1
|
Zhou X, Jiang D, Zhang Z, Shen X, Pan J, Ouyang H, Xu D, Tian Y, Huang Y. Effect of active immunization with OPN5 on follicular development and egg production in quail under different photoperiods. Theriogenology 2024; 228:81-92. [PMID: 39116655 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OPN5 is one of the main deep brain photoreceptors (DBPs), converting photoperiodic information into neuroendocrine signals to regulate reproduction in birds. This study investigated the mechanism of OPN5-mediated photoperiodic regulation of reproduction by active immunization against OPN5. 96 female quail were divided into OPN5-immunized and control group under the same photoperiod: 16 L:8 D (d 1 to d 35), 8 L:16 D (d 36 to d 70) and 12 L:12 D (d 71 to d 126). OPN5-immunized group was conducted with OPN5 protein vaccination and control group was given a blank vaccine. Samples were collected on d 1, d 30, d 60, and d 126. Results showed switching photoperiod to 8 L:16 D decreased the laying rate, GSI%, numbers of YFs and WFs, serum levels of PRL, P4 and E2, and pituitary PRL and TSHβ protein expressions in both groups (P < 0.05). Whereas the OPN5-immunized group exhibited higher laying rates than the control group (P < 0.05). The control group showed reduced GnRHR and TSHβ gene expressions in the pituitary and increased GnIH and DIO3 transcript and/or protein abundance in the hypothalamus. (P < 0.05). The OPN5-immunized group had lower DIO3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. (P < 0.05). Switching photoperiod from 8 L:16 D to 12 L:12 D increased the laying rates, GSI%, numbers of YFs and WFs, serum levels of PRL, and PRL protein expression in both groups (P < 0.05), and the responses were more pronounced in OPN5-immunized group (P < 0.05). In contrast to the control group, quail with OPN5-immunization had higher OPN5 and DIO2 transcript and/or protein levels but lower DIO3 expressions in the hypothalamus along the transition photoperiods (P < 0.05). The results revealed that OPN5 responds to photoperiod transition, and its activation mediates related signaling to up-regulate TSH-DIO2/DIO3 pathway and VIP-PRL secretion to prime quail reproductive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhou
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danli Jiang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoshen Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Shen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiu Pan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjia Ouyang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danning Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunmao Huang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Francoeur L, Scoville DM, Johnson PA. Investigations of the function of AMH in granulosa cells in hens. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 349:114454. [PMID: 38266936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) plays a crucial role in follicle regulation in mammals by preventing premature primordial follicle activation and restricting follicle development through reduction of FSH sensitivity and inhibition of FSH-induced increase of steroidogenic enzymes. AMH is produced by granulosa cells from growing follicles and expression declines at the time of selection in both mammalian and avian species. The role of AMH in chicken granulosa cells remains unclear, as research is complicated because mammalian AMH is not bioactive in chickens and there is a lack of commercially available chicken AMH. In the current experiments, we used RNA interference to study the role of AMH on markers of follicle development in the presence and absence of FSH. Cultured chicken granulosa cells from 3-5 mm follicles and 6-8 mm follicles, the growing pool from which follicle selection is thought to occur, were used. Transfection with an AMH-specific siRNA significantly reduced AMH mRNA expression in granulosa cells from 3-5 mm and 6-8 mm follicles. Genes of interest were only measured in granulosa cells of 3-5 mm follicles due to low expression of AMH mRNA at the 6-8 mm follicle stage. Knockdown of AMH mRNA did not affect markers of follicle development (follicle stimulating hormone receptor, FSHR; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, STAR; cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1, CYP11A1; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2, BMPR2) or FSH responsiveness in granulosa cells from 3-5 mm follicles, indicating that AMH does not regulate follicle development directly by affecting markers of steroidogenesis, FSHR or BMPR2 at this follicle stage in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Francoeur
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Deena M Scoville
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Patricia A Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miao DZ, Liu C, Deng ZY, Zhang C, Guo ZY, Li WQ, Wang Y, Yang HM, Wang ZY. Characterization of reproductive hormones and related gene expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the egg-laying interval in White King pigeon. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103422. [PMID: 38228063 PMCID: PMC10823133 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The egg-laying interval (LI) directly reflects the laying performance of breeding pigeons, influenced by reproductive hormones. This study aimed to assess reproductive hormone levels in serum and the expression of related genes and their receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in 4 stages: first (LI1), third (LI3), fifth (LI5), and seventh (LI7) days. The results showed that serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) level decreased from LI1 to LI7 (P < 0.01) and peaked in LI1. The serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels stayed at high levels from LI1 to LI5. The FSH level decreased slightly from LI5 to LI7 (P > 0.05), but the LH level decreased rapidly (P < 0.01). The prolactin (PRL) levels significantly increased in LI5 (P < 0.01) compared with LI1 and then stayed at a high level. The GnRH1 expression in the hypothalamus had no significant change in LI (P > 0.05). However, the GnRHR first decreased from LI1 to LI3 (P < 0.05) and then increased. The FSH mRNA level in the pituitary gland decreased from LI1 to LI3 and slightly increased in LI5 (P > 0.05). The change pattern of FSHR was similar to that of FSH and peaked in LI5 (P < 0.05). The LH expression level was the highest in LI5 and significantly higher than that in LI3 and LI7 (P < 0.05). However, the LHR mRNA level decreased in LI (P < 0.05). The expression patterns of PRL and PRLR were similar; they were upregulated in LI and peaked in LI7 (P < 0.01). The expression pattern of GnRHR was similar to that of FSH, LH, and FSHR, suggesting the critical role of GnRHR in LI. Furthermore, the expression levels of these genes peaked in LI5, closely correlating with the maturation of the first largest follicle in pigeons. PRL-PRLR signaling inhibited GnRH activity to promote ovulation. This study provided a basis for further investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of reproduction in pigeons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Z Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - C Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - Z Y Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - C Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - Z Y Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - W Q Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China.
| | - H M Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - Z Y Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu C, Lin Z, Song X, Hu C, Qiu M, Yang L, Zhang Z, Pen H, Chen J, Xiong X, Xia B, Jiang X, Du H, Li Q, Zhu S, Liu S, Yang C, Liu Y. Whole transcriptome analysis reveals the key genes and noncoding RNAs related to follicular atresia in broilers. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3144-3153. [PMID: 36306258 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2136680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Broodiness, a maternal behavior, is accompanied by the atresia of follicles and the serious degradation of poultry reproductive performance. The comparison of follicles between brooding and laying hens is usually an ideal model for exploring the regulation mechanism of follicle atresia. In this study, we selected three brooding hens and three laying hens to collect their follicles for whole transcriptome sequencing. The results demonstrated different expression patterns between the follicles of brooding hens and laying hens. In the top 10 differentially expressed genes with the highest expression, MMP10 was relatively low expressed in the follicles of brooding hens, but other nine genes were relatively highly expressed, including LRR1, RACK1, SPECC1L, ABHD2, COL6A3, RPS17, ATRN, BIRC6, PGAM1 and SPECC1L. While miR-21-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-142-5p and miR-1b-3p were highly expressed in the follicles of brooding hen, miR-106-5p, miR-451, miR-183, miR-7, miR-2188-5p and miR-182-5p were lowly expressed in brooding hen. In addition, we identified 124 lncRNAs specifically expressed in the follicles of brooding hens and 147 lncRNAs specifically expressed in the follicles of laying hens. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of broodiness in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Yu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongzhen Lin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenming Hu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohan Qiu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zengrong Zhang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Pen
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialei Chen
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaosong Jiang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Huarui Du
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiliang Zhu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng D, Li W, Li X, Yuan X, Li L, Wang J, Han C, Hu S. Comparison of the Effects of Recombinant and Native Prolactin on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Goose Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16376. [PMID: 38003565 PMCID: PMC10671185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In poultry, prolactin (PRL) plays a key role in the regulation of incubation behavior, hormone secretion, and reproductive activities. However, previous in vitro studies have focused on the actions of PRL in ovarian follicles of poultry, relying on the use of exogenous or recombinant PRL, and the true role of PRL in regulating ovarian granulosa cell (GC) functions in poultry awaits a further investigation using endogenous native PRL. Therefore, in this study, we first isolated and purified recombinant goose PRL protein (rPRL) and native goose PRL protein (nPRL) using Ni-affinity chromatography and rabbit anti-rPRL antibodies-filled immunoaffinity chromatography, respectively. Then, we analyzed and compared the effects of rPRL and nPRL at different concentrations (0, 3, 30, or 300 ng/mL) on the proliferation and apoptosis of both GCs isolated from goose ovarian pre-hierarchical follicles (phGCs) and from hierarchical follicles (hGCs). Our results show that rPRL at lower concentrations increased the viability and proliferation of both phGCs and hGCs, while it exerted anti-apoptotic effects in phGCs by upregulating the expression of Bcl-2. On the other hand, nPRL increased the apoptosis of phGCs in a concentration-dependent manner by upregulating the expressions of caspase-3 and Fas and downregulating the expressions of Bcl-2 and Becn-1. In conclusion, this study not only obtained a highly pure nPRL for the first time, but also suggested a dual role of PRL in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of goose GCs, depending on its concentration and the stage of follicle development. The data presented here can be helpful in purifying native proteins of poultry and enabling a better understanding of the roles of PRL during the ovarian follicle development in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.D.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.D.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.D.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.D.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chunchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.D.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.D.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu G, Guo Z, Zhao X, Sun J, Yue S, Li M, Chen Z, Ma Z, Zhao H. Whole Genome Resequencing Identifies Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers of Growth and Reproduction Traits in Zhedong and Zi Crossbred Geese. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:487. [PMID: 36833414 PMCID: PMC9956059 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The broodiness traits of domestic geese are a bottleneck that prevents the rapid development of the goose industry. To reduce the broodiness of the Zhedong goose and thus improve it, this study hybridized it with the Zi goose, which has almost no broody behavior. Genome resequencing was performed for the purebred Zhedong goose, as well as the F2 and F3 hybrids. The results showed that the F1 hybrids displayed significant heterosis in growth traits, and their body weight was significantly greater than those of the other groups. The F2 hybrids showed significant heterosis in egg-laying traits, and the number of eggs laid was significantly greater than those of the other groups. A total of 7,979,421 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained, and three SNPs were screened. Molecular docking results showed that SNP11 located in the gene NUDT9 altered the structure and affinity of the binding pocket. The results suggested that SNP11 is an SNP related to goose broodiness. In the future, we will use the cage breeding method to sample the same half-sib families to accurately identify SNP markers of growth and reproductive traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhenhua Guo
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jinyan Sun
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shan Yue
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Manyu Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihare Branch Academy, No. 2 Heyi Road, Qiqihare 161005, China
| | - Zhigang Ma
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihare Branch Academy, No. 2 Heyi Road, Qiqihare 161005, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 84 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110161, China
| |
Collapse
|