1
|
Esmaeili N, Bakheet A, Tse W, Liu S, Han X. Interaction of the intestinal cytokines-JAKs-STAT3 and 5 axes with RNA N6-methyladenosine to promote chronic inflammation-induced colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1352845. [PMID: 39136000 PMCID: PMC11317299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1352845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, with a high mortality rate worldwide. Mounting evidence indicates that mRNA modifications are crucial in RNA metabolism, transcription, processing, splicing, degradation, and translation. Studies show that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is mammalians' most common epi-transcriptomic modification. It has been demonstrated that m6A is involved in cancer formation, progression, invasion, and metastasis, suggesting it could be a potential biomarker for CRC diagnosis and developing therapeutics. Cytokines, growth factors, and hormones function in JAK/STAT3/5 signaling pathway, and they could regulate the intestinal response to infection, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Reports show that the JAK/STAT3/5 pathway is involved in CRC development. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/5 (STAT3, STAT5) can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the context of tissue types. Also, epigenetic modifications and mutations could alter the balance between pro-oncogenic and tumor suppressor activities of the STAT3/5 signaling pathway. Thus, exploring the interaction of cytokines-JAKs-STAT3 and/or STAT5 with mRNA m6A is of great interest. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and functions of m6A and JAKs-STAT3/5 and their relationship with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nardana Esmaeili
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ahmed Bakheet
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - William Tse
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shujun Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xiaonan Han
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lenart M, Siemińska I, Szatanek R, Mordel A, Szczepanik A, Rubinkiewicz M, Siedlar M, Baj-Krzyworzeka M. Identification of miRNAs Present in Cell- and Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles-Possible Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2464. [PMID: 39001526 PMCID: PMC11240749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, an increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) prompts a need for the development of new methods for early tumor detection. MicroRNAs (also referred to as miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules that play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs are effectively transferred to extracellular vesicle (EVs) membrane sacs commonly released by cells. Our study aimed to examine the expression of miRNAs in four CRC cell lines and EVs derived from them (tumor EVs) in comparison to the normal colon epithelium cell line and its EVs. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the culture supernatant of SW480, SW620, SW1116, HCT116 and normal CCD841CoN cell lines and characterized according to the MISEV2023 guidelines. MiRNAs were analyzed by small RNA sequencing and validated by quantitative PCR. The performed analysis revealed 22 common miRNAs highly expressed in CRC cell lines and effectively transferred to tumor EVs, including miR-9-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-425-5p and miR-429, which are associated with development, proliferation, invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells, as well as in vesicle maturation and transport-associated pathways. In parallel, normal cells expressed miRNAs, such as miR-369 and miR-143, which play a role in proinflammatory response and tumor suppression. The analysis of selected miRNAs in plasma-derived EVs and tumor samples from CRC patients showed the similarity of miRNA expression profile between the patients' samples and CRC cell lines. Moreover, miR-182-5p, miR-196-5p, miR-425-5p and miR-429 were detected in several EV samples isolated from patients' plasma. Our results suggest that miR-182-5p, miR-196b-5p and miR-429 are differentially expressed between EVs from CRC patients and healthy donors, which might have clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Lenart
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Izabela Siemińska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-AU, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Szatanek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Mordel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital of Cracow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Antoni Szczepanik
- Third Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Rubinkiewicz
- Second Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moradi Z, Kazemi M, Jamshidi-Khalifelou R, Bahramnia V, Esfandmaz F, Rahnavard R, Moradgholi B, Piri-Gharaghie T. CRISPR du-HITI an attractive approach to targeting Long Noncoding RNA HCP5 as inhibitory factor for proliferation of ovarian cancer cell. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:61. [PMID: 38507114 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This research provides a glimmer of hope that the knockout of HCP5 leads to a therapy response to considerably prolong the life of patients with OC. RT-PCR evaluated the expression of lncRNA HCP5 in the ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cell line. CRISPR knockout cell lines validated by western blot. Small genomic deletions at the targeted locus were induced. CCK-8 colony formation assays were used to analyze the effect of HCP5 knockout on the proliferation capacity of OVCAR-3 cells. Transwell migration and invasion assayed. Furthermore, the Sphere-formation assay isolated the most aggressive population of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analysis showed a significant correlation between lncRNA HCP5 up-regulation and OVCAR-3 cell proliferation. The ChIP technique assesses specific sites of interaction between transcription factors and DNA. Real-time PCR assays explored the relationship between HCP5, Hsa-miR-9-5p, CXCR4, CDH1, caspase-3, p53, bcl2 and survivin. PCR carried out amplification of the 448-bp band for sgRNA1 and sgRNA2 after the use of particular primers for HCP5. the number of breast cancer cells that moved to the bottom chamber reduced considerably after transfection with PX461-sgRNA1/2 vectors compared to the Blank control groups (P < 0.05). MTT assay designated growth curves that showed the rate of OVCAR-3 growth was significantly repressed (***P < 0.001) when compared with control OVCAR-3 cells after HCP5 knockdown. Also, the survival results of W.T cells in 24, 48 and 72 h showed 92%, 87% and 85%, respectively. This is while the cells of the CRISPR/Cas9 group in which LncRNA HCP5 was knocked out had 42% (*P < 0.05), 23%(**P < 0.01) and 14% (**P < 0.01) survival, respectively. The expression levels of caspase-3, Hsa-miR-9-5p, P53 genes in the HCP5 deletion of CRISPR/Cas9 group significantly increased than the W.T. control group; the deletion group showed a considerable reduction in HCP5 expression compared to the blank control group (3.6-fold, p < 0.01). Whereas BCL2, SURVIVIN, CXCR4, CDH1 genes expression markedly increased than in HCP5 knockout cells (5.8-fold, p < 0.05). These results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HCP5 disruption on OVCAR-3 cell lines promotes anti-tumor biomarkers, suppressing ovarian cancer progression. Consistent with these results, HCP5 is one of the most critical lnc for the efficient proliferation and migration of OVCAR-3 cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Moradi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mandana Kazemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Roya Jamshidi-Khalifelou
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Bahramnia
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Esfandmaz
- Department of Biology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Rahnavard
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoush Moradgholi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Tohid Piri-Gharaghie
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang Z, Yang M. Molecular Network of Colorectal Cancer and Current Therapeutic Options. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852927. [PMID: 35463300 PMCID: PMC9018988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a leading cause of cancer-related mortalities globally, results from the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in the normal colonic and rectum epithelium, leading to the progression from colorectal adenomas to invasive carcinomas. Almost half of CRC patients will develop metastases in the course of the disease and most patients with metastatic CRC are incurable. Particularly, the 5-year survival rate of patients with stage 4 CRC at diagnosis is less than 10%. Although genetic understanding of these CRC tumors and paired metastases has led to major advances in elucidating early driver genes responsible for carcinogenesis and metastasis, the pathophysiological contribution of transcriptional and epigenetic aberrations in this malignancy which influence many central signaling pathways have attracted attention recently. Therefore, treatments that could affect several different molecular pathways may have pivotal implications for their efficacy. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the molecular network of CRC, including cellular signaling pathways, CRC microenvironment modulation, epigenetic changes, and CRC biomarkers for diagnosis and predictive/prognostic use. We also provide an overview of opportunities for the treatment and prevention strategies in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- The Department of 11 General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Colorectal Hernia Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingli Yang
- The Department of 3Oncology, Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Mingli Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghafouri-Fard S, Hussen BM, Badrlou E, Abak A, Taheri M. MicroRNAs as important contributors in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111759. [PMID: 34091180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most fatal and fourth most frequently diagnosed neoplasm in the world. Numerous non-coding RNAs have been shown to contribute in the development of CRC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are among the mostly assessed non-coding RNAs in CRC. These transcripts influence expression and activity of TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/AKT and other CRC-related pathways. In the context of CRC, miRNAs interact with long non-coding RNAs to influence CRC course. Stool and serum levels of miRNAs have been used to distinguish CRC patients from healthy controls, indicating diagnostic roles of these transcripts in CRC. Therapeutic application of miRNAs in CRC has been assessed in animal models, yet has not been verified in clinical settings. In the current review, we have provided a recent update on the role of miRNAs in CRC development as well as diagnostic and prognostic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Elham Badrlou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|