1
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Kumar S, Soldatos G, Teede HJ, Pallin M. Effects of modulator therapies on endocrine complications in adults with cystic fibrosis: a narrative review. Med J Aust 2023; 219:496-502. [PMID: 37839059 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which transports chloride ions in secretory organs. Modulator therapies are small molecules that correct CFTR dysfunction and can lead to a wide range of benefits for both pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications of cystic fibrosis. With advancements in airway, antimicrobial and nutritional therapies and now introduction of modulator therapies, most people living with cystic fibrosis in Australia are now adults. For adults with cystic fibrosis, endocrine manifestations such as cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, metabolic bone disease, and reproductive health are becoming increasingly important, and emerging evidence on the endocrine effects of CFTR modulator therapies is promising and is shifting paradigms in our understanding and management of these conditions. The management of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes will likely need to pivot for high responders to modulator therapy with dietary adaptions and potential use of medications traditionally reserved for adults with type 2 diabetes, but evidence to support changing clinical care needs is currently lacking. Increased attention to diabetes-related complications screening will also be required. Increased exercise capacity due to improved lung function, nutrition and potentially direct modulator effect may have a positive impact on cystic fibrosis-related bone disease, but supporting evidence to date is limited. Fertility can improve in women with cystic fibrosis taking modulator therapy. This has important implications for pregnancy and lactation, but evidence is lacking to guide pre-conception and antenatal management. Provision of multidisciplinary clinical care remains ever-important to ensure the emergence of endocrine and metabolic complications are optimised in adults with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanal Kumar
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Georgia Soldatos
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC
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2
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Zhu Y, Li D, Reyes-Ortega F, Chinnery HR, Schneider-Futschik EK. Ocular development after highly effective modulator treatment early in life. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265138. [PMID: 37795027 PMCID: PMC10547496 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly effective cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies (HEMT), including elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor, correct the underlying molecular defect causing CF. HEMT decreases general symptom burden by improving clinical metrics and quality of life for most people with CF (PwCF) with eligible CFTR variants. This has resulted in more pregnancies in women living with CF. All HEMT are known to be able pass through the placenta and into breast milk in mothers who continue on this therapy while pregnant and breast feeding. Toxicity studies of HEMT in young rats demonstrated infant cataracts, and case reports have reported the presence of congenital cataracts in early life exposure to HEMT. This article reviews the evidence for how HEMT influences the dynamic and interdependent processes of healthy and abnormal lens development in the context of HEMT exposure during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and raises questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Felisa Reyes-Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital and University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Holly R. Chinnery
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elena K. Schneider-Futschik
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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3
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Yaacoby-Bianu K, Schnapp Z, Koren I, Ilivitzki A, Khatib M, Shorbaji N, Shteinberg M, Livnat G. Real life evaluation of the multi-organ effects of Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor on F508del homozygous cystic fibrosis patients. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:80. [PMID: 36266606 PMCID: PMC9585743 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor (LUM-IVA), a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein corrector-potentiator combination, improves lung function and reduces pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in F508del homozygous CF patients. However, the systemic effects of LUM-IVA outside the respiratory system have not yet been thoroughly investigated. METHODS A prospective, real-world, yearlong study was performed on F508del homozygous adult CF patients who commenced treatment with LUM-IVA. Pancreatic function, bone metabolism, fertility status, nutritional and pulmonary factors were evaluated. RESULTS Twelve patients, mean age 28.3 years (18.6-43.9) were recruited. Following 12 months of treatment, no changes were detected in glucose, insulin, c-peptide or BMI values. A significant relative decrease in mean alkaline-phosphatase levels (122.8 U/L vs 89.4, p = 0.002) and a trend toward an increase in calcium levels (9.5 vs 9.9 mg/dL, p = 0.074) were observed. A non-significant improvement in mean DEXA spine t-score after a year of treatment (-2.1 vs -1.6, n = 4, p = 0.11) was detected. Sweat chloride concentrations decreased significantly (-21.4 mEq/L; p = 0.003). Pulmonary outcome revealed improvement in spirometry values during the first three months (FEV1 by 5.7% p = 0.009, FEF25-75 by 4.3% p = 0.001) with no change in chest CT Bhalla score and CFQR after one year. There was also a significant decrease in parenteral antibiotic events (17 vs 8, p = 0.039) with shift from IV to oral antibiotics for PEx treatment. CONCLUSIONS After one year of treatment, stabilization was observed in the pancreatic indices, nutritional status, structure and function of the lungs, with a beneficial effect on bone mineral metabolism and CFTR function. Additional studies should investigate the effect of CFTR modulators on extra-pulmonary manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Yaacoby-Bianu
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, 7 Michal St, 3436212, Haifa, Israel.,B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zeev Schnapp
- B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilana Koren
- B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Ilivitzki
- B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Pediatric Radiology Unit, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mohamed Khatib
- B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nadeem Shorbaji
- B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Shteinberg
- B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Pulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galit Livnat
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, 7 Michal St, 3436212, Haifa, Israel. .,B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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4
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Braham I, Morisot A, Boukaïdi S, Perceval M, Durieu I, Rousset-Jablonski C, Hieronimus S, Leroy S, Chevalier N. The Prognosis of ART Is Not Altered in Cystic Fibrosis Women: A Case-Report Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:773753. [PMID: 35265034 PMCID: PMC8898889 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.773753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Unlike in men, a very limited number of studies were focused on the specificity of ART management of cystic fibrosis (CF) in women. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of infertility in patients, the appropriate ART treatment, and their prognosis in terms of pregnancy. DESIGN We conducted a multicentre analytical case-control study including CF women who were age-matched to non-CF women. We reported the causes of infertility, the ART management type and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS 17 cases were compared to 34 controls. There was no significant difference between the groups concerning cause infertility. There was a non-statistically significant trend with a lower antral follicle count in CF compared to controls (19.5 versus 26.8, p=0.08). IUI seemed to be as successful as IVF/ICSI in CF as opposed to controls where the IVF/ICSI was the most effective (in CF group for HCG >100 UI/L: 38.8% vs. 36.8%, p=0.4175). There were more embryos obtained in CF than in controls (3.1 versus 1.6, p=0.02). The number of oocytes and embryos obtained and pregnancy outcomes remained similar between DF508 homozygous group and others CFTR mutations group. The results of ART procedures and pregnancy evolution were not influenced by FEV1. CONCLUSION In absence of any other pathology, IUI may be first option for CF women. If insemination fails, IVF with a low dose of gonadotropins may be more appropriate to prevent the risk of hyperstimulation syndrome. FEV1 and genetic do not seem to be contributing factors in the prognosis of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Braham
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU de Nice, Département d’Endocrinologie-Diabétologie et Reproduction, Nice, France
| | - Adeline Morisot
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU de Nice, Département de Santé Publique, Nice, France
| | - Samir Boukaïdi
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU de Nice, Centre d’aide médicale à la procréation, Nice, France
| | - Marie Perceval
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Durieu
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Lyon, France
| | | | - Sylvie Hieronimus
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU de Nice, Département d’Endocrinologie-Diabétologie et Reproduction, Nice, France
| | - Sylvie Leroy
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU de Nice, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU de Nice, Département d’Endocrinologie-Diabétologie et Reproduction, Nice, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm U1065, C3M, Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Chevalier,
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5
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Jain R, Taylor-Cousar JL. Fertility, Pregnancy and Lactation Considerations for Women with CF in the CFTR Modulator Era. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050418. [PMID: 34063507 PMCID: PMC8156060 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder impacting approximately 80,000 people of all races and ethnicities world-wide. CF is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which encodes a protein of the same name. Protein dysfunction results in abnormal chloride and bicarbonate transport in mucus membranes, including those in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. Abnormal anion transport causes viscous secretions at the site of involvement. The majority of people with CF succumb to respiratory failure following recurrent cycles of infection and inflammation in the airways. Historically, providers treated the signs and symptoms of CF, but since 2012, have been able to impact the basic defect for the subset of people with CF who have mutations that respond to the new class of drugs, CFTR protein modulators. With the improved health and longevity afforded by CFTR modulators, more women are interested in parenthood and are becoming pregnant. Furthermore, this class of drugs likely increases fertility in women with CF. However, the safety of CFTR modulators in pregnancy and lactation is only beginning to be established. We summarize available data on the impact of CFTR modulators on fertility, pregnancy and lactation in women with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Jain
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Taylor-Cousar
- National Jewish Health, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Pulmonary, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ramos KJ, Pilewski JM, Taylor-Cousar JL. Challenges in the use of highly effective modulator treatment for cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:381-387. [PMID: 33531206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen development of oral, small molecule therapies that address the basic cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein defect. Highly effective modulator treatment (HEMT) that is efficacious for a large majority of people living with cystic fibrosis (CF) promises to change the landscape of this chronic life-limiting disease. Some people living with CF have a CFTR genotype that renders them eligible for HEMT, but also have comorbidities that excluded them from the original Phase III clinical trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval. The purpose of this review is to address the use of HEMT in challenging situations, including initiation for those with advanced CF lung disease, and use after solid organ transplant, during pregnancy, and for individuals with CFTR-related disorders without a definitive diagnosis of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Ramos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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7
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The Extrapulmonary Effects of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators in Cystic Fibrosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 17:147-154. [PMID: 31661636 PMCID: PMC6993798 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201909-671cme] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators on lung function, pulmonary exacerbations, and quality of life have been well documented. However, CF is a multiorgan disease, and therefore an evidence base is emerging on the systemic effects of CFTR modulators beyond the pulmonary system. This is of great clinical importance, as many of these studies provide proof of concept that CFTR modulators might be used one day to prevent or treat extrapulmonary manifestations stemming from CFTR dysfunction. In this concise review of the literature, we summarize the results of key publications that have evaluated the effects of CFTR modulators on weight and growth, pancreatic function, the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems, sinus disease, bone disease, exercise tolerance, fertility, mental health, and immunity. Although many of these studies have reported beneficial extrapulmonary effects related to the use of ivacaftor (IVA) in patients with CF with at least one gating mutation, most of the evidence is low or very low quality, given the limited number of patients evaluated and the lack of control groups. Based on an even smaller number of studies evaluating the extrapulmonary effects of lumacaftor-IVA, the benefits are less clear. Although limited, these studies may provide the basis for future clinical trials to evaluate CFTR modulators on the extrapulmonary manifestations of CF.
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8
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Taylor-Cousar JL. CFTR Modulators: Impact on Fertility, Pregnancy, and Lactation in Women with Cystic Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092706. [PMID: 32825766 PMCID: PMC7563981 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. These mutations lead to abnormal ion transport in mucous membranes throughout the body, including in the respiratory and gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. Improvements in care and therapy have led to substantial increases in the quantity and quality of life for those with CF. Consequently, women with CF are increasingly interested in having families. Although pregnancy was once discouraged for women with CF, at this point, even women with moderately severe lung disease can successfully navigate pregnancy. With the recent approval of a triple combination CFTR modulator therapy that improves lung function, nutritional status, and quality of life for people with a single copy of the most common CFTR mutation, it is expected that the number of women with CF who choose to become pregnant will continue to increase. Although animal reproduction models show no alarming signals for use during pregnancy at normal human doses, there is a paucity of human safety data in pregnancy and lactation. This review summarizes what is currently known about the impact of use of CFTR modulators on fertility, pregnancy, and lactation in women with CF.
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9
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Qiu F, Habgood M, Schneider-Futschik EK. The Balance between the Safety of Mother, Fetus, and Newborn Undergoing Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Treatments during Pregnancy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:835-843. [PMID: 33073185 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of modulators of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has allowed the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis patients to increase substantially resulting in more women with cystic fibrosis reaching child-bearing age. This however raises the issue of whether long-term use of CFTR modulators during pregnancy and breastfeeding is safe for the fetus and newborn, especially for their developing brain. A very limited number of case reports available so far has shown that the fetus or breastfed newborn is likely to be exposed to maternally administered CFTR modulators. Potential impacts of drug exposure on the developing brain are of particular importance as the consequences might not be immediately noticeable upon birth but may manifest later in life as permanent neurobehavioral problems. In order for drugs in maternal circulation to enter the fetal brain, they must overcome the placental barrier followed by a series of brain barriers, each consisting of cellular components and physiological mechanisms such as efflux transporters. The extent of protection they offer during development will provide valuable insights into the potential entry and the effects of CFTR modulators in the developing brain. This review aims to explore the current understanding of the safety of CFTR modulators, especially ivacaftor, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ivacaftor, both under normal conditions and during pregnancy, to provide context for its potential impact on the developing brain. Finally, we discuss the determinants that need to be taken into consideration when investigating the entry of drugs into the fetus and newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mark Habgood
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elena K Schneider-Futschik
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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10
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Godfrey EM, Mody S, Schwartz MR, Heltshe SL, Taylor-Cousar JL, Jain R, Sufian S, Josephy T, Aitken ML. Contraceptive use among women with cystic fibrosis: A pilot study linking reproductive health questions to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation National Patient Registry. Contraception 2020; 101:420-426. [PMID: 32109430 PMCID: PMC7494372 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine contraceptive use, pregnancy intention and the association of hormonal contraceptive type with adverse health outcomes among women with cystic fibrosis (CF). STUDY DESIGN We recruited 150 women with CF, ages 18-49 from three adult CF programs to complete an online survey regarding their pregnancy and contraceptive use history. Survey findings were merged with retrospective clinical information from the CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR). We used descriptive analyses to report contraceptive method and pregnancy frequencies, and logistic regression to examine the association between contraceptive method type and adverse health outcomes. RESULTS Combined hormonal contraceptives were the most commonly used methods (42%), followed by condoms (34%), and long-acting reversible contraceptives methods (27%). Thirty-three percent (n = 50) reported ever being pregnant, half of whom reported having at least one unplanned pregnancy. We found no significant association for mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection among progestin-only (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 0.07-32.2) and estrogen-containing hormonal contraceptive users (aOR 3.9, 95 % CI 0.20-76.5). Risk of osteoporosis was elevated among women with CF who used depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate compared to non-users (OR 5.36, 95% CI 1.00-29.12). CONCLUSIONS Both contraceptive use and unplanned pregnancy among women with CF are common. Associations between hormonal contraceptive use and adverse pulmonary or bone outcomes among women with CF are inconclusive due to the study s small sample size. Larger studies are warranted. IMPLICATIONS Women with CF should be informed about the risks and benefits of contraceptives in the context of their disease. CFFPR data capturing contraceptive method use may be the most efficient way to elucidate the association of hormonal contraceptives on disease in women with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Godfrey
- Department of Family Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Sheila Mody
- Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Malaika R Schwartz
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonya L Heltshe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Development Network, Seattle Children s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Raksha Jain
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sandra Sufian
- Departments of Medical Education and of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine and College of Applied Health Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tatiana Josephy
- Department of Family Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Moira L Aitken
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Ladores S, Bray LA, Brown J. Two Unanticipated Pregnancies While on Cystic Fibrosis Gene-Specific Drug Therapy. J Patient Exp 2019; 7:4-7. [PMID: 32128363 PMCID: PMC7036671 DOI: 10.1177/2374373519826556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with cystic fibrosis (CF) desire to become pregnant and accomplish the same life
goals as women without CF. The underlying pathology of CF and medications used to treat
this genetically transmitted disease can affect women’s reproductive potential. An
interview with Ana (pseudonym), who became pregnant twice while taking the medication
lumacaftor/ivacaftor (LUMA/IVA), was analyzed using thematic analysis. She described her
experiences related to “Fertility and Pregnancy Surrounding LUMA/IVA,” the major theme
that emerged from her narrative. While there are anecdotal reports of infants conceived by
women on LUMA/IVA and other CF precision medications, pregnancy rates and outcomes are not
systematically tracked. Education about risks and benefits of these medications should be
provided as part of comprehensive clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Ladores
- School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Bray
- School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Janet Brown
- School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Kazmerski TM, Gmelin T, Slocum B, Borrero S, Miller E. Attitudes and Decision Making Related to Pregnancy Among Young Women with Cystic Fibrosis. Matern Child Health J 2018; 21:818-824. [PMID: 27531009 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-2181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The number of female patients with CF able to consider pregnancy has increased with improved therapies. This study explored attitudes and decision making regarding pregnancy among young women with CF. Methods Twenty-two women with CF ages 18-30 years completed semi-structured, in-person interviews exploring experiences with preconception counseling and reproductive care in the CF setting. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using a thematic analysis approach. Results Participants indicated CF is a major factor in pregnancy decision making. Although women acknowledged that CF influences attitudes toward pregnancy, many expressed confusion about how CF can affect fertility/pregnancy. Many perceived disapproval from CF providers regarding pregnancy and were dissatisfied with reproductive care in the CF setting. Discussion Young female patients with CF reported poor understanding of the effect of CF on fertility and pregnancy and limited preconception counseling in CF care. Improvements in female sexual and reproductive health care in CF are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci M Kazmerski
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave. AOB 3rd Floor Suite 3300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| | - Theresa Gmelin
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave. AOB 3rd Floor Suite 3300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Breonna Slocum
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sonya Borrero
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and VA Pittsburgh Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave. AOB 3rd Floor Suite 3300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
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Heltshe SL, Godfrey EM, Josephy T, Aitken ML, Taylor-Cousar JL. Pregnancy among cystic fibrosis women in the era of CFTR modulators. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:687-694. [PMID: 28190780 PMCID: PMC5550358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how new therapies that partially correct the basic cystic fibrosis (CF) defect (ivacaftor and lumacaftor) might alter hormonal contraceptive effectiveness, impact pregnancy outcomes, or affect pregnancy timing. Examination of pregnancy rates among CF women during periods of CFTR modulator therapy initiation will provide foundation for further research in this area. METHODS The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry was used to examine pregnancy rates and outcomes by genotype class before, during, and after the introduction of CFTR modulator therapies between 2005 and 2014. RESULTS Among women with CF, ages 15-44years, there was a slight downward trend in annual pregnancy rates from 2005 to 2014 (2% reduction per year, p=0.041). Among women with G551D, pregnancy rates during phase 3 ivacaftor trial years was 14.4/1000 women-years compared to 34.0/1000 prior to the trial period (relative risk [RR]=0.65; 95% CI=0.43-0.96; p=0.011) and 38.4/1000 after drug approval in June 2012 (RR=1.52 post-approval compared to trial period; 95% CI=1.26, 1.83; p<0.001). Pregnancy outcomes did not significantly change between 2005 and 2014 for any genotype class. CONCLUSION Evidence of significantly increased numbers of pregnancies among women taking approved CFTR modulators is important because of the unknown risk to pregnancy and fetal outcomes. Increases may be temporary following pregnancy prevention during controlled clinical trials, or from altered perceptions about maternal survival with new approved treatments. As more women with CF become eligible to receive modulators, the CF community must study their effect on contraceptive efficacy and safety during pregnancy. With increased health and survival due to modulation, family planning topics will become more common in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya L Heltshe
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98145, USA.
| | - Emily M Godfrey
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, 4311 11th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4311 11th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Tatiana Josephy
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, 4311 11th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4311 11th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Moira L Aitken
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 1959 N.E. Pacific, Campus Box 356522, Seattle, WA 98195-6522, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar
- National Jewish Health Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 1400 Jackson St. Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Ladores S, Kazmerski TM, Rowe SM. A Case Report of Pregnancy During Use of Targeted Therapeutics for Cystic Fibrosis. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2016; 46:72-77. [PMID: 27875677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutics, such as ivacaftor, and the combination drug lumacaftor/ivacaftor that target the underlying genetic cause of cystic fibrosis are being hailed as game-changers in this era of personalized medicine. Although these drugs improve lung function, their effects on female fertility have not been studied. In this case report we describe one woman's experience with ivacaftor and her unanticipated pregnancy. Implications related to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care for women with cystic fibrosis are presented.
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