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Bojesen KB, Rostrup E, Sigvard AK, Mikkelsen M, Edden RAE, Ebdrup BH, Glenthøj B. The Trajectory of Prefrontal GABA Levels in Initially Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients With Psychosis During 2 Years of Treatment and Associations With Striatal Cerebral Blood Flow and Outcome. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:703-713. [PMID: 38145706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) function in the prefrontal cortex seems dysfunctional in patients with first-episode psychosis, but the impact of longer-term treatment and relationship to clinical outcomes and striatal activity are unknown. METHODS A longitudinal study of 39 antipsychotic-naïve and benzodiazepine-free patients with psychosis (22.4 ± 5.4 years, 64% women) and 54 matched healthy control participants (HCs) (22.2 ± 4.3 years, 61% women) who were followed up after 6 weeks (28 patients, 51 HCs), 6 months (17 patients, 47 HCs), and 2 years (21 patients, 43 HCs) was completed. GABA levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and striatal resting cerebral blood flow were assessed on a 3T magnetic resonance scanner at all visits. RESULTS GABA levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex were significantly lower in patients at baseline and after 6 weeks but not after 6 months or 2 years. Analyses of groups separately revealed decreased GABA levels after 2 years in HCs but stable levels in patients. Treatment increased striatal resting cerebral blood flow after 6 weeks and 6 months but not after 2 years. GABA levels were negatively associated with striatal resting cerebral blood flow in both groups at all visits. Last, lower baseline GABA levels in patients were related to less functional improvement after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a different trajectory of GABA levels and striatal perfusion in first-episode patients over 2 years of antipsychotic treatment compared with HCs and indicate a downregulatory role of prefrontal GABAergic function on the striatum. Moreover, abnormally low prefrontal GABA level at illness onset may be a marker for a more severe prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Borup Bojesen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Korning Sigvard
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bjørn Hylsebeck Ebdrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kim H, Kim Y, Shin MH, Park YJ, Park HE, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Park MJ, Kim EJ, Jeon HJ. Early psychiatric referral after attempted suicide helps prevent suicide reattempts: A longitudinal national cohort study in South Korea. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:607892. [PMID: 36147991 PMCID: PMC9486390 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.607892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although people who attempted suicide tend to repeat suicide attempts, there is a lack of evidence on the association between psychiatric service factors and suicide reattempt among them. METHODS We used a nationwide, population-based medical record database of South Korea to investigate the use of psychiatric services before and after the index suicide attempt and the association between psychiatric service factors after the index suicide attempt with the risk of suicide reattempt. RESULTS Among 5,874 people who had attempted suicide, the all-cause mortality within 3 months after the suicide attempt was 11.6%. Among all subjects who attempted suicide, 30.6% of them had used psychiatric services within 6 months before the suicide attempt; 43.7% of them had used psychiatric services within 3 months after the suicide attempt. Among individuals who had visited clinics following attempted suicide, the cumulative incidence of suicide reattempt over a mean follow-up period of 5.1 years was 3.4%. About half of suicide reattempts occurred within 1 year after the index suicide attempt. Referral to psychiatric services within 7 days was associated with a decreased risk of suicide reattempt (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence intervals, 0.29-0.89). CONCLUSION An early psychiatric referral within 1 week after a suicide attempt was associated with a decreased risk of suicide reattempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuwon Kim
- Department of Data Science, Evidnet, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Shin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Jung Park
- Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mi Jin Park
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Sun H, You Y, Xue B, Xiao S, Lu Y, Ma H, Hou Y, Yu B, Pan X. Effect of DRD4 Receptor -616 C/G Polymorphism on Thalamic GABA Levels in Pediatric Patients With Primary Nocturnal Enuresis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1857-1864. [PMID: 34121249 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) promoter (-616; rs747302) is associated with abnormalities of the thalamus in children suffering from primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE). PURPOSE To investigate the effect of DRD4 -616 C/G SNP on thalamic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in PNE children. STUDY TYPE Prospective, observational. SUBJECTS One hundred and seventy-six children with PNE and 161 healthy control children. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T, three-dimensional T1-weighted turbo field echo sequence and MEscher-Garwood Point RESolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) MRS sequence. ASSESSMENT The MEGA-PRESS MRS sequence was used to measure thalamic GABA spectra. The thalamic GABA+ level was calculated using the Gannet 3.0 software package for each participant. A questionnaire was used to determine arousal from sleep (AS) scores. STATISTICAL TESTS Comparisons of the AS scores and thalamic GABA+ levels were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test between C-allele carriers and GG homozygotes in the PNE and control groups. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to determine the association between AS scores and thalamic GABA levels in PNE children. RESULTS Thalamic GABA levels in the PNE group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (0.178 (0.169-0.186) vs. 0.154 (0.146-0.164), Z = 8.526, Pcorrected < 0.001). The GABA levels in C-allele carriers were significantly higher than those in GG homozygotes in both the PNE and control groups (0.184 (0.181-0.193) vs. 0.170 (0.165-0.177), Z = 8.683, Pcorrected < 0.001; 0.166 (0.156-0.170) vs. 0.147 (0.141-0.152), Z = 9.445, Pcorrected < 0.001). GABA levels in the thalamus were also significantly and positively correlated with AS scores in C-allele carriers in the PNE group (r = 0.747, P < 0.05). DATA CONCLUSION DRD4 -616 C allele may be associated with increased thalamic GABA+ levels, especially in C-allele carrying PNE children. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Sun
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi You
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Center of the Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Kim H, Kim Y, Myung W, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Lee U, Lee H, Na EJ, Choi KW, Shin MH, Jeon HJ. Risks of suicide attempts after prescription of zolpidem in people with depression: a nationwide population study in South Korea. Sleep 2021; 43:5581583. [PMID: 31586200 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between zolpidem prescription and suicide attempts in people with depression. METHODS A nationwide, population-based electronic medical records database from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service of South was used to investigate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of suicide attempts and probable suicide attempts in people with depression before and after zolpidem prescription using self-controlled case series design. RESULTS In a total of 445 people who attempted suicide and 23 141 people who attempted probable suicide attempt, the IRRs of suicidal behavior during the risk periods before and after zolpidem prescription increased compared with those at the baseline. The IRRs gradually increased and peaked immediately before the prescription of zolpidem. The IRR was 70.06 (95% CI: 25.58-191.90) on day 2 before zolpidem prescription and 63.35 (95% CI: 22.99-174.59) on day 1 after zolpidem prescription in the suicide attempt group. The IRR was 24.07 (95% CI: 20.50-28.26) on the day before zolpidem prescription and 14.96 (95% CI: 12.21-18.34) on the day after zolpidem prescription in the probable suicide attempt group. The ratios declined eventually after zolpidem was prescribed. CONCLUSIONS Although zolpidem prescription was associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts in people with depression, the risk increased and peaked immediately before zolpidem prescription. The risk declined gradually thereafter. This result indicates that the risk of suicide attempts increases at the time of zolpidem prescription. However, zolpidem prescription does not contribute to additional increase in the risk of suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuwon Kim
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University, Kangwon, South Korea
| | - Hyosang Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun Jin Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Psychological Autopsy Center (KPAC), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwan Woo Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Shin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Psychological Autopsy Center (KPAC), Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, and Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Delorme C, Adanyeguh I, Bendetowicz D, Le Ber I, Ponchel A, Kas A, Habert MO, Mochel F. Multimodal neurometabolic investigation of the effects of zolpidem on leukoencephalopathy-related apathy. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:2297-2302. [PMID: 32757342 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The symptomatic effect of zolpidem on apathy has been reported in neurological disorders such as strokes and post-anoxic brain injuries, but not in white-matter disease of the brain. METHODS A 38-year-old patient presenting with severe apathy related to a genetic leukoencephalopathy but showing marked improvement of apathy after taking 10 mg of zolpidem was studied. To understand what may mediate such a clinical effect, a multimodal neurometabolic approach using 18 F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and a dedicated magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) sequence for gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamine + glutamate metabolism was undertaken. RESULTS Pre-zolpidem FDG-PET showed hypometabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral cortex and basal ganglia compared to healthy controls. Post-zolpidem, FDG-PET displayed increased metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex together with improvement in the emotional and auto-activation domains of apathy. There was no improvement in the cognitive domain of apathy, and no change in metabolism in the dorsolateral frontal cortex. Post-zolpidem, MRS showed increased GABA and glutamine + glutamate levels in the frontal cortex and pallidum. CONCLUSION Our multimodal neurometabolic study suggests that the effects of zolpidem on apathy are related to increased metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia secondary to GABA modulation. Zolpidem may improve apathy in other white-matter disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delorme
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - I Adanyeguh
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D Bendetowicz
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - I Le Ber
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Reference Centre for Rare or Early Dementias, IM2A, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere (ICM), Frontlab, Paris, France
| | - A Ponchel
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - A Kas
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Médecine Nucléaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - M-O Habert
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Médecine Nucléaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - F Mochel
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
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Furihata R, Kizuki J, Yamano Y, Mizoguchi Y, Nakajima S, Nagai K, Kaneko Y, Yamada K, Suzuki M, Uchiyama M. High-dose zolpidem abuse in a patient with insomnia comorbid with major depressive disorder. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-019-00250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Choi B, Sung HG, Nam JH, Shin JY. Zolpidem Use and Suicide Death in South Korea: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:1653-1667. [PMID: 30883921 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether zolpidem use is associated with suicide death in adults. METHOD We conducted a case-control study using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database. Cases were adults with a suicide record (ICD-10 codes; X-60-X84, Y87.0) between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2013. 10 Controls were matched to each case by age, sex, index year, region, income level, and health insurance type. Zolpidem use during 2 years before suicide was quantified. Adjusted odd ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS The percentage of zolpidem users was significantly higher in cases (451 of 1,928 [23.4%]) than in controls (832 of 18,404 [4.5%]). After controlling for potential confounders, zolpidem use was significantly associated with suicide (aORs, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.74-2.52). Dose-response relationships were observed (for trend, p < .0001). Consistent findings were observed when analyses were restricted to suicide death (aORs, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.73-2.51) and nonmedication poisoning suicide death cases (aORs, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.74-2.53). CONCLUSIONS We found a significant and positive association between zolpidem use and suicide. Zolpidem should be prescribed cautiously and with due caution of increased suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- BongKyoo Choi
- Department of Medicine and Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hi Gin Sung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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Kim H, Shin C, Ko YH, Han C. Comorbid Zolpidem Dependence and Over-the-Counter Compound Analgesic Abuse. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:323-325. [PMID: 30905134 PMCID: PMC6478075 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.2.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zolpidem is a commonly prescribed hypnotic used to treat insomnia. However, its potential for abuse and dependence has recently become controversial. Although over-the-counter (OTC) medications are widely used, their abuse potential has not received much research attention. We report a case of comorbid zolpidem and OTC compound analgesic abuse. OTC analgesics may serve as gateway drugs, and physicians must be cautious about this issue, especially when prescribing hypnotics or benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyounwook Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine
| | - Cheolmin Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine
| | - Young-Hoon Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine
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Cheng J, Dong S, Yi L, Geng D, Liu Q. Magnolol abrogates chronic mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex of mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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