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Cowieson AJ, Phillips CA, Mullenix GJ, Greene ES, Papadopoulou E, Dridi S. Dynamic responses of blood metabolites to nutrient depletion and repletion in broiler chicken nutrition. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103859. [PMID: 38823292 PMCID: PMC11176804 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A total of 720 male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were used in a 5 treatment and 8 replicate experiment to explore dynamic changes in blood metabolites in response to short-term nutrient depletion and repletion. Day old chicks were offered a corn and soybean meal-based common starter diet from d1 to 14 that was formulated to meet all nutrient requirements of the birds. From d15 to 17, the experimental diets were offered, before returning all groups to a common diet from d18 to 20, at which point the experiment was terminated. A total of 5 experimental diets were designed. A standard grower diet served as a control and was offered to 1 of the 5 groups of chicks. The additional 4 experimental groups comprised diets that were low in digestible phosphorus (P), total calcium (Ca), crude protein and digestible amino acids (AA) or apparent metabolizable energy (AME). The common grower diet that was offered from d18-20 was designed to be nutritionally complete and was intended to explore dynamic response to nutrient repletion. Blood was drawn from 8 chicks per treatment at time 0 (immediately prior to introduction of the experimental diets) and then again 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48h after introduction of the nutrient depleted diets. Additionally, blood was drawn 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48h after the introduction of the nutritionally complete common grower diet. Chicks were not sampled more than once. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were assessed on d14, 17, and 20. Blood metabolites were analyzed using the iSTAT Alinity V handheld blood analyzer, the Vetscan VS2 Chemistry Analyzer and the iCheck Carotene Photometer. Live performance metrics were not affected by the short-term nutrient depletion and all chicks grew normally throughout the experiment. The diet with low digestible P generated a rapid temporary decrease in plasma P and an increase in plasma Ca, that were returned to baseline following the re-introduction of the common grower feed. Introduction of the diet with low total Ca resulted in a significant increase in plasma P, effects which were also mitigated during the nutrient repletion phase. Total plasma protein, albumin and uric acid (UA) were decreased, and plasma glucose increased, in the chicks that received the diet with low crude protein and digestible AA. There was a delayed increase in aspartate amino transaminase (AST) associated with the diets with low digestible P and low AME. These results demonstrate the capacity of blood biochemistry to adapt to quantitative and qualitative changes in nutrient intake. Point-of-care analysis of blood biomarkers offers nutritionists a valuable opportunity to calibrate nutritional matrices for common dietary ingredients, zootechnical feed additives and to optimize diet phase changes. It can be concluded that many blood biomarkers are plastic to changes in diet nutrient density and offer an objective index for optimization of nutritional programs for commercial broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Cowieson
- DSM-Firmenich, Animal Nutrition and Health, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland.
| | - C A Phillips
- DSM-Firmenich, Biotechnology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - G J Mullenix
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - E S Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - E Papadopoulou
- DSM-Firmenich, Animal Nutrition and Health, R&D Center Tulln, Tulln, Austria
| | - S Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Dao HT, Moss AF, Bradbury EJ, Swick RA. Effects of L-arginine, guanidinoacetic acid and L-citrulline supplementation in reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization of laying hens. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:225-234. [PMID: 37484992 PMCID: PMC10362165 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The alterations in feed ingredients and the nutrient matrix to produce reduced-protein diets may affect bone morphology and mineralization in laying hens. This study was implemented to determine the effects of L-arginine (Arg), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), and L-citrulline (Cit) supplementation to Arg-deficient reduced-protein diets on bone morphology, strength, and mineralization status of laying hens. Individually housed Hy-Line Brown laying hens were evenly distributed to five dietary treatments with 25 replicates per treatment from 20 to 40 wk of age. Treatments consisted of a standard protein diet (17% crude protein, SP), a reduced-protein diet deficient in Arg (13% crude protein, RP), and RP supplemented with Arg (0.35% Arg, RP-Arg), GAA (0.46% GAA equivalent to 0.35% Arg, RP-GAA), or Cit (0.35% Cit equivalent to 0.35% Arg, RP-Cit) to reach the Arg level of SP diets. Birds fed the SP diet had similar bone weight, ash, length, width, Seedor index, breaking strength, and serum mineral concentration, but higher toe B level (P < 0.001) compared to those fed the RP diet at wk 40. Birds fed the SP diet consumed more but also excreted more K and B compared to those fed the RP diet (P < 0.01). Birds fed the SP diet had lower Cu digestibility (P = 0.01) and higher B retention (P < 0.01) compared to those offered the RP diet. Supplementation of Arg, GAA, and Cit to the RP diet increased relative femur weight and length (P < 0.001). Citrulline supplementation also increased relative tibia and femur ash, and Zn digestibility (P < 0.05). Supplementation of GAA to the RP diet decreased serum Ca, P, and Mg levels, decreased tibia Fe and Mg levels and toe Mg level, but increased Al, Fe, Zn, and Mn digestibility (P < 0.05). The current findings demonstrated the capacity of laying hens to adapt to low mineral intake by increasing mineral utilization. Overall, bone morphology and breaking strength, and serum mineral level in laying hens were not influenced by dietary CP levels. Dietary Arg, GAA, or Cit supplementation were effective in improving bone morphology and mineralization in laying hens fed Arg-deficient RP diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Thi Dao
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Amy F. Moss
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - Emma J. Bradbury
- Baiada Poultry Pty Limited, Pendle Hill, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Robert A. Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
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Amin SAS, Sobhi N. Process optimization in poultry feed mill. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9897. [PMID: 37336894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry feed industry is pretty much active in a lot of countries and it is achieved market acceptance. The final products are supposed to meet certain specifications to fulfill the nutritional need of animals at different life periods. The final product for poultry is shipped in the form of pelleted feed for the convenience of consumption. One of the major challenges of poultry feed production is the principal complement of equipment necessary for the local production. Imported poultry pellets are quite expensive and unaffordable for many poultry feed industries. Hence, the need to be able to produce poultry feed at lower cost yet achieve the objective of quantity and quality expected of pelleted feeds is critical to the viability of the enterprise. The study aims to investigate the effects of some operating parameters (pressure and temperature of the compounded feed) and die hole size on the pelleting efficiency, throughput capacity, and to optimize the conditions. The improvement approach is conducted by observing the main operating parameters of productivity; statistical analysis is conducted to observe the effect of those parameters on the production rate and the quality of the product. Comparison between parameter levels is done through analysis of variance to determine the significance of the tested parameters. The optimization of parameters was applied with Minitab and designed expert software to determine the best operating conditions. The obtained results showed that the downtime decreased by 77% monthly and productivity increased by 32.5% per hour and the pellet durability index increased by 1.23%. The total sales increased by 6,750,600 LE/Month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A Salaheldein Amin
- Department of Industrial System Engineering, University of October for Modern Science and Arts, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nahed Sobhi
- Faculty of Engineering, University of October for Modern Science and Arts, Cairo, Egypt
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JI W, CHEN M, JI H. The calcium supplementation effect of calcium-binding oligopeptides from bonito (Auxis thazard) hydrolysate in rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei JI
- Guangdong University of Education, China
| | | | - Hongwu JI
- Guangdong Ocean University, China; Guangdong Ocean University, China
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Bagheri R, Toghyani M, Tabatabaei SN, Tabeidian SA, Ostadsharif M. Growth, physiological, and molecular responses of broiler quail to dietary source, particle size, and choice feeding of calcium. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2017361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bagheri
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Sayed Ali Tabeidian
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ostadsharif
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Franco-Rosselló R, Navarro-Villa A, Polo J, Solà-Oriol D, García-Ruiz AI. Improving broiler performance at market age regardless of stocking density by using a pre-starter diet. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Walk CL, Wang Z, Wang S, Wu J, Sorbara JOB, Zhang J. Determination of the standardized ileal digestible calcium requirement of male Arbor Acres Plus broilers from hatch to day 10 post-hatch. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101364. [PMID: 34329986 PMCID: PMC8335651 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbor Acres Plus male broilers (n = 1,152) were obtained at hatch and allocated to 1 of 6 diets from hatch to d 10 post-hatch. There were 16 replicate cages per diet and 12 birds per cage. Five of the diets were formulated to contain graded concentrations of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ca at 0.60, 0.50, 0.40, 0.30, or 0.20%. A sixth reference diet was formulated using total Ca coefficients for each ingredient and contained 0.96% total Ca. Available P (avP) was maintained at 0.48% in all 6 diets. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and the model included diet and block. Means were separated using contrasts to determine linear or quadratic effects of SID Ca and using the Dunnett's test to compare the reference diet to all SID Ca diets. There was no effect of graded levels of SID Ca on intake or gain. Birds fed diets containing 0.60, 0.50, 0.30, or 0.20% SID Ca ate (P < 0.05) or gained (P < 0.05) more compared with birds fed the reference diet. Mortality corrected FCR improved (linear, P < 0.05) as the SID Ca concentration in the diet increased from 0.20 to 0.60%. Tibia ash percent was greatest in birds fed 0.50% SID Ca and lowest in birds fed 0.20% SID Ca (quadratic, P < 0.05). Tibia ash percent was lower (P < 0.05) in birds fed diets formulated to contain 0.20% SID Ca compared with birds fed the reference diet. No other differences in tibia ash were reported. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) or retention of P was greater (P < 0.05) in birds fed diets formulated using SID Ca compared with birds fed the reference diet. The AID of P increased (linear, P < 0.05) as the SID Ca content in the diet decreased from 0.60 to 0.20%. The AID or retention of Ca was similar in birds fed 0.60 or 0.50% SID Ca and increased as SID Ca decreased to 0.20% (quadratic, P < 0.05). Regression equations developed using bone ash and apparent P retention estimate the SID Ca requirement of Arbor Acres Plus broilers from hatch to d 10 post-hatch was 0.53 and 0.49%, respectively. This corresponds to a SID Ca to available P ratio of 1.1 to 1.02.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Walk
- DSM Nutritional Products, Delves Road, Heanor, Derbyshire, DE75 7SG, United Kingdom.
| | - Z Wang
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition Research Center, Bazhou, Hebei, 065799, P. R. China
| | - S Wang
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition Research Center, Bazhou, Hebei, 065799, P. R. China
| | - J Wu
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition Research Center, Bazhou, Hebei, 065799, P. R. China
| | - J O B Sorbara
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst, 4303 Switzerland
| | - J Zhang
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition Research Center, Bazhou, Hebei, 065799, P. R. China
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