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Houshyar M, Saki AA, Alikhani MY, Bedford MR, Soleimani M, Kamarehei F. Approaches to determine the efficiency of novel 3-phytase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and commercial phytase in broilers from 1 to 14 d of age. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103014. [PMID: 37672835 PMCID: PMC10494260 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a laboratory 3-phytase (the expression of the phyK gene, Lab-Phy) and a commercial 6-phytase (Quantum Blue 40 P, Com-Phy) alone and in combination (corn-soy-based diets) in broilers. A total of 400, day-old Ross 308 male broilers were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 10 replicate cages (8 chicks/cage) for a 14-day trial. Experimental treatments included the positive control (0.95% Ca and 0.48% nonphytate phosphorus (nPP), PC), negative control (0.90% Ca and 0.22% nPP, NC), and NC which was supplemented with Lab-Phy 250 FTU/kg and Com-Phy 250 FTU/kg alone or in combination of Lab-Phy 125 FTU/kg and Com-Phy 125 FTU/kg. The inclusion of Lab-Phy in the NC diet significantly improved the P and Ca content in the tibia compared to the NC group. Moreover, the inclusion of Com-Phy alone and in combination with Lab-Phy in the NC diet significantly increased the P and Ca content in the tibia compared to the Lab-Phy. The mRNA expression of NaPi-IIb was upregulated in the duodenum by the reduction of nPP and downregulated by the inclusion of any phytase, whereas other nutrient transporters were not influenced by the reduction of nPP or the addition of phytase in the small intestine mucosa. Broilers receiving the NC diet obtained the lowest body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) at 8 to 14 and 1 to 14 d of age. The NC group showed the lowest villi height and surface area, Newcastle disease (ND) antibody titer, and digestibility of nutrients compared to the PC group at 14 d of age. Supplementing the NC diet with the Lab-Phy and Com-Phy individually, or in combination tended to improve BW, BWG, tibia characteristics, villi characteristics, ND, and retained CP and P, and apparent ileal digestibility of CP, P, methionine, and threonine. The present research indicated that the studied traits by the combination of phytases were slightly better than the average of the 2 individually, suggesting there might be some value in combining the laboratory and commercial phytases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshyar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Saki
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Infectious Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farideh Kamarehei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Li F, Xing Y, Zhang J, Mu J, Ge J, Zhao M, Liu L, Gong D, Geng T. Goose Hepatic IGFBP2 Is Regulated by Nutritional Status and Participates in Energy Metabolism Mainly through the Cytokine-Cytokine Receptor Pathway. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2336. [PMID: 37508113 PMCID: PMC10376900 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the nutritional status of animals significantly affect their health and production performance. However, it is unclear whether insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) mediates these effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of changes in nutritional and energy statuses on hepatic IGFBP2 expression and the mechanism through which IGFBP2 plays a mediating role. Therefore, the expression of IGFBP2 was first determined in the livers of fasting/refeeding and overfeeding geese. The data showed that overfeeding inhibited IGFBP2 expression in the liver compared with the control (normal feeding) group, whereas the expression of IGFBP2 in the liver was induced by fasting. Interestingly, the data indicated that insulin inhibited the expression of IGFBP2 in goose primary hepatocytes, suggesting that the changes in IGFBP2 expression in the liver in the abovementioned models may be partially attributed to the blood insulin levels. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that the overexpression of IGFBP2 in geese primary hepatocytes significantly altered the expression of 337 genes (including 111 up-regulated and 226 down-regulated genes), and these differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor, immune, and lipid metabolism-related pathways. We selected the most significant pathway, the cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway, and found that the relationship between the expression of these genes and IGFBP2 in goose liver was in line with the findings from the IGFBP2 overexpression assay, i.e., the decreased expression of IGFBP2 was accompanied by the increased expression of LOC106041919, CCL20, LOC106042256, LOC106041041, and IL22RA1 in the overfed versus normally fed geese, and the increased expression of IGFBP2 was accompanied by the decreased expression of these genes in fasting versus normally fed geese, and refeeding prevented or attenuated the effects of fasting. The association between the expression of these genes and IGFBP2 was verified by IGFBP2-siRNA treatment of goose primary hepatocytes, in which IGFBP2 expression was induced by low serum concentrations. In conclusion, this study suggests that IGFBP2 mediates the biological effects induced by changes in nutritional or energy levels, mainly through the cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ya Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ji'an Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jing Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minmeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Long Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daoqing Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tuoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Andrieux C, Marchand M, Larroquet L, Veron V, Biasutti S, Barrieu J, Morganx P, Morisson M, Coustham V, Panserat S, Houssier M. Fasting/refeeding: an experimental model to study the impact of early thermal manipulation on hepatic metabolism in mule ducks. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R45-R57. [PMID: 36315183 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00158.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An increase in egg incubation temperature was previously shown to enhance the metabolism of mule ducks and increase liver fattening after overfeeding, through a metabolic programming mechanism. Here, we examined whether fasting (F) followed by refeeding (RF) in 11-wk-old mule ducks could become an accelerated model to study the mechanisms of metabolic programming following embryonic thermal manipulation. This study investigated the hepatic response of mule ducks subjected to 23 h of fasting and 1 h of refeeding, in control or thermally programmed animals (with an increase of 1°C, 16 h per day from days 13 to 27 of embryogenesis). Liver weight and energy composition, hepatocyte structure, plasma parameters, and gene expression levels were measured at 1, 2, and 4 h after RF. All these parameters were strongly affected by RF, whereas significant impacts of embryonic programming were measured in cell size (+1 µm on average), lipid composition (+4.2% of saturated fatty acids 4 h after the meal), and relative gene expressions (including HK1, SCD1, ELOVL6, and FASN). In addition to confirming previously identified molecular targets of thermal manipulation, this study revealed new ones, thanks to kinetic sampling after RF. Finally, the detailed description of the impact of the F/RF challenge on the liver structure, composition, and gene expression, but also on plasma parameters allowed us to draw a parallel with these same traits measured during overfeeding. This comparative analysis suggests that this protocol could become a pertinent model to study the mechanisms involved in embryonic liver thermal programming, without overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Andrieux
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Univ Pau and Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Michaël Marchand
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Univ Pau and Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Univ Pau and Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Vincent Veron
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Univ Pau and Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Sandra Biasutti
- Institut universitaire Technologique Génie Biologique, Univ Pau and Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Mont-de-Marsan, France
| | - Josette Barrieu
- Unité Expérimentale Palmipèdes à Foie Gras, Domaine d'Artiguères, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Benquet, France
| | - Philippe Morganx
- Unité Expérimentale Palmipèdes à Foie Gras, Domaine d'Artiguères, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Benquet, France
| | - Mireille Morisson
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Vincent Coustham
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Univ Pau and Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Univ Pau and Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Marianne Houssier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Univ Pau and Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
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Li D, Wang J, Liu L, Li K, Xu Y, Ding X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xie L, Liang S, Wang Y, Zhan X. Effects of early post-hatch feeding on the growth performance, hormone secretion, intestinal morphology and intestinal microbiota structure in broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102133. [PMID: 36174266 PMCID: PMC9520077 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Wijnen HJ, van der Pol CW, van Roovert-Reijrink IAM, De Smet J, Lammers A, Kemp B, van den Brand H, Molenaar R. Low Incubation Temperature During Late Incubation and Early Feeding Affect Broiler Resilience to Necrotic Enteritis in Later Life. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:784869. [PMID: 34970618 PMCID: PMC8713642 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.784869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilient animals can cope with environmental disturbances in life with minimal loss of function. Resilience can be enhanced by optimizing early-life conditions. In poultry, eggshell temperature (EST) during incubation and early feeding are two early-life conditions that are found to alter neonatal chick quality as well as immune response in later life. However, whether these early-life conditions affect disease resilience of chickens at later ages has never been studied yet. Hence, we studied the effects of EST [(37.8°C (control) or 36.7°C (lower)] during late incubation (≥embryonic days 17-19.5) and feeding strategy after hatch [immediately (early feeding) or 51-54 h delayed (delayed feeding)] on later-life broiler resilience in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. At hatch, 960 broilers of both sexes from a 54-week-old Ross breeder flock were equally divided over 32 pens (eight replicate pens per treatment combination) and grown for 6 weeks. Necrotic enteritis was induced by a single inoculation of Eimeria spp. at d 21 and repeated Clostridium perfringens inoculation (3×/d) during d 21-25. Mortality and body weight (BW) gain were measured daily during d 21-35 as indicators of resilience. Additionally, disease morbidity was assessed (gut lesions, dysbacteriosis, shedding of oocysts, footpad dermatitis, and natural antibody levels in blood). Results showed a lack of interaction between EST and feeding strategy for the vast majority of the variables. A lower EST resulted in lower BW gain at d 5 and 8 post Eimeria inoculation (P = 0.02) and more Eimeria maxima oocysts in feces at d 8 post Eimeria inoculation compared to control EST (P < 0.01). Early feeding tended to lower mortality compared to delayed feeding (P = 0.06), but BW gain was not affected by feeding strategy. Morbidity characteristics were hardly affected by EST or feeding strategy. In conclusion, a few indications were found that a lower EST during late incubation as well as delayed feeding after hatch may each impair later-life resilience to necrotic enteritis. However, these findings were not manifested consistently in all parameters that were measured, and conclusions are drawn with some restraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrikus J. Wijnen
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Research Department, HatchTech B.V., Veenendaal, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joren De Smet
- Clinical Research Organization, Poulpharm BVBA, Izegem, Belgium
| | - Aart Lammers
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Roos Molenaar
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Szpręgiel I, Wronska D. Effect of short-term fasting on the expression of ACTH (cMC2) receptor in the adrenal glands of chicken (Gallus domesticus). ROCZNIKI NAUKOWE POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA ZOOTECHNICZNEGO 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
<b>Domestic hen is a full model in terms of stress and adrenal function. The main hormone produced by the hens’ adrenals is corticosterone, synthesized and secreted by stimulating the HPA axis during stress. Direct activation of adrenal activity is conditioned by ACTH, which binds to the melanocortin receptor cMC2 in adrenals. It stimulates the synthesis and release of corticosterone. One of the factors that stimulate the HPA axis activity is the starvation, to which the hen is very sensitive. The purpose of this study was to determine the ACTH receptor cMC2 expression in the hens’ adrenals during the short-term fasting and after restoring the proper level of nutrition (refeeding). The results of the experiment show that 24-hour of food deprivation is stressful for the hen, as indicated by increased concentrations of corticosterone in the adrenals and in blood plasma. Changes in cMC2R expression and level of corticosterone in the adrenals during fasting and refeeding indicate a rapid increase of HPA axis activity in response to differentiated levels of nutrition. The results of this experiment confirm the direct effect of ACTH on the avian adrenals in corticosterone release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szpręgiel
- University of Agriculture in Krakow Faculty of Animal Sciences Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology
| | - Danuta Wronska
- Katedra Fizjologii i Endokrynologii Zwierząt
Wydział Hodowli i Biologii Zwierząt
Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie
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Cardeal PC, Araújo ICS, Vaz DP, Abreu ARC, Melo ÉF, Saldanha MM, Pompeu MA, Lara LJC. Short communication: Effects of breeder age and pre-placement feed on IgY concentration in egg yolk and chick serum. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:561-565. [PMID: 34231928 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breeder age and pre-placement feed are factors that can affect broiler performance during grow out. This study evaluated the effects of breeder age (29 and 55 weeks old) on IgY transference to egg yolk in addition to the effects of breeder age (29 and 55 weeks old) and pre-placement feed (with or without), in a factorial arrangement, on IgY concentration in chick serum. Forty-eight eggs were collected from a breeder flock and considered the experimental units. Eighteen chicks from each breeder age were randomly selected to determine IgY at pulling. After 48 h of placement, old breeders had greater egg weight and yolk weight (p ≤ 0.05) than the young ones. Breeder age (p > 0.05) had no effect on IgY concentration of egg yolk. Breeder age (p > 0.05) had no effect on IgY concentration of chick serum at pulling. There was no interaction (p > 0.05) between breeder age and pre-placement feed for IgY concentration of chick serum at housing. There was also no effect of breeder age or pre-placement feed during placement time (48 h) on IgY concentration of chick serum at housing (p > 0.05). In conclusion, 48 h of fasting had no effect on IgY concentration in chick serum despite breeder age. It appears that the immunoglobulins from the residual yolk sac are not used as a protein source during the period between hatching and housing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diego Pereira Vaz
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anna Rosa Chagas Abreu
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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