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Bai L, Yan L, Guo Y, He L, Sun Z, Cao W, Lu J, Mo S. Perineural Invasion Is a Significant Indicator of High Malignant Degree and Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:816270. [PMID: 35756642 PMCID: PMC9213664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.816270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perineural invasion (PNI) is a malignant metastatic mode of tumors and has been reported in many tumors including esophageal cancer (EC). However, the role of PNI in EC has been reported differently. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to focus on the role of PNI in EC. Methods Eight databases of CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Scopus, Wiley, ISI, PubMed, and EBSCO are used for literature search. The association of PNI with gender, pathological stages of T and N (pT and pN), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), lymph node metastasis, 5-year overall survival (OS), and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was examined in the meta-analysis by Revman5.0 Software. The pooled OR/HR and 95% CI were used to assess the risk and prognostic value. Results Sixty-nine published studies were screened for analysis of PNI in EC. The incidence of PNI in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) was different, but not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The PNI-positive patients had a significantly higher risk of pT stage (OR = 3.85, 95% CI = 2.45–6.05, p < 0.00001), pN stage (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.52–2.28, p < 0.00001), LVI (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.55–3.85, p = 0.0001), and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.56–5.29, p = 0.0007). Furthermore, the cumulative analysis revealed a significant correlation between PNI and poor OS (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.24–1.51, p < 0.0001), as well as poor DFS (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.38–1.74, p < 0.0001). Conclusion PNI occurrence is significantly related to tumor stage, LVI, lymph node metastasis, OS, and DFS. These results indicate that PNI can serve as an indicator of high malignant degree and poor prognosis in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangying Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyun He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyan Sun
- Department of Special Service, No. 988 Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Saijun Mo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
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microRNA-21 Regulates Stemness in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031275. [PMID: 35163198 PMCID: PMC8835847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and aggressive type of pancreatic cancer (PCa) with a low survival rate. microRNAs (miRs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs that moderate numerous biological processes. miRs have been associated with the chemoresistance and metastasis of PDAC and the presence of a subpopulation of highly plastic "stem"-like cells within the tumor, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we investigated the role of miR-21, which is highly expressed in Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 PDAC cells in association with CSCs. Following miR-21 knockouts (KO) from both MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 cell lines, reversed expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and CSCs markers were observed. The expression patterns of key CSC markers, including CD44, CD133, CX-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1), were changed depending on miR-21 status. miR-21 (KO) suppressed cellular invasion of Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells, as well as the cellular proliferation of MiaPaCa-2 cells. Our data suggest that miR-21 is involved in the stemness of PDAC cells, may play roles in mesenchymal transition, and that miR-21 poses as a novel, functional biomarker for PDAC aggressiveness.
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Role of microRNAs in response to cadmium chloride in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:467-485. [PMID: 34905088 PMCID: PMC8837568 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal and aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate less than 9%. Early detection is particularly difficult due to the lack of symptoms even in advanced stages. microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) are small (~ 18–24 nucleotides), endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which are involved in the pathogenesis of several malignancies including PDAC. Alterations of miR expressions can lead to apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The role of environmental pollutants such as cadmium (Cd) in PDAC has been suggested but not fully understood. This study underlines the role of miRs (miR-221, miR-155, miR-126) in response to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in vitro. Lethal concentration (LC50) values for CdCl2 resulted in a toxicity series of AsPC-1 > HPNE > BxPC-3 > Panc-1 = Panc-10.5. Following the treatment with CdCl2, miR-221 and miR-155 were significantly overexpressed, whereas miR-126 was downregulated. An increase in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the dysregulation of mesenchymal markers such as Wnt-11, E-cadherin, Snail, and Zeb1 was also observed. Hence, this study has provided evidence to suggest that the environmental pollutant Cd can have a significant role in the development of PDAC, suggesting a significant correlation between miRs and Cd exposure during PDAC progression. Further studies are needed to investigate the precise role of miRs in PDAC progression as well as the role of Cd and other environmental pollutants.
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Wnt-11 Expression Promotes Invasiveness and Correlates with Survival in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adeno Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110921. [PMID: 31718047 PMCID: PMC6895970 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, proving difficult to manage clinically. Wnt-11, a developmentally regulated gene producing a secreted protein, has been associated with various carcinomas but has not previously been studied in PDAC. The present study aimed to elucidate these aspects first in vitro and then in a clinical setting in vivo. Molecular analyses of Wnt-11 expression as well as other biomarkers involved qRT-PCR, RNA-seq and siRNA. Proliferation was measured by MTT; invasiveness was quantified by Boyden chamber (Matrigel) assay. Wnt-11 mRNA was present in three different human PDAC cell lines. Wnt-11 loss affected epithelial-mesenchymal transition and expression of neuronal and stemness biomarkers associated with metastasis. Indeed, silencing Wnt-11 in Panc-1 cells significantly inhibited their Matrigel invasiveness without affecting their proliferative activity. Consistently with the in vitro data, human biopsies of PDAC showed significantly higher Wnt-11 mRNA levels compared with matched adjacent tissues. Expression was significantly upregulated during PDAC progression (TNM stage I to II) and maintained (TNM stages III and IV). Wnt-11 is expressed in PDAC in vitro and in vivo and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of the disease; this evidence leads to the conclusion that Wnt-11 could serve as a novel, functional biomarker PDAC.
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Principe S, Mejia-Guerrero S, Ignatchenko V, Sinha A, Ignatchenko A, Shi W, Pereira K, Su S, Huang SH, O'Sullivan B, Xu W, Goldstein DP, Weinreb I, Ailles L, Liu FF, Kislinger T. Proteomic Analysis of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Reveals a Paracrine Role for MFAP5 in Human Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2045-2059. [PMID: 29681158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional communication between cells and their microenvironment is crucial for both normal tissue homeostasis and tumor growth. During the development of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) create a supporting niche by maintaining a bidirectional crosstalk with cancer cells, mediated by classically secreted factors and various nanometer-sized vesicles, termed as extracellular vesicles (EVs). To better understand the role of CAFs within the tumor stroma and elucidate the mechanism by which secreted proteins contribute to OTSCC progression, we isolated and characterized patient-derived CAFs from resected tumors with matched adjacent tissue fibroblasts (AFs). Our strategy employed shotgun proteomics to comprehensively characterize the proteomes of these matched fibroblast populations. Our goals were to identify CAF-secreted factors (EVs and soluble) that can functionally modulate OTSCC cells in vitro and to identify novel CAF-associated biomarkers. Comprehensive proteomic analysis identified 4247 proteins, the most detailed description of a pro-tumorigenic stroma to date. We demonstrated functional effects of CAF secretomes (EVs and conditioned media) on OTSCC cell growth and migration. Comparative proteomics identified novel proteins associated with a CAF-like state. Specifically, MFAP5, a protein component of extracellular microfibrils, was enriched in CAF secretomes. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrated that MFAP5 activated OTSCC cell growth and migration via activation of MAPK and AKT pathways. Using a tissue microarray of richly annotated primary human OTSCCs, we demonstrated an association of MFAP5 expression with patient survival. In summary, our proteomics data of patient-derived stromal fibroblasts provide a useful resource for future mechanistic and biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Principe
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Salvador Mejia-Guerrero
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Vladimir Ignatchenko
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Ankit Sinha
- Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Alexandr Ignatchenko
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Willa Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5T 1P5 , Canada
| | - Keira Pereira
- Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Susie Su
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,Department of Biostatistics , Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Shao Hui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5T 1P5 , Canada
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5T 1P5 , Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,Department of Biostatistics , Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - David P Goldstein
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Ilan Weinreb
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,Department of Pathology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Laurie Ailles
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5T 1P5 , Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
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Qi B, Wang Y, Chen ZJ, Li XN, Qi Y, Yang Y, Cui GH, Guo HZ, Li WH, Zhao S. Down-regulation of miR-30a-3p/5p promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation by activating the Wnt signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7965-7977. [PMID: 29259372 PMCID: PMC5725291 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i45.7965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential role of microRNA-30a (miR-30a) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
METHODS Expression of miR-30a-3p/5p was analyzed using microarray data and fresh ESCC tissue samples. Both in vitro and in vivo assays were used to investigate the effects of miR-30a-3p/5p on ESCC cell proliferation. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was performed to explore underlying mechanisms involved in ESCC, and then, assays were carried out to verify the potential molecular mechanism of miR-30a in ESCC.
RESULTS Low expression of miR-30a-3p/5p was closely associated with advanced ESCC progression and poor prognosis of patients with ESCC. Knock-down of miR-30a-3p/5p promoted ESCC cell proliferation. Increased miR-30a-3p/5p expression inhibited the Wnt signaling pathway by targeting Wnt2 and Fzd2.
CONCLUSION Down-regulation of miR-30a-3p/5p promotes ESCC cell proliferation by activating the Wnt signaling pathway through inhibition of Wnt2 and Fzd2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Periodicals Publishing House, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Guang-Hui Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei-Hao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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Dourado MR, de Oliveira CE, Sawazaki-Calone I, Sundquist E, Coletta RD, Salo T. Clinicopathologic significance of ROCK2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 47:121-127. [PMID: 29052912 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) is an oncoprotein that controls cytoskeleton organization and acts as prognostic marker in different types of solid tumors. ROCK2 overexpression is also observed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), which suggests its relevance within the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to access the prognostic value of ROCK2 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and its association with CAF density. METHODS Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2 immunohistochemical analysis was applied in 93 OSCC samples from 2 centers in Brazil and Finland. The samples were also stained for isoform α of smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) to characterize the presence of CAF in the tumor stroma. Clinicopathological associations were analyzed using Chi-squared test, survival curves were constructed according to the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard model was applied for multivariate survival analysis. RESULTS Advanced clinical stage (P = .002) and increased density of CAF (P = .002) were significantly associated with high ROCK2 expression. The high expression of ROCK2 was also associated with shortened disease-specific survival (HR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.15-4.38, P = .04), but the association did not withstand the Cox multivariate survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that high ROCK2 expression in OSCC is associated with advanced disease and follows the increase in CAF density, which may be important for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio R Dourado
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Carine E de Oliveira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Iris Sawazaki-Calone
- Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Elias Sundquist
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Institute of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, University of Helsinki, and HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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