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Slettemeås JS, Sekse C, Sunde M, Norström M, Wester AL, Naseer U, Simonsen GS, Ulstad CR, Urdahl AM, Lagesen K. Comparative genomics of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from broilers and humans in Norway. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:248. [PMID: 38971718 PMCID: PMC11227169 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usage of fluoroquinolones in Norwegian livestock production is very low, including in broiler production. Historically, quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) isolated from Norwegian production animals rarely occur. However, with the introduction of a selective screening method for QREC in the Norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary sector in 2014; 89.5% of broiler caecal samples and 70.7% of broiler meat samples were positive. This triggered the concern if there could be possible links between broiler and human reservoirs of QREC. We are addressing this by characterizing genomes of QREC from humans (healthy carriers and patients) and broiler isolates (meat and caecum). RESULTS The most frequent mechanism for quinolone resistance in both broiler and human E. coli isolates were mutations in the chromosomally located gyrA and parC genes, although plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was also identified. There was some relatedness of the isolates within human and broiler groups, but little between these two groups. Further, some overlap was seen for isolates with the same sequence type isolated from broiler and humans, but overall, the SNP distance was high. CONCLUSION Based on data from this study, QREC from broiler makes a limited contribution to the incidence of QREC in humans in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Sekse
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
| | - Marianne Sunde
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
| | | | - Astrid Louise Wester
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo, 0403, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Umaer Naseer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo, 0403, Norway
| | - Gunnar Skov Simonsen
- University Hospital of North Norway, Breivika, Tromsø, 9038, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Karin Lagesen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
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Abdel-Rahman MAA, Hamed EA, Abdelaty MF, Sorour HK, Badr H, Hassan WM, Shalaby AG, Mohamed AAE, Soliman MA, Roshdy H. Distribution pattern of antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from colibacillosis cases in broiler farms of Egypt. Vet World 2023; 16:1-11. [PMID: 36855348 PMCID: PMC9967716 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Multidrug resistance (MDR) of Escherichia coli has become an increasing concern in poultry farming worldwide. However, E. coli can accumulate resistance genes through gene transfer. The most problematic resistance mechanism in E. coli is the acquisition of genes encoding broad-spectrum β-lactamases, known as extended-spectrum β-lactamases, that confer resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (conferring resistance to quinolones) and mcr-1 genes (conferring resistance to colistin) also contribute to antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility and to detect β-lactamase and colistin resistance genes of E. coli isolated from broiler farms in Egypt. Materials and Methods Samples from 938 broiler farms were bacteriologically examined for E. coli isolation. The antimicrobial resistance profile was evaluated using disk diffusion, and several resistance genes were investigated through polymerase chain reaction amplification. Results Escherichia coli was isolated and identified from 675/938 farms (72%) from the pooled internal organs (liver, heart, lung, spleen, and yolk) of broilers. Escherichia coli isolates from the most recent 3 years (2018-2020) were serotyped into 13 serotypes; the most prevalent serotype was O125 (n = 8). The highest phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles during this period were against ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. Escherichia coli was sensitive to clinically relevant antibiotics. Twenty-eight selected isolates from the most recent 3 years (2018-2020) were found to have MDR, where the prevalence of the antibiotic resistance genes ctx, tem, and shv was 46% and that of mcr-1 was 64%. Integrons were found in 93% of the isolates. Conclusion The study showed a high prevalence of E. coli infection in broiler farms associated with MDR, which has a high public health significance because of its zoonotic relevance. These results strengthen the application of continuous surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. A. Abdel-Rahman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt,Corresponding author: Mona A. A. Abdel-Rahman, e-mail: Co-authors: EAH: , MFA: , HKS: , HB: , WMH: , AGS: , AAM: , MAS: , HR:
| | - Engy A. Hamed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - May F. Abdelaty
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hend K. Sorour
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba Badr
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M. Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Azhar G. Shalaby
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd-Elhalem Mohamed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Soliman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba Roshdy
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in a university hospital, 2009-2010 and 2020: PMQR in UTI E. coli. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:241-248. [PMID: 35691573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) in fluoroquinolone non-susceptible E. coli (FQNSEC) isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 2019-2010 and 2020. METHODS A total of 844 E. coli isolates were collected from UTI patients at National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH). The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates to 21 antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion tests. The distribution of phylogenetic groups, virulence factor, and PMQR genes, was determined by PCR. Conjugation assays were performed to investigate the transferrability of qnr genes from FQNSEC isolates to E. coli C600. RESULTS We found 211 (41.9%) and 152 (44.7%) E. coli isolates were FQNSEC in 2009-2010 and 2020, respectively. Phylogenetic group B2 was dominant in FQNSEC isolates (52.34%), followed by group F (10.47%), group B1 (9.64%), and group D (9.64%). FQNSEC isolates were more resistant to 17 of 19 tested antimicrobial agents, compared to the FQ susceptible E. coli. PMQR screening results showed that 34, 22, and 10 FQNSEC isolates containing aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnr genes, and efflux pump genes (qepA or oqxAB), respectively. PMQR E. coli isolates were more non-susceptible to gentamicin, amoxicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, imipenem, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefmetazole, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime, compared to non-PMQR FQNSEC. Moreover, 16 of 22 qnr-carrying plasmids were transferrable to the recipient C600. CONCLUSION Here, we reported the high prevalence of MDR- and XDR-E. coli in FQNSEC isolates. Moreover, qnr-carrying plasmids were highly transferable and lead to the resistance to other classes of antibiotics in the transconjugants.
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Antimicrobial Resistance and PFGE Molecular Typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chickens in South Korea from 2013 to 2018. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010083. [PMID: 35011189 PMCID: PMC8749661 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. enterica ser. Gallinarum) is a host-specific agent of fowl typhoid (FT). This is one of the most important bacterial infections in the poultry industry in both developing and developed countries, including South Korea. The use of antimicrobial drugs is the first choice for disease control. Antimicrobials, such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones, are frequently used to treat FT. However, the continuous use of antimicrobial drugs has led to the emergence and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant S. enterica ser. Gallinarum. In this study, we analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiological relationship of thirty isolates of S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolated from poultry farms with an FT outbreak from 2013 to 2018 in South Korea. All the isolates showed a multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype. This study confirmed horizontal transmission and cross-contamination between farms within the same integrated poultry company or between farms belonging to different companies. The characterization of these isolates would be helpful to develop prevention and control strategies for the MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum infection in South Korea. Abstract Antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes of collected S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates were investigated to examine the epidemiological relationship between field outbreak isolates of S. enterica ser. Gallinarum. Thirty S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates collected from poultry farms with FT outbreaks from 2013 to 2018 in South Korea were analyzed. All isolates were resistant to at least 3 of the 18 antimicrobials tested and exhibited an MDR phenotype. All isolates showed resistance to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and colistin. One isolate was resistant to 9 antimicrobials. The antimicrobial resistance profile, streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-colistin-nalidixic acid-ciprofloxacin-gentamicin (18/30, 60.0%), was the most prevalent. PFGE types were classified into 10 groups with a 100% correlation cutoff in dendrograms for 30 field isolates. The dominant PFGE types were 1 (8/30, 26.7%), 4 (7/30, 23.3%), and 9 (5/30, 16.7%). Interestingly some isolates collected from the same and different companies had the same PFGE type. We reported a high MDR rate in S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates. The present study highlights the occurrence of horizontal spread and cyclic contamination of MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum within the same company. Furthermore, we showed cross-contamination between different companies. The characterization of these isolates would be helpful in the development of prevention and control strategies for MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum infection in South Korea.
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Xiao J, Li Y, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Chang YF, Zhou Q, Yan Z, Zhang X, Chen L, Li W, Xie Z, Xie Q. Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolated from ducks in China from 2017 to 2019. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105196. [PMID: 34534643 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida, an important gram-negative pathogen that mainly inhibits the upper respiratory tracts of domestic and wild animals such as chicken, duck, cattle and pig, which can cause cholera fowl, haemorrhagic septicaemia and infectious pneumonia. Currently, the prevalence and infection of P.multocida is still one of the most serious threats to the poultry industry in China, but studies on its characteristics are still insufficient. Here, this study was conducted to isolate and identify P.multocida in infected ducks and determined the leading serotypes and epidemiology of the diseases this pathogen causes. Results indicated that all the isolates were positive for KMT1 gene and the PCR amplified products were approximately 460 bp, demonstrating that these strains were all P.multocida. Moreover, all the isolated strains were identified as capsular type A and lipopolysaccharide type L1. Virulence factor identification results revealed that all strains possessed genes related to pili, adhesin, iron metabolism and uptake. In contrast, toxin coding gene (toxA) and sialidase encodes genes (nan B and nan H) were not detected in any isolates. The drug susceptibility results indicated that all the isolates were resistant to Lincomycin, Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin and Oxacillin but were sensitive to Ceftriaxone and Cefalotin. The animal experiments were also performed to further determine the pathogenicity of these isolated strains. Animal experiment revealed that the liver, kidney, and heart of infected ducks were swollen and had bleeding spots. We also observed hepatocyte hypertrophy, hepatic sinus congestion and single-cell infiltration in infected ducks through H&E staining. In summary, this study demonstrated that all the isolated strains belong to capsular A and lipopolysaccharide type L1 P.multocida, but their virulence factors, drug resistance and pathogenicity were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Xiao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhong Hu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Research Institute, Wen's Food Group Co., LTD, Yunfu, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Research Institute, Wen's Food Group Co., LTD, Yunfu, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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