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Oner M, Chen MC, Cheng PT, Li YH, Cheng YC, Celik A, Soong SW, Hsu LW, Lin DY, Hossain Prince GMS, Dhar T, Cheng HC, Tang PC, Lin H. Impact of metformin on neocortical development during pregnancy: Involvement of ERK and p35/CDK5 pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142124. [PMID: 38677614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Metformin, the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of diabetes, is increasingly used during pregnancy to address various disorders such as diabetes, obesity, preeclampsia, and metabolic diseases. However, its impact on neocortex development remains unclear. Here, we investigated the direct effects of metformin on neocortex development, focusing on ERK and p35/CDK5 regulation. Using a pregnant rat model, we found that metformin treatment during pregnancy induces small for gestational age (SGA) and reduces relative cortical thickness in embryos and neonates. Additionally, we discovered that metformin inhibits neural progenitor cell proliferation in the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ)/ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing neocortex, a process possibly mediated by ERK inactivation. Furthermore, metformin induces neuronal apoptosis in the SVZ/VZ area of the developing neocortex. Moreover, metformin retards neuronal migration, cortical lamination, and differentiation, potentially through p35/CDK5 inhibition in the developing neocortex. Remarkably, compensating for p35 through in utero electroporation partially rescues metformin-impaired neuronal migration and development. In summary, our study reveals that metformin disrupts neocortex development by inhibiting neuronal progenitor proliferation, neuronal migration, cortical layering, and cortical neuron maturation, likely via ERK and p35/CDK5 inhibition. Consequently, our findings advocate for caution in metformin usage during pregnancy, given its potential adverse effects on fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Oner
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Ting Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Li
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ayse Celik
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Woei Soong
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Din-You Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | | | - Trayee Dhar
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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2
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Martín-González E, Prados-Pardo Á, Sawiak SJ, Dalley JW, Padro D, Ramos-Cabrer P, Mora S, Moreno-Montoya M. Mapping the neuroanatomical abnormalities in a phenotype of male compulsive rats. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:19. [PMID: 37932782 PMCID: PMC10626819 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Compulsivity is considered a transdiagnostic dimension in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, characterized by heterogeneous cognitive and behavioral phenotypes associated with abnormalities in cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuitry. The present study investigated the structural morphology of white and gray matter in rats selected for low- (LD) and high- (HD) compulsive drinking behavior on a schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) task. Regional brain morphology was assessed using ex-vivo high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxel-based morphometry of segmented MRI images revealed larger white matter volumes in anterior commissure and corpus callosum of HD rats compared with LD rats. HD rats also showed significantly larger regional volumes of dorsolateral orbitofrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, midbrain, sub-thalamic nucleus, and cerebellum. By contrast, the medial prefrontal cortex was significantly smaller in HD rats compared with LD rats with no significant group differences in whole brain, ventricular, or cerebrospinal fluid volumes. These findings show that limbic cortico-basal ganglia structures implicated in impulse control disorders are distinct in rats that are vulnerable to develop compulsive behavior. Such abnormalities may be relevant to the etiology of compulsive disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martín-González
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Ángeles Prados-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Stephen J Sawiak
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Padro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Santiago Mora
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margarita Moreno-Montoya
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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3
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Soylu F, May K, Kana R. White and gray matter correlates of theory of mind in autism: a voxel-based morphometry study. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1671-1689. [PMID: 37452864 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in theory of mind (ToM) and social communication. Studying structural and functional correlates of ToM in the brain and how autistic and nonautistic groups differ in terms of these correlates can help with diagnosis and understanding the biological mechanisms of ASD. In this study, we investigated white matter volume (WMV) and gray matter volume (GMV) differences between matching autistic and nonautistic samples, and how these structural features relate to age and ToM skills, indexed by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes (RMIE) measure. The results showed widespread GMV and WMV differences between the two groups in regions crucial for social processes. The autistic group did not express the typically observed negative GMV and positive WMV correlations with age at the same level as the nonautistic group, pointing to abnormalities in developmental structural changes. In addition, we found differences between the two groups in how GMV relates to ToM, particularly in the left frontal regions, and how WMV relates to ToM, mostly in the cingulate and corpus callosum. Finally, GMV in the left insula, a region that is part of the salience network, was found to be crucial in distinguishing ToM performance between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firat Soylu
- Educational Psychology Program, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn May
- Educational Psychology Program, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Rajesh Kana
- Department of Psychology, & the Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
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4
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Szczupak D, Lent R, Tovar-Moll F, Silva AC. Heterotopic connectivity of callosal dysgenesis in mice and humans. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1191859. [PMID: 37274193 PMCID: PMC10232863 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1191859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC), the largest brain commissure and the primary white matter pathway for interhemispheric cortical connectivity, was traditionally viewed as a predominantly homotopic structure, connecting mirror areas of the cortex. However, new studies verified that most callosal commissural fibers are heterotopic. Recently, we reported that ~75% of the callosal connections in the brains of mice, marmosets, and humans are heterotopic, having an essential role in determining the global properties of brain networks. In the present study, we leveraged high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging and graph network modeling to investigate the relationship between heterotopic and homotopic callosal fibers in human subjects and in a spontaneous mouse model of Corpus Callosum Dysgenesis (CCD), a congenital developmental CC malformation that leads to widespread whole-brain reorganization. Our results show that the CCD brain is more heterotopic than the normotypical brain, with both mouse and human CCD subjects displaying highly variable heterotopicity maps. CCD mice have a clear heterotopicity cluster in the anterior CC, while hypoplasic humans have strongly variable patterns. Graph network-based connectivity profile showed a direct impact of heterotopic connections on CCD brains altering several network-based statistics. Our collective results show that CCD directly alters heterotopic connections and brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Szczupak
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Roberto Lent
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- D’Or Institute Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Afonso C. Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Szczupak D, Iack PM, Rayêe D, Liu C, Lent R, Tovar-Moll F, Silva AC. The relevance of heterotopic callosal fibers to interhemispheric connectivity of the mammalian brain. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4752-4760. [PMID: 36178137 PMCID: PMC10110439 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest white matter structure and the primary pathway for interhemispheric brain communication. Investigating callosal connectivity is crucial to unraveling the brain's anatomical and functional organization in health and disease. Classical anatomical studies have characterized the bulk of callosal axonal fibers as connecting primarily homotopic cortical areas. Whenever detected, heterotopic callosal fibers were ascribed to altered sprouting and pruning mechanisms in neurodevelopmental diseases such as CC dysgenesis (CCD). We hypothesized that these heterotopic connections had been grossly underestimated due to their complex nature and methodological limitations. We used the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas and high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging to identify and quantify homotopic and heterotopic callosal connections in mice, marmosets, and humans. In all 3 species, we show that ~75% of interhemispheric callosal connections are heterotopic and comprise the central core of the CC, whereas the homotopic fibers lay along its periphery. We also demonstrate that heterotopic connections have an essential role in determining the global properties of brain networks. These findings reshape our view of the corpus callosum's role as the primary hub for interhemispheric brain communication, directly impacting multiple neuroscience fields investigating cortical connectivity, neurodevelopment, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Szczupak
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Pamela Meneses Iack
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Danielle Rayêe
- Institute of Ophtalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY 10461, United States
| | - Cirong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Roberto Lent
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
- D’Or Institute Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- D’Or Institute Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Afonso C Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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Tian Y, Cook JJ, Johnson GA. Restoring morphology of light sheet microscopy data based on magnetic resonance histology. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1011895. [PMID: 36685227 PMCID: PMC9846533 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1011895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of cellular-resolution whole brain light sheet microscopy (LSM) images with an annotated atlas enables quantitation of cellular features in specific brain regions. However, most existing methods register LSM data with existing canonical atlases, e.g., The Allen Brain Atlas (ABA), which have been generated from tissue that has been distorted by removal from the skull, fixation and physical handling. This limits the accuracy of the regional morphologic measurement. Here, we present a method to combine LSM data with magnetic resonance histology (MRH) of the same specimen to restore the morphology of the LSM images to the in-skull geometry. Our registration pipeline which maps 3D LSM big data (terabyte per dataset) to MRH of the same mouse brain provides registration with low displacement error in ∼10 h with limited manual input. The registration pipeline is optimized using multiple stages of transformation at multiple resolution scales. A three-step procedure including pointset initialization, automated ANTs registration with multiple optimized transformation stages, and finalized application of the transforms on high-resolution LSM data has been integrated into a simple, structured, and robust workflow. Excellent agreement has been seen between registered LSM data and reference MRH data both locally and globally. This workflow has been applied to a collection of datasets with varied combinations of MRH contrasts from diffusion tensor images and LSM with varied immunohistochemistry, providing a routine method for streamlined registration of LSM images to MRH. Lastly, the method maps a reduced set of the common coordinate framework (CCFv3) labels from the Allen Brain Atlas onto the geometrically corrected full resolution LSM data. The pipeline maintains the individual brain morphology and allows more accurate regional annotations and measurements of volumes and cell density.
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Bonelli C, Mancuso L, Manuello J, Liloia D, Costa T, Cauda F. Sex differences in brain homotopic co-activations: a meta-analytic study. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2839-2855. [PMID: 36269398 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An element of great interest in functional connectivity is 'homotopic connectivity' (HC), namely the connectivity between two mirrored areas of the two hemispheres, mainly mediated by the fibers of the corpus callosum. Despite a long tradition of studying sexual dimorphism in the human brain, to our knowledge only one study has addressed the influence of sex on HC.We investigated the issue of homotopic co-activations in women and men using a coordinate-based meta-analytic method and data from the BrainMap database. A first unexpected observation was that the database was affected by a sex bias: women-only groups are investigated less often than men-only ones, and they are more often studied in certain domains such as emotion compared to men, and less in cognition. Implementing a series of sampling procedures to equalize the size and proportion of the datasets, our results indicated that females exhibit stronger interhemispheric co-activation than males, suggesting that the female brain is less lateralized and more integrated than that of males. In addition, males appear to show less intense but more extensive co-activation than females. Some local differences also appeared. In particular, it appears that primary motor and perceptual areas are more co-activated in males, in contrast to the opposite trend in the rest of the brain. This argues for a multidimensional view of sex brain differences and suggests that the issue should be approached with more complex models than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bonelli
- FocusLab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mancuso
- FocusLab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Jordi Manuello
- FocusLab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Donato Liloia
- FocusLab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- FocusLab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Psychology, GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Franco Cauda
- FocusLab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Zhang Y, Qin B, Wang L, Zhang K, Song C, Chen J, Cai J, Li T. Corpus Callosum Volumes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Sex-Associated Differences. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 53:2421-2429. [PMID: 35352234 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sex and corpus callosum (CC) volume in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) aged 2-4 years. This prospective study included 50 children with ASD and 50 typically developing (TD) children aged 2-4 years. Midsagittal slices of the CCs of the participants were divided into five subregions using FreeSurfer software. The PMCC, AMCC and TCC volumes were significantly higher in ASD participants than in TD participants, and results were significant in females with ASD rather than in males with ASD (all P < 0.05). In toddlers with ASD, the CC volumes were increased and more pronounced in females than in males. This could be due to overgrowth of axons or/and axonal pruning disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Clinical Big-Data and Drug Evaluation, Medical Data Science, Academy of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Bin Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Clinical Big-Data and Drug Evaluation, Medical Data Science, Academy of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Longlun Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolic Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhua Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Tingyu Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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