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Lee WG, Asuelime GE, Asuelime-Smith MBT, Chen SY, Kim ES. Differential RNA Expression Between Metastatic and Primary Neuroblastoma Cells. J Surg Res 2024; 298:240-250. [PMID: 38631173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial malignancy in children. Poor survival in high-risk NB is attributed to recurrent metastatic disease. To better study metastatic disease, we used a novel mouse model to investigate differential gene expression between primary tumor cells and metastatic cells. We hypothesized that metastatic NB cells have a different gene expression profile from primary tumor cells and cultured cells. METHODS Using three human NB cell lines (NGP, CHLA255, and SH-SY5Y), orthotopic xenografts were established in immunodeficient nod/scid gamma mice via subcapsular renal injection. Mice were sacrificed and NB cells were isolated from the primary tumor and from sites of metastasis (bone marrow, liver). RNA sequencing, gene set analysis, and pathway analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed genes and molecular pathways in the metastatic cells compared to primary tumor cells. RESULTS There were 266 differentially expressed genes in metastatic tumor cells (bone marrow and liver combined) compared to primary tumor cells. The top upregulated gene was KCNK1 and the top downregulated genes were PDE7B and NEBL. Top upregulated pathways in the metastatic cells were involved in ion transport, cell signaling, and cell proliferation. Top downregulated pathways were involved in DNA synthesis, transcription, and cellular metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In metastatic NB cells, our study identified the upregulation of biologic processes involved in cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Ongoing studies aim to validate downstream translation of these genomic alterations, as well as target these pathways to more effectively suppress and inhibit recurrent metastatic disease in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Lee
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Grace E Asuelime
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Stephanie Y Chen
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eugene S Kim
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Zhang W, Chen XS, Wei Y, Wang XM, Chen XJ, Chi BT, Huang LQ, He RQ, Huang ZG, Li Q, Chen G, He J, Wu M. Overexpressed KCNK1 regulates potassium channels affecting molecular mechanisms and biological pathways in bladder cancer. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:257. [PMID: 38689322 PMCID: PMC11059691 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the expression, molecular mechanism and its biological function of potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 1 (KCNK1) in bladder cancer (BC). METHODS We integrated large numbers of external samples (n = 1486) to assess KCNK1 mRNA expression levels and collected in-house samples (n = 245) for immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments to validate at the KCNK1 protein level. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed to further assess KCNK1 expression and cellular communication. The transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of KCNK1 expression were explored by ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and ChIA-PET data. Highly expressed co-expressed genes (HECEGs) of KCNK1 were used to explore potential signalling pathways. Furthermore, the immunoassay, clinical significance and molecular docking of KCNK1 were calculated. RESULTS KCNK1 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in BC (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI [0.05; 1.11]), validated at the protein level (p < 0.0001). Upregulated KCNK1 mRNA exhibited highly distinguishing ability between BC and control samples (AUC = 0.82 [0.78-0.85]). Further, scRNA-seq analysis revealed that KCNK1 expression was predominantly clustered in BC epithelial cells and tended to increase with cellular differentiation. BC epithelial cells were involved in cellular communication mainly through the MK signalling pathway. Secondly, the KCNK1 transcription start site (TSS) showed promoter-enhancer interactions in three-dimensional space, while being transcriptionally regulated by GRHL2 and FOXA1. Most of the KCNK1 HECEGs were enriched in cell cycle-related signalling pathways. KCNK1 was mainly involved in cellular metabolism-related pathways and regulated cell membrane potassium channel activity. KCNK1 expression was associated with the level of infiltration of various immune cells. Immunotherapy and chemotherapy (docetaxel, paclitaxel and vinblastine) were more effective in BC patients in the high KCNK1 expression group. KCNK1 expression correlated with age, pathology grade and pathologic_M in BC patients. CONCLUSIONS KCNK1 was significantly overexpressed in BC. A complex and sophisticated three-dimensional spatial transcriptional regulatory network existed in the KCNK1 TSS and promoted the upregulated of KCNK1 expression. The high expression of KCNK1 might be involved in the cell cycle, cellular metabolism, and tumour microenvironment through the regulation of potassium channels, and ultimately contributed to the deterioration of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Song Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Jin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Teng Chi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Qing Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mei Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Karatug Kacar A, Bulutay P, Aylar D, Celikten M, Bolkent S. Characterization and comparison of insulinoma tumor model and pancreatic damage caused by the tumor, and identification of possible markers. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:109. [PMID: 38227104 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Insulinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor. It arises from the uncontrolled proliferation of pancreatic β cells. In this study, we created an insulinoma tumor model in nude mice. INS-1 cells were injected in two different ways, subcutaneously (S.C.) or intraperitoneally (I.P.). Body weight, tumor weight, and size were measured. ELISA kits were used analyze to Glucose, insulin, and CA19-9 levels in serum, pancreas, and tumor tissues. KCNN4, KCNK1, GLUT2, IR, HSP70, HSF1, and HSP90 levels were analyzed by western blotting of membrane and/or cytosolic fractions of tumor and pancreas tissue. Tumor formation occurred in nude mice, but it did not occur in Wistar albino rats. The tumor has neuroendocrine cell morphology. Insulin and CA19-9 levels increased in pancreas tissue. In tumor tissue, KCNN4 levels were higher in both membrane and cytosolic fractions, while KCNK1 levels were lower in the membrane fraction of the S.C. group. HSP70 levels were also lower in the S.C. group. In pancreas tissue, KCNK1 levels were lower in the membrane fraction of the S.C. and I.P. groups. GLUT2 levels increased in both groups according to the control group, while IR levels decreased in the S.C. group compared to the control group. However, HSF1 levels increased in the I.P. group, while HSP90 decreased in the S.C. group in pancreatic tissues. The S.C. group is a more suitable insulinoma tumor model. KCNN4, KCNK1, and HSP70 proteins may be important biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of insulinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Karatug Kacar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, 34134- Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pinar Bulutay
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilara Aylar
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Mert Celikten
- Institute of Health Science, Department of Anatomy, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehnaz Bolkent
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, 34134- Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
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Xia C, Liu C, Ren S, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Xia C. Potassium channels, tumorigenesis and targeted drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114673. [PMID: 37031494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels play an important role in human physiological function. Recently, various molecular mechanisms have implicated abnormal functioning of potassium channels in the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cancer stem cell phenotype formation. Potassium channels also mediate the association of tumor cells with the tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, potassium channels are important targets for cancer chemotherapy. A variety of drugs exert anti-cancer effects by modulating potassium channels in tumor cells. Therefore, there is a need to understand how potassium channels participate in tumor development and progression, which could reveal new, novel targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the roles of voltage-gated potassium channels, calcium-activated potassium channels, inwardly rectifying potassium channels, and two-pore domain potassium channels in tumorigenesis and the underlying mechanism of potassium channel-targeted drugs. Therefore, the study lays the foundation for rational and effective drug design and individualized clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, China
| | - Can Liu
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528099, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Shuangyi Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, China
| | - Yantao Cai
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528099, China
| | - Qianshi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, China.
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528099, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China.
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