade (hazard ratio, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.3-11.2; P<0.0001). BRAF mutations were observed in 52 patients (61.2%). BRAF mutational status in melanoma was associated with Clark invasion level (P=0.045), patient age (P=0.02) and TIL (P=0.04). The assessment of TIL grade in stage I-II melanoma demonstrated prognostic significance value and may help improve risk assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Zablocka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, Centre of Pathology, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Institute of Pathology, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, LV-1005 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anna Nikolajeva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Madara Kreismane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Pjanova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Isajevs
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, Centre of Pathology, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, LV-1005 Riga, Latvia
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Frolova AS, Petushkova AI, Makarov VA, Soond SM, Zamyatnin AA. Unravelling the Network of Nuclear Matrix Metalloproteinases for Targeted Drug Design. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E480. [PMID: 33352765 PMCID: PMC7765953 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are responsible for the degradation of a wide range of extracellular matrix proteins, which are involved in many cellular processes to ensure the normal development of tissues and organs. Overexpression of MMPs has been observed to facilitate cellular growth, migration, and metastasis of tumor cells during cancer progression. A growing number of these proteins are being found to exist in the nuclei of both healthy and tumor cells, thus highlighting their localization as having a genuine purpose in cellular homeostasis. The mechanism underlying nuclear transport and the effects of MMP nuclear translocation have not yet been fully elucidated. To date, nuclear MMPs appear to have a unique impact on cellular apoptosis and gene regulation, which can have effects on immune response and tumor progression, and thus present themselves as potential therapeutic targets in certain types of cancer or disease. Herein, we highlight and evaluate what progress has been made in this area of research, which clearly has some value as a specific and unique way of targeting the activity of nuclear matrix metalloproteinases within various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S. Frolova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.F.); (A.I.P.); (V.A.M.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Anastasiia I. Petushkova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.F.); (A.I.P.); (V.A.M.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Vladimir A. Makarov
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.F.); (A.I.P.); (V.A.M.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Surinder M. Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.F.); (A.I.P.); (V.A.M.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.F.); (A.I.P.); (V.A.M.); (S.M.S.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia
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Frequency of mutations in BRAF, NRAS, and KIT in different populations and histological subtypes of melanoma: a systemic review. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:62-70. [PMID: 31274706 PMCID: PMC6940026 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The presence of mutations of BRAF, NRAS, and KIT genes is recognized as playing a role during carcinogenesis. Our study aims to evaluate and review other studies that present the frequency of mutations of BRAF, NRAS, and KIT genes for different populations, and analyse correlation to their clinical-pathological characteristics and to the demographics of melanoma. Thirty-two articles were selected from a collection of published literature studying 6299 patients. The parameters for correlation to different variables were calculated by odds ratio, for random and single effects. 38.5% of patients present BRAF gene mutations, 16.4% in NRAS, and 10% in KIT. Mutations of the BRAF gene were correlated to superficial spreading melanoma (odds ratio = 1.31), localization in the torso (odds ratio = 1.42) and presence of metastases. Mutations in NRAS were correlated to nodular melanoma (odds ratio = 1.57), localized in the limbs (odds ratio = 1.31). Mutations of the KIT gene were correlated to mucosal melanoma (odds ratio = 1.59). Populations in Brazil, the US, Sweden, Italian, and Australia were found to be correlated to mutations of BRAF and melanoma. Populations in Italy, Sweden, Spain, and the US were found to be correlated to mutations of NRAS. Populations in Japan, China, Turkey, Canada, and Russia were found to be correlated to mutations of KIT. Data correlated to the presence of melanoma and population type is due to the amount of studies performed across of globe.
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Guo H, Zhou X, Lu Y, Xie L, Chen Q, Keller ET, Liu Q, Zhou Q, Zhang J. Translational progress on tumor biomarkers. Thorac Cancer 2015; 6:665-71. [PMID: 26557902 PMCID: PMC4632916 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to apply basic research achievements to the clinic. In particular, mechanistic studies should be developed by bench researchers, depending upon clinical demands, in order to improve the survival and quality of life of cancer patients. To date, translational medicine has been addressed in cancer biology, particularly in the identification and characterization of novel tumor biomarkers. This review focuses on the recent achievements and clinical application prospects in tumor biomarkers based on translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Liye Xie
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Center, Huaxi Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China ; Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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