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Moghaddam MM, Behzadi E, Sedighian H, Goleij Z, Kachuei R, Heiat M, Fooladi AAI. Regulation of immune responses to infection through interaction between stem cell-derived exosomes and toll-like receptors mediated by microRNA cargoes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1384420. [PMID: 38756232 PMCID: PMC11096519 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1384420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are among the factors that account for a significant proportion of disease-related deaths worldwide. The primary treatment approach to combat microbial infections is the use of antibiotics. However, the widespread use of these drugs over the past two decades has led to the emergence of resistant microbial species, making the control of microbial infections a serious challenge. One of the most important solutions in the field of combating infectious diseases is the regulation of the host's defense system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the first primary defense against pathogens by identifying harmful endogenous molecules released from dying cells and damaged tissues as well as invading microbial agents. Therefore, they play an important role in communicating and regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Of course, excessive activation of TLRs can lead to disruption of immune homeostasis and increase the risk of inflammatory reactions. Targeting TLR signaling pathways has emerged as a new therapeutic approach for infectious diseases based on host-directed therapy (HDT). In recent years, stem cell-derived exosomes have received significant attention as factors regulating the immune system. The regulation effects of exosomes on the immune system are based on the HDT strategy, which is due to their cargoes. In general, the mechanism of action of stem cell-derived exosomes in HDT is by regulating and modulating immunity, promoting tissue regeneration, and reducing host toxicity. One of their most important cargoes is microRNAs, which have been shown to play a significant role in regulating immunity through TLRs. This review investigates the therapeutic properties of stem cell-derived exosomes in combating infections through the interaction between exosomal microRNAs and Toll-like receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoleikha Goleij
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yang R, Yang N, Yin P, Xue Z, Sun F, Fan R, Liang J, Lv X, Wu S, Sun L. PCDH8 is a novel prognostic biomarker in thyroid cancer and promotes cell proliferation and viability. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:35. [PMID: 38368303 PMCID: PMC10874333 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Protocadherin 8 (PCDH8), a calcium-dependent transmembrane protein in the protocadherin family, regulates cell adhesion and signal transduction. While some studies have provided indirect evidence that PCDH8 has cancer-promoting properties, this association is controversial. In particular, its involvement in thyroid cancer (THCA) remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the role of PCDH8 in THCA using bioinformatic analysis. Subsequently, the results were experimentally validated. The analysis conducted using the R programming language and online web tools explored PCDH8 expression levels, prognostic, and clinical implications, and its relationship with the tumor immune microenvironment in THCA. Furthermore, we examined the association between PCDH8 and co-expressed genes, highlighting their involvement in several biological processes relevant to THCA. The potential of PCDH8 as a therapeutic target for this pathology was also explored. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on samples from 98 patients with THCA, and experimental validation was carried out. PCDH8 was significantly elevated in cancer tissues and associated with poor prognosis, several clinical factors, and immune cell and checkpoint abundance. Cox regression and survival analyses, together with Receiver Operating Curves (ROC) indicated that PCDH8 was an independent prognostic factor for THCA. Furthermore, PCDH8 impacts cell viability and proliferation, promoting tumorigenesis. Also, it influences tumor cell sensitivity to various drugs. Thus, PCDH8 might be a potential therapeutic target for THCA. IHC, cell culture, MTT, and colony formation experiments further confirmed our findings. This analysis provided insights into the potential carcinogenic role of PCDH8 in THCA, as it impacts cell viability and proliferation. Thus, PCDH8 might play an important role in its prognosis, immune infiltration, and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruida Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Feidi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaFu Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Akhlaghipour I, Fanoodi A, Zangouei AS, Taghehchian N, Khalili-Tanha G, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the Critical Regulators of Forkhead Box Protein Family in Pancreatic, Thyroid, and Liver Cancers. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:1645-1674. [PMID: 36781813 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of human body is mainly regulated by the pancreas, liver, and thyroid using the hormones or exocrine secretions that affect the metabolic processes from food digestion to intracellular metabolism. Therefore, metabolic organ disorders have wide clinical symptoms that severely affect the quality of patient's life. The pancreatic, liver, and thyroid cancers as the main malignancies of the metabolic system have always been considered as one of the serious health challenges worldwide. Despite the novel therapeutic modalities, there are still significant high mortality and recurrence rates, especially in liver and pancreatic cancer patients which are mainly related to the late diagnosis. Therefore, it is required to assess the molecular bases of tumor progressions to introduce novel early detection and therapeutic markers in these malignancies. Forkhead box (FOX) protein family is a group of transcription factors that have pivotal roles in regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. They function as oncogene or tumor suppressor during tumor progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also involved in regulation of cellular processes. Therefore, in the present review, we discussed the role of miRNAs during pancreatic, thyroid, and liver tumor progressions through FOX regulation. It has been shown that miRNAs were mainly involved in tumor progression via FOXM and FOXO targeting. This review paves the way for the introduction of miR/FOX axis as an efficient early detection marker and therapeutic target in pancreatic, thyroid, and liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Fanoodi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Fan Y, Fan X, Yan H, Liu Z, Wang X, Yuan Q, Xie J, Lu X, Yang Y. Hypermethylation of microRNA-497-3p contributes to progression of thyroid cancer through activation of PAK1/β-catenin. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1979-1994. [PMID: 35066776 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-497 (miR-497) has been reported to be a tumor-suppressive miRNA in thyroid cancer (TC), yet the mechanism is not clearly defined. In this study, we aim to determine the mechanism by which miR-497-3p affects the progression of TC. After characterization of low miR-497-3p expression pattern in TC and normal tissues, we assessed the correlation between miR-497-3p expression and clinicopathological features of TC patients. Its low expression shared associations with advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. ChIP and methylation-specific PCR provided data showing that downregulation of miR-497-3p in TC tissues was induced by DNA methyltransferase-mediated hypermethylation. By performing dual-luciferase reporter assay, we identified that miR-497-3p targeted PAK1 while PAK1 could inhibit β-catenin expression. Through this mechanism, miR-497-3p exerted the anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, pro-apoptotic, and anti-tumorigenic effects on TC cells on the strength of the results from gain-of-function and rescue experiments. This study suggested that hypermethylation of miR-497-3p resulted in upregulation of β-catenin dependent on PAK1 and contributed to cancer progression in TC, which highlighted one of miR-mediated tumorigenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Fan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingling Yuan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubo Lu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.
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Song J, Li L, Fang Y, Lin Y, Wu L, Wan W, Wei G, Hua F, Ying J. FOXN Transcription Factors: Regulation and Significant Role in Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1028-1039. [PMID: 37566097 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have demonstrated that cancer development is closely linked to abnormal gene expression, including alterations in the transcriptional activity of transcription factors. The Forkhead box class N (FOXN) proteins FOXN1-6 form a highly conserved class of transcription factors, which have been shown in recent years to be involved in the regulation of malignant progression in a variety of cancers. FOXNs mediate cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, cell differentiation, metabolic homeostasis, embryonic development, DNA damage repair, tumor angiogenesis, and other critical biological processes. Therefore, transcriptional dysregulation of FOXNs can directly affect cellular physiology and promote cancer development. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of FOXNs is regulated by protein-protein interactions, microRNAs (miRNA), and posttranslational modifications (PTM). However, the mechanisms underlying the molecular regulation of FOXNs in cancer development are unclear. Here, we reviewed the molecular regulatory mechanisms of FOXNs expression and activity, their role in the malignant progression of tumors, and their value for clinical applications in cancer therapy. This review may help design experimental studies involving FOXN transcription factors, and enhance their therapeutic potential as antitumor targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Longshan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Luojia Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Gen Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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Kumari M, Acharya A, Krishnamurthy PT. Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:912-926. [PMID: 37701520 PMCID: PMC10494237 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology provides effective methods for precisely delivering chemotherapeutics to cancer cells, thereby improving efficacy and reducing off-target side effects. The targeted delivery of nanoscale chemotherapeutics is accomplished by two different approaches, namely the exploitation of leaky tumor vasculature (EPR effect) and the surface modification of nanoparticles (NPs) with various tumor-homing peptides, aptamers, oligonucleotides, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Because of higher binding affinity and specificity, mAbs have received a lot of attention for the detection of selective cancer biomarkers and also for the treatment of various types of cancer. Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles (ACNPs) are an effective targeted therapy for the efficient delivery of chemotherapeutics specifically to the targeted cancer cells. ACNPs combine the benefits of NPs and mAbs to provide high drug loads at the tumor site with better selectivity and delivery efficiency. The mAbs on the NP surfaces recognize their specific receptors expressed on the target cells and release the chemotherapeutic agent in a controlled manner. Appropriately designed and synthesized ACNPs are essential to fully realize their therapeutic benefits. In blood stream, ACNPs instantly interact with biological molecules, and a protein corona is formed. Protein corona formation triggers an immune response and affects the targeting ability of the nanoformulation. In this review, we provide recent findings to highlight several antibody conjugation methods such as adsorption, covalent conjugation, and biotin-avidin interaction. This review also provides an overview of the many effects of the protein corona and the theranostic applications of ACNPs for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.) 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Significance of miRNAs on the thyroid cancer progression and resistance to treatment with special attention to the role of cross-talk between signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154371. [PMID: 36791561 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most prevalent endocrine malignant tumor. It has many types, the Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC)(most common and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Several risk factors have been associated with TC radiation exposure, autoimmunity, and genetics. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are the most important genetic determinants of TC. They are small chains of nucleic acids that are able to inhibit the expression of several target genes. They could target several genes involved in TC proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, development, and even resistance to therapy. Besides, they could influence the stemness of TC. Moreover, they could regulate several signaling pathways such as WNT/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, JAK/STAT, TGF- β, EGFR, and P53. Besides signaling pathways, miRNAs are also involved in the resistance of TC to major treatments such as surgery, thyroid hormone-inhibiting therapy, radioactive iodine, and adjuvant radiation. The stability and sensitivity of several miRNAs might be exploited as an approach for the usage of miRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in TC.
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LncRNA ATP1A1-AS1 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis in thyroid carcinoma by regulating the miR-620/IRF2BP2 axis. Am J Med Sci 2023; 365:73-83. [PMID: 36002076 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is a common malignancy of the endocrine system. Further understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying THCA is crucial to develop effective diagnostic therapy and improve its treatments. In this study, we intended to provide novel direction for THCA targeted therapy from the aspect of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction. We aimed to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of lncRNA ATP1A1-AS1 in THCA. METHODS Gene expression was assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell growth was detected by CCK-8 and EdU assays. Flow cytometry was applied for analyzing cell apoptosis. The binding of ATP1A1-AS1 or IRF2BP2 to miR-620 was validated by RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter assays. The protein levels were examined by western blotting. RESULTS ATP1A1-AS1 was decreased in THCA cells and tissues. ATP1A1-AS1 overexpression attenuated cell growth and promoted apoptosis. MiR-620, which was upregulated in THCA, was identified as a direct target of ATP1A1-AS1. Furthermore, IRF2BP2 was discovered to be a target of miR-620, which displayed low expression in THCA cells and tissues. Importantly, IRF2BP2 knockdown reversed the influence of ATP1A1-AS1 overexpression on THCA cell proliferation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA ATP1A1-AS1 inhibited cell growth and promotes apoptosis in THCA via the miR-620/IRF2BP2 axis.
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Yu W, Diao Y, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Lv X, Zhang C, Zhang K, Yao W, Huang D, Zhang J. Bioinformatic analysis of FOXN3 expression and prognostic value in pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1008100. [PMID: 36324573 PMCID: PMC9619050 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1008100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cancers, forkhead box N3 (FOXN3) acts as a transcriptional inhibitor to suppress tumor proliferation, but in pancreatic cancer, the opposite effect is observed. To confirm and investigate this phenomenon, FOXN3 expression in various carcinomas was determined using GEPIA2 and was found to be highly expressed in pancreatic cancer. Kaplan-Meier plotter was then used for survival analysis, revealing that high FOXN3 expression in pancreatic cancer might be associated with a poor prognosis. Similarly, clinical samples collected for immunohistochemical staining and survival analysis showed consistent results. The RNA-seq data of pancreatic cancer patients from the TCGA were then downloaded, and the differential expression gene set was obtained using R for gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The intersection of the above gene sets and FOXN3-related genes was defined as related differentially expressed gene sets (DEGs), and enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Finally, we analyzed the relationship between FOXN3 and immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer. Collectively, our findings reveal that FOXN3 is involved in the occurrence and progression of pancreatic cancer and may be useful as a prognostic tool in pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Postgraduates, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongkang Diao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangkang Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangjun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jungang Zhang, ; Dongsheng Huang,
| | - Jungang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jungang Zhang, ; Dongsheng Huang,
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Hamidi AA, Taghehchian N, Basirat Z, Zangouei AS, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of cell migration and invasion in thyroid cancer. Biomark Res 2022; 10:40. [PMID: 35659780 PMCID: PMC9167543 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most frequent endocrine malignancies that is more common among females. Tumor recurrence is one of the most important clinical manifestations in differentiated TC which is associated with different factors including age, tumor size, and histological features. Various molecular processes such as genetic or epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs are also involved in TC progression and metastasis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important biological process during tumor invasion and migration that affects the initiation and transformation of early-stage tumors into invasive malignancies. A combination of transcription factors, growth factors, signaling pathways, and epigenetic regulations affect the thyroid cell migration and EMT process. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important molecular factors involved in tumor metastasis by regulation of EMT-activating signaling pathways. Various miRNAs are involved in the signaling pathways associated with TC metastasis which can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Since, the miRNAs are sensitive, specific, and non-invasive, they can be suggested as efficient and optimal biomarkers of tumor invasion and metastasis. In the present review, we have summarized all of the miRNAs which have been significantly involved in thyroid tumor cells migration and invasion. We also categorized all of the reported miRNAs based on their cellular processes to clarify the molecular role of miRNAs during thyroid tumor cell migration and invasion. This review paves the way of introducing a non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic panel of miRNAs in aggressive and metastatic TC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Hamidi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Basirat
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Lin Z, Chen M, Wan Y, Lei L, Ruan H. miR-574-5p Targets FOXN3 to Regulate the Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820971659. [PMID: 33317407 PMCID: PMC7745553 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820971659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miR) are a class of non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that suppress the translation of protein-coding genes by destabilizing target mRNAs. The MiR-574-5p has been reported to be involved in the several types of cancer. However, the expression of miR-574-5p and its mechanism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unclear. We found that the expression level of miR-574-5p was significantly increased in the NPC cell lines. We further demonstrated that Forkhead box N3 (FOXN3) was a target gene of miR-574-5p. FOXN3 overexpression and inhibition reversed the promoting or suppressing effect, respectively, of NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion caused by miR-574-5p. Furthermore, miR-574-5p enhanced the β-catenin and TCF4 protein expression by repressing FOXN3 expression, resulting in the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, but the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was inhibited by a miR-574-5p inhibitor or FOXN3 overexpression, which reversed the effect of miR-574-5p. Wound-healing and Transwell assays also showed that miR-574-5p promotes the cell migration and invasion of NPC cells, whereas the promoting effect of miR-574-5p was also reversed by a miR-574-5p inhibitor or FOXN3 overexpression. Collectively, these data suggested that miR-574-5p promotes NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion at least partly by targeting the FOXN3/Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Miaoan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Yawen Wan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Liguang Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Huiqing Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Ningde, Fujian, China
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12
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Tabatabaeian H, Peiling Yang S, Tay Y. Non-Coding RNAs: Uncharted Mediators of Thyroid Cancer Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3264. [PMID: 33158279 PMCID: PMC7694276 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent malignancy of the endocrine system and the ninth most common cancer globally. Despite the advances in the management of thyroid cancer, there are critical issues with the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer that result in the poor overall survival of undifferentiated and metastatic thyroid cancer patients. Recent studies have revealed the role of different non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are dysregulated during thyroid cancer development or the acquisition of resistance to therapeutics, and may play key roles in treatment failure and poor prognosis of the thyroid cancer patients. Here, we systematically review the emerging roles and molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs that regulate thyroid tumorigenesis and drug response. We then propose the potential clinical implications of ncRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Tabatabaeian
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Samantha Peiling Yang
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Tay
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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13
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Shomali N, Mahmoodpoor A, Abbas Abad AN, Marofi F, Akbari M, Xu H, Sandoghchian Shotorbani S. The Relationship between Extracellular/intracellular microRNAs and TLRs May Be Used as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach in Sepsis. Immunol Invest 2020; 51:154-169. [PMID: 33054447 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1817067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the leading causes of death in the intensive care unit (ICU) is sepsis. Different studies have been performed on different markers to determine the cause of sepsis. microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that can be released both inside and outside the cell and regulate the target gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the target genes. TLRs play an important role in innate immunity that can be modulated by biological markers such as microRNAs. In this study, we summarized the recent progress on the role of extracellular and intracellular microRNAs in sepsis. It has also been focused on the association of TLRs with extracellular and intracellular micro RNAs in the regulation of sepsis. In conclusion, this study has provided new insight into the role of microRNAs as a regulator of the TLRs which may lead to the aberrant inflammatory response in sepsis. Therefore, it suggests that both intracellular and extracellular microRNAs may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of sepsis via regulating TLRs. However, yet sepsis and septic shock are medical emergencies and further studies are needed to specify the exact role of microRNAs and TLRs in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Siamak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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