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Hefny SM, El-Moselhy TF, El-Din N, Ammara A, Angeli A, Ferraroni M, El-Dessouki AM, Shaldam MA, Yahya G, Al-Karmalawy AA, Supuran CT, Tawfik HO. A new framework for novel analogues of pazopanib as potent and selective human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Design, repurposing rational, synthesis, crystallographic, in vivo and in vitro biological assessments. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 274:116527. [PMID: 38810335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of novel aryl pyrimidine benzenesulfonamides APBSs 5a-n, 6a-c, 7a-b, and 8 as pazopanib analogues to explore new potent and selective inhibitors for the CA IX. All APBSs were examined in vitro for their promising inhibition activity against a small panel of hCAs (isoforms I, II, IX, and XII). The X-ray crystal structure of CA I in adduct with a representative APBS analogue was solved. APBS-5m, endowed with the best hCA IX inhibitory efficacy and selectivity, was evaluated for antiproliferative activity against a small panel of different cancer cell lines, SK-MEL-173, MDA-MB-231, A549, HCT-116, and HeLa, and it demonstrated one-digit IC50 values range from 2.93 μM (MDA-MB-231) to 5.86 μM (A549). Furthermore, compound APBS-5m was evaluated for its influence on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) production, apoptosis induction, and colony formation in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. The in vivo efficacy of APBS-5m as an antitumor agent was additionally investigated in an animal model of Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma (SEC). In order to offer perceptions into the conveyed hCA IX inhibitory efficacy and selectivity in silico, a molecular docking investigation was also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Hefny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Tarek F El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Nabaweya El-Din
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Andrea Ammara
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo, Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo, Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ahmed M El-Dessouki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia, 44519, Egypt; Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (IBMB-CSIC), 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo, Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Tawfik HO, Mousa MHA, Zaky MY, El-Dessouki AM, Sharaky M, Abdullah O, El-Hamamsy MH, Al-Karmalawy AA. Rationale design of novel substituted 1,3,5-triazine candidates as dual IDH1(R132H)/ IDH2(R140Q) inhibitors with high selectivity against acute myeloid leukemia: In vitro and in vivo preclinical investigations. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107483. [PMID: 38805913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, novel substituted 1,3,5-triazine candidates (4a-d, 5a-j, and 6a-d) were designed as second-generation small molecules to act as dual IDH1 and IDH2 inhibitors according to the pharmacophoric features of both vorasidenib and enasidenib. Compounds 6a and 6b for leukemia cell lines showed from low to sub-micromolar GI50. Moreover, compounds 4c, 5f, and 6b described the frontier antitumor activity against THP1 and Kasumi Leukemia cancer cells with IC50 values of (10 and 12), (10.5 and 7), and (6.2 and 5.9) µg/mL, which were superior to those of cisplatin (25 and 28) µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, compounds 4c, 6b, and 6d represented the best dual IDH1(R132H)/IDH2(R140Q) inhibitory potentials with IC50 values of (0.72 and 1.22), (0.12 and 0.93), and (0.50 and 1.28) µg/mL, respectively, compared to vorasidenib (0.02 and 0.08) µg/mL and enasidenib (0.33 and 1.80) µg/mL. Furthermore, the most active candidate (6b) has very promising inhibitory potentials towards HIF-1α, VEGF, and SDH, besides, a marked increase of ROS was observed as well. Besides, compound 6b induced the upregulation of P53, BAX, Caspases 3, 6, 8, and 9 proteins by 3.70, 1.99, 2.06, 1.73, 1.75, and 1.85-fold changes, respectively, and the downregulation for the BCL-2 protein by 0.55-fold change compared to the control. Besides, the in vivo behavior of compound 6b as an antitumor agent was evaluated in female mice bearing solid Ehrlich carcinoma tumors. Notably, compound 6b administration resulted in a prominent decrease in the weight and volume of the tumors, accompanied by improvements in biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mai H A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo 11786, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Zaky
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Dessouki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Omeima Abdullah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervat H El-Hamamsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt.
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3
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Gao Y, Sun J, Li W, Deng W, Wang Y, Li X, Yang Z. Sophoraflavanone G: A review of the phytochemistry and pharmacology. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106080. [PMID: 38901805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds derived from natural sources have long been investigated for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Sophoraflavanone G (SFG), a lavandulyl flavanone naturally occurring in several Sophora plant species, belongs to the group of prenylated flavonoids that have garnered significant interest in contemporary research. The natural molecule exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties and shows remarkable efficacy. Its ability to effectively suppress a range of malignant tumor cells, such as leukemia, breast cancer, and lung cancer, is attributed to its multi-target, multi-pathway, and multi-faceted mechanisms of action. Simultaneously, it can also alleviate various inflammatory diseases by mediating inflammatory mediators and molecular pathways. Furthermore, it has the capability to combat antibiotic resistance, exhibit synergistic antibacterial properties with diverse antibiotics, and prevent and treat various agricultural pests. Theoretically, it can bring benefits to human health and has potential value as a drug. Nevertheless, the drawbacks of poor water solubility and inadequate targeting cannot be overlooked. To comprehensively assess the current research on SFG, leverage its structural advantages and pharmacological activity, overcome its low bioavailability limitations, expedite its progression into a novel therapeutic drug, and better serve the clinic, this article presents a overall retrospect of the current research status of SFG. The discussion includes an analysis of the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, bioavailability, pharmacological activities, and structure-activity relationships of SFG, with the goal of offering valuable insights and guidance for future research endeavors in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jialin Sun
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Biological Science and Technology Department, Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin, China
| | - Weinan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Weizhe Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 962 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Chile
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zhixin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
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Dong M, Yang Z, Gao Q, Deng Q, Li L, Chen H. Protective Effects of Isoliquiritigenin and Licochalcone B on the Immunotoxicity of BDE-47: Antioxidant Effects Based on the Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway and Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:445. [PMID: 38671893 PMCID: PMC11047486 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabrominated biphenyl ether (BDE-47) is a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) homologue that is ubiquitous in biological samples and highly toxic to humans and other organisms. Prior research has confirmed that BDE-47 can induce oxidative damage in RAW264.7 cells, resulting in apoptosis and impaired immune function. The current study mainly focused on how Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) and Licochalcone B (LCB) might protect against BDE-47's immunotoxic effects on RAW264.7 cells. The results show that ISL and LCB could increase phagocytosis, increase the production of MHC-II, and decrease the production of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and co-stimulatory factors (CD40, CD80, and CD86), alleviating the immune function impairment caused by BDE-47. Secondly, both ISL and LCB could reduce the expressions of the proteins Bax and Caspase-3, promote the expression of the protein Bcl-2, and reduce the apoptotic rate, alleviating the apoptosis initiated by BDE-47. Additionally, ISL and LCB could increase the levels of antioxidant substances (SOD, CAT, and GSH) and decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby counteracting the oxidative stress induced by BDE-47. Ultimately, ISL and LCB suppress the NF-κB pathway by down-regulating IKBKB and up-regulating IκB-Alpha in addition to activating the Nrf2 pathway and promoting the production of HO-1 and NQO1. To summarize, BDE-47 causes oxidative damage that can be mitigated by ISL and LCB through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, which in turn prevents immune function impairment and apoptosis. These findings enrich the current understanding of the toxicological molecular mechanism of BDE-47 and the detoxification mechanism of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Qingyuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
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Zhou F, Cai B, Ruan S, Wei Q. Purification, characterization, and antioxidant ability of polysaccharides from Phascolosoma esculentas. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2799-2808. [PMID: 38628168 PMCID: PMC11016387 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharide was extracted from Phascolosoma esculenta (PEP). Two purified polysaccharides (PEP-1 and PEP-2) were obtained by the column chromatography separation method. The molecular weights of PEP-1 and PEP-2 were 33.6 and 5.7 × 103 kDa, respectively. PEP-1 and PEP-2 had the same monosaccharides composition, but their molar ratios varied. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the PEP, PEP-1, and PEP-2 were investigated by scavenging free radicals like 3-ethylbenzoth-iazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), •OH, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Additionally, the in vivo antioxidant activity of PEP-1 was examined using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) organism. Results showed that PEP-1 was much more effective than PEP and PEP-2 at scavenging DPPH, •OH, and ABTS radicals. Additionally, PEP-1 strengthened C. elegans' ability to endure oxidative stress. PEP-1 possessed the in vivo antioxidant capacity, including the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content reducing, and protective effect on antioxidant enzyme activities in C. elegans. In summary, PEP, PEP-1, and PEP-2 might have the potential to develop as functional foods and clinical medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfang Zhou
- College of Life SciencesNingde Normal UniversityNingdeChina
- Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep ProcessingFujian Province UniversityNingdeChina
- State Oceanic Administration Hercynian Special Biological Germplasm Resources and Biological Product Development Public Service PlatformNingdeChina
| | - Binxin Cai
- College of Life SciencesNingde Normal UniversityNingdeChina
- Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep ProcessingFujian Province UniversityNingdeChina
- State Oceanic Administration Hercynian Special Biological Germplasm Resources and Biological Product Development Public Service PlatformNingdeChina
| | - Shaojiang Ruan
- College of Life SciencesNingde Normal UniversityNingdeChina
- Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep ProcessingFujian Province UniversityNingdeChina
- State Oceanic Administration Hercynian Special Biological Germplasm Resources and Biological Product Development Public Service PlatformNingdeChina
| | - Qi Wei
- College of Life SciencesNingde Normal UniversityNingdeChina
- Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep ProcessingFujian Province UniversityNingdeChina
- State Oceanic Administration Hercynian Special Biological Germplasm Resources and Biological Product Development Public Service PlatformNingdeChina
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Cho KH, Baek SH, Nam HS, Bahuguna A, López-González LE, Rodríguez-Cortina I, Illnait-Ferrer J, Fernández-Travieso JC, Molina-Cuevas V, Pérez-Guerra Y, Oyarzabal Yera A, Mendoza-Castaño S. Beeswax Alcohol Prevents Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and Demonstrates Antioxidant Activities in Zebrafish Embryos and Human Subjects: A Clinical Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:409-429. [PMID: 38248328 PMCID: PMC10813917 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the primary instigators of the onset of various human ailments, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia. Particularly, oxidative stress severely affects low-density lipid & protein (LDL) oxidation, leading to several detrimental health effects. Therefore, in this study, the effect of beeswax alcohol (BWA) was evaluated in the prevention of LDL oxidation, enhancement of paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) activity of high-density lipid & protein (HDL), and zebrafish embryo survivability. Furthermore, the implication of BWA consumption on the oxidative plasma variables was assessed by a preliminary clinical study on middle-aged and older human subjects (n = 50). Results support BWA augmentation of PON-1 activity in a dose-dependent manner (10-30 μM), which was significantly better than the effect exerted by coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Moreover, BWA significantly curtails LDL/apo-B oxidation evoked by CuSO4 (final 0.5 μM) and a causes a marked reduction in lipid peroxidation in LDL. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a healing effect of BWA towards the restoration of LDL morphology and size impaired by the exposure of Cu2+ ions (final 0.5 μM). Additionally, BWA counters the toxicity induced by carboxymethyllysine (CML, 500 ng) and rescues zebrafish embryos from development deformities and apoptotic cell death. A completely randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled preliminary clinical study on middle- and older-aged human subjects (n = 50) showed that 12 weeks of BWA (100 mg/day) supplementation efficiently diminished serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total hydroperoxides and enhanced total antioxidant status by 25%, 27%, and 22%, respectively, compared to the placebo-control and baseline values. Furthermore, the consumption of BWA did not exhibit any noteworthy changes in physical variables, lipid profile, glucose levels, and biomarkers pertinent to kidney and liver function, thus confirming the safety of BWA for consumption. Conclusively, in vitro, BWA prevents LDL oxidation, enhances PON-1 activity in HDL, and positively influences oxidative variables in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Baek
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seon Nam
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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Purohit S, Girisa S, Ochiai Y, Kunnumakkara AB, Sahoo L, Yanase E, Goud VV. Scirpusin B isolated from Passiflora edulis Var. flavicarpa attenuates carbohydrate digestive enzymes, pathogenic bacteria and oral squamous cell carcinoma. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:28. [PMID: 38173823 PMCID: PMC10758380 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Passiflora edulis Var. flavicarpa (passion fruit) generates vast waste (60-70%) in the form of peel and seed after the juice extraction. The study aimed to isolate Scirpusin B (SB) from passion fruit (PF) seed waste collected from Northeast India and to analyse its anti-radical, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, and anti-oral cancer activities. Scirpusin B was isolated following hydro-alcoholic extraction, fractionation, and column chromatography. The isolated fraction was further identified through NMR and mass spectroscopy. SB exhibited significant antiradical activity against six standard antioxidant compounds, indicating its commercial application. SB inhibited α-amylase (IC50 Value: 76.38 ± 0.25 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes (IC50 Value: 2.32 ± 0.04 µg/mL), signifying its antidiabetic properties. In addition, SB showed profound antibacterial activity against eight gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria reported for the first time. Furthermore, SB inhibited SAS and TTN oral cancer cell proliferation up to 95% and 83%, respectively. SB significantly inhibited colonies of SAS and TTn cells in the clonogenic assay, attributing to its anticancer properties. The PI-FACS assay confirmed the ability of SB (75 µM) to kill SAS and TTn cells by 40.26 and 44.3% in 72 h. The mechanism of SB inhibiting oral cancer cell proliferation was understood through western blot analysis, where SB significantly suppressed different cancer hallmark proteins, such as TNF-α, survivin, COX-2, cyclin D1, and VEGF-A. The present study suggests that SB isolated from PF seed can add noteworthy value to the waste biomass for various industrial and medical applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03876-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Purohit
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Yuto Ochiai
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Emiko Yanase
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Vaibhav V. Goud
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
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