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Ogawa M, Tanaka A, Maekawa M, Namba K, Otani Y, Shia J, Wang JY, Roehrl MH. Protein expression of the amino acid transporter SLC7A5 in tumor tissue is prognostic in early-stage colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298362. [PMID: 38722983 PMCID: PMC11081336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins overexpressed in early-stage cancers may serve as early diagnosis and prognosis markers as well as targets for cancer therapies. In this study, we examined the expression of an essential amino acid carrier SLC7A5 (LAT1, CD98, or 4F2 light chain) in cancer tissue from two well-annotated cohorts of 575 cases of early-stage and 106 cases of late-stage colorectal cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry showed SLC7A5 overexpression in 72.0% of early-stage and 56.6% of late-stage cases. SLC7A5 expression was not influenced by patient gender, age, location, or mismatch repair status, although it appeared to be slightly less prevalent in tumors of mucinous differentiation or with lymphovascular invasion. Statistical analyses revealed a positive correlation between SLC7A5 overexpression and both overall survival and disease-free survival in early-stage but not late-stage cancers. Co-expression analyses of the TCGA and CPTAC colorectal cancer cohorts identified a network of gene transcripts positively related to SLC7A5, with its heterodimer partner SLC3A2 having the highest co-expression score. Network analysis uncovered the SLC7A network to be significantly associated with ncRNA such as tRNA processing and the mitotic cell cycle. Since SLC7A5 is also a marker of activated lymphocytes such as NK, T, and B lymphocytes, SLC7A5 overexpression in early colorectal cancers might trigger a strong anti-tumor immune response which could results in better clinical outcome. Overall, our study provides clear evidence of differential SLC7A5 expression and its prognostic value for early-stage colorectal cancer, although the understanding of its functions in colorectal tumorigenesis and cancer immunity is currently rather limited and awaits further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Masaki Maekawa
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kei Namba
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yusuke Otani
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Dolan M, St. John N, Zaidi F, Doyle F, Fasullo M. High-throughput screening of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome for 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline resistance identifies colon cancer-associated genes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad219. [PMID: 37738679 PMCID: PMC11025384 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are potent carcinogenic agents found in charred meats and cigarette smoke. However, few eukaryotic resistance genes have been identified. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) to identify genes that confer resistance to 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ). CYP1A2 and NAT2 activate IQ to become a mutagenic nitrenium compound. Deletion libraries expressing human CYP1A2 and NAT2 or no human genes were exposed to either 400 or 800 µM IQ for 5 or 10 generations. DNA barcodes were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and statistical significance was determined for exactly matched barcodes. We identified 424 ORFs, including 337 genes of known function, in duplicate screens of the "humanized" collection for IQ resistance; resistance was further validated for a select group of 51 genes by growth curves, competitive growth, or trypan blue assays. Screens of the library not expressing human genes identified 143 ORFs conferring resistance to IQ per se. Ribosomal protein and protein modification genes were identified as IQ resistance genes in both the original and "humanized" libraries, while nitrogen metabolism, DNA repair, and growth control genes were also prominent in the "humanized" library. Protein complexes identified included the casein kinase 2 (CK2) and histone chaperone (HIR) complex. Among DNA Repair and checkpoint genes, we identified those that function in postreplication repair (RAD18, UBC13, REV7), base excision repair (NTG1), and checkpoint signaling (CHK1, PSY2). These studies underscore the role of ribosomal protein genes in conferring IQ resistance, and illuminate DNA repair pathways for conferring resistance to activated IQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dolan
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Nick St. John
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Faizan Zaidi
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Francis Doyle
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Michael Fasullo
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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Sui Y, Hoshi N, Ohgaki R, Kong L, Yoshida R, Okamoto N, Kinoshita M, Miyazaki H, Ku Y, Tokunaga E, Ito Y, Watanabe D, Ooi M, Shinohara M, Sasaki K, Zen Y, Kotani T, Matozaki T, Tian Z, Kanai Y, Kodama Y. LAT1 expression influences Paneth cell number and tumor development in Apc Min/+ mice. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:444-457. [PMID: 36739585 PMCID: PMC10140238 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-01960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid transporters play an important role in supplying nutrition to cells and are associated with cell proliferation. L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in many types of cancers and promotes tumor growth; however, how LAT1 affects tumor development is not fully understood. METHODS To investigate the role of LAT1 in intestinal tumorigenesis, mice carrying LAT1 floxed alleles that also expressed Cre recombinase from the promoter of gene encoding Villin were crossed to an ApcMin/+ background (LAT1fl/fl; vil-cre; ApcMin/+), which were subject to analysis; organoids derived from those mice were also analyzed. RESULTS This study showed that LAT1 was constitutively expressed in normal crypt base cells, and its conditional deletion in the intestinal epithelium resulted in fewer Paneth cells. LAT1 deletion reduced tumor size and number in the small intestine of ApcMin/+ mice. Organoids derived from LAT1-deleted ApcMin/+ intestinal crypts displayed fewer spherical organoids with reduced Wnt/β-catenin target gene expression, suggesting a low tumor-initiation capacity. Wnt3 expression was decreased in the absence of LAT1 in the intestinal epithelium, suggesting that loss of Paneth cells due to LAT1 deficiency reduced the risk of tumor initiation by decreasing Wnt3 production. CONCLUSIONS LAT1 affects intestinal tumor development in a cell-extrinsic manner through reduced Wnt3 expression in Paneth cells. Our findings may partly explain how nutrient availability can affect the risk of tumor development in the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Sui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Namiko Hoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Ohgaki
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lingling Kong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Norihiro Okamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Haruka Miyazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuna Ku
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Eri Tokunaga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Makoto Ooi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.,The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoh Zen
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Takenori Kotani
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Matozaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Zibin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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Ma Q, Yang F, Huang B, Pan X, Li W, Yu T, Wang X, Ran L, Qian K, Li H, Li H, Liu Y, Liang C, Ren J, Zhang Y, Wang S, Xiao B. CircARID1A binds to IGF2BP3 in gastric cancer and promotes cancer proliferation by forming a circARID1A-IGF2BP3-SLC7A5 RNA–protein ternary complex. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:251. [PMID: 35986300 PMCID: PMC9389715 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs with important regulatory roles in cancer progression. IGF2BP3 has been found to play oncogenic roles in various cancers including GC, while the exact mechanism of IGF2BP3 is largely unknown. Methods The expression of IGF2BP3 in GC was evaluated by Western Blot and bioinformatics analysis. CircRNA expression profiles were screened via IGF2BP3 RIP-seq in GC. Sanger sequencing, RNase R digestion, nucleo-plasmic separation and RNA-FISH assays were used to detect the existence and expression of circARID1A. RNA ISH assay was employed to test the expression of circARID1A in paraffin-embedded GC tissues. Moreover, the function of circARID1A on cellular proliferation was assessed by CCK-8, plate colony formation, EdU assays and GC xenograft mouse model in vivo. Furthermore, the location or binding of circARID1A, IGF2BP3 protein and SLC7A5 in GC was evaluated by RNA-FISH/IF or RNA pull-down assays. Results We identified a novel circRNA, circARID1A, that can bind to IGF2BP3 protein. CircARID1A was significantly upregulated in GC tissues compared with noncancerous tissues and positively correlated with tumor length, tumor volume, and TNM stage. CircARID1A knockdown inhibited the proliferation of GC cells in vitro and in vivo and circARID1A played an important role in the oncogenic function of IGF2BP3. Mechanistically, circARID1A served as a scaffold to facilitate the interaction between IGF2BP3 and SLC7A5 mRNA, finally increasing SLC7A5 mRNA stability. Additionally, circARID1A was able to directly bind SLC7A5 mRNA through complementary base-pairing and then formed the circARID1A-IGF2BP3-SLC7A5 RNA–protein ternary complex and promoted the proliferation of GC via regulating AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusions Altogether, our data suggest that circARID1A is involved in the function of IGF2BP3 and GC proliferation, and the circARID1A-IGF2BP3-SLC7A5 axis has the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic target for GC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02466-3.
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Artemisinin Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Disturbance in Ulcerative Colitis Rats Induced by DSS. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6211215. [PMID: 35497913 PMCID: PMC9042626 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6211215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed to reveal the possible mechanisms of artemisinin in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) through bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification in UC model rats. Methods Firstly, we searched two microarray data of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between UC samples and normal samples. Then, we selected DEGs for gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The acute UC model of rats was established by using 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 10 days to verify the core pathway. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of artemisinin at the molecular level and used metabonomics to study the endogenous metabolites in the rat serum. Results We screened in the GEO database and selected two eligible microarray datasets, GSE36807 and GSE9452. We performed GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs and found that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the inflammatory response, immune response, and IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, we verified the IL-17 signaling pathway and key cytokines, and ELISA and immunohistochemical results showed that artemisinin could downregulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-17 in the IL-17 signaling pathway and upregulate the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine PPAR-γ. Metabolomics analysis showed that 33 differential metabolites were identified in the artemisinin group (AG) compared to the model group (MG). Differential metabolites were mainly involved in alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Conclusion In this study, we found that artemisinin can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response in UC rats and regulate metabolites and related metabolic pathways. This study provides a foundation for further research on the mechanism of artemisinin in the treatment of UC.
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Lopes C, Pereira C, Medeiros R. ASCT2 and LAT1 Contribution to the Hallmarks of Cancer: From a Molecular Perspective to Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020203. [PMID: 33429909 PMCID: PMC7828050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the amino acid transporters ASCT2 and LAT1 in cancer has been explored throughout the years. In this review, we report their impact on the hallmarks of cancer, as well as their clinical significance. Overall, both proteins have been associated with cell death resistance through dysregulation of caspases and sustainment of proliferative signaling through mTOR activation. Furthermore, ASCT2 appears to play an important role in cellular energetics regulation, whereas LAT1 expression is associated with angiogenesis and invasion and metastasis activation. The molecular impact of these proteins on the hallmarks of cancer translates into various clinical applications and both transporters have been identified as prognostic factors in many types of cancer. Concerning their role as therapeutic targets, efforts have been undertaken to synthesize competitive or irreversible ASCT2 and LAT1 inhibitors. However, JHP203, a selective inhibitor of the latter, is, to the best of our knowledge, the only compound included in a Phase 1 clinical trial. In conclusion, considering the usefulness of ASCT2 and LAT1 in a variety of cancer-related pathways and cancer therapy/diagnosis, the development and testing of novel inhibitors for these transporters that could be evaluated in clinical trials represents a promising approach to cancer prognosis improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lopes
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Carina Pereira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-084-000; Fax: +351-225-084-001
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer—North (LPCC-NRNorte), Estrada da Circunvalação, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
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Okano N, Hana K, Naruge D, Kawai K, Kobayashi T, Nagashima F, Endou H, Furuse J. Biomarker Analyses in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Treated With the LAT1 Inhibitor JPH203. In Vivo 2020; 34:2595-2606. [PMID: 32871789 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Amino acids are among the most important nutrients for supplying energy and building protein blocks in cancers. L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) 1 is known to play a critical role in cancer growth. We have completed the first-in-human phase I study using the LAT1-specific inhibitor JPH203. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated plasma free amino acids (PFAAs), body mass index (BMI), and efficacy of JPH203 in patients enrolled in the phase I study. RESULTS LAT1-substrate PFAAs and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) were higher in patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) than in those with other cancers. High inhibition of uptake of LAT1-substrate PFAAs was associated with survival. BMI of more than the median was associated with disease control and survival. BCAAs tended to be associated with BMI. CONCLUSION BCAAs and BMI are useful predictors of the efficacy of JPH203, which shows promising activity against BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Okano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Naruge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kirio Kawai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Nagashima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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