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Zhao B, Guo Y, Sun R, Zhang L, Yang L, Mei X, Zhang L, Huang J. Quadrivalent hemagglutinin and adhesion expressed on Saccharomyces cerevisiae induce protective immunity against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection and improve gut microbiota. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106511. [PMID: 38168552 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection causes infectious respiratory diseases in poultry, causing economic losses to the poultry industry. Therefore, this study aims to develop a safe, convenient, and effective multivalent recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae vaccine candidate and to explore its potential for oral immunization as a subunit vaccine. Mycoplasma gallisepticum Cytadhesin (MGC) and variable lipoprotein and hemagglutinin (vlhA) are associated with the pathogenesis of MG. In this study, a quadrivalent recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ST1814G-MG) displaying on MGC2, MGC3, VLH5, and VLH3, proteins was innovatively constructed, and its protective efficiency was evaluated in birds. The results showed that oral immunization with ST1814G-MG stimulates specific antibodies in chickens, reshapes the composition of the gut microbiota, reduces the Mycoplasma loading and pulmonary disease injury in the lungs. In addition, we found that oral ST1814G-MG had better protection against MG infection than an inactivated vaccine, and co-administration with the inactivated vaccine was even more effective. The results suggest that ST1814G-MG is a potentially safer and effective agent for controlling MG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yanyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Lilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Xuefeng Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Tan F, Zhang L, Yin L, Wang L, Zhang H, Zheng L, Cui X, Lv X, Bai R, Zheng M. Immune synergistic mechanism of recombinant plasmid adjuvant containing chicken IL-4 and IL-2 fusion genes on chicken coccidia live vaccine. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103204. [PMID: 37939587 PMCID: PMC10665987 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The recombinant plasmid pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP containing fusion genes of chicken IL-4 and IL-2 can be used as an adjuvant to enhance the anticoccidiosis effect of the chicken coccidia live vaccine. The chickens were divided into 3 groups: blank control group, vaccine + pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP adjuvant coimmunization group, and vaccine-only group to investigate the immune synergy mechanism of recombinant plasmid adjuvant pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP. The expressions of IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in chicken sera and tissues were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR, and the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APC) in chicken immune organs and intestines were detected by acid alpha-naphthalase (ANAE) staining, methyl green pyronine (MGP) staining, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining, respectively. Results showed that the mRNA expression of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and the number of activated T and B lymphocytes were significantly upregulated in the spleen and cecum tonsils of chickens in vaccine + pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP group compared with the vaccine-only group on 7 d after vaccination (P < 0.05). Protein contents of IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α in vaccine + pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP group were significantly increased compared to vaccine-only group on 28 d of inoculation (P < 0.05). The number of T and B lymphocytes and APC in chickens of the vaccine+ pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP group was significantly higher than that of the vaccine-only group in cecum tonsils, thymus and spleen after 14 and 28 d of inoculation (P < 0.05). All results revealed that pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP adjuvant enhanced the immune response of chicken coccidia live vaccine by upregulating the expression of IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and promoting the proliferation of T, B lymphocytes and APCs in chicken intestines and immune organ sites. Moreover, our study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of cytogenic plasmids as adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Liyang Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Liming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Honghui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Longlong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaozhen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaoling Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Rui Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Mingxue Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China.
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Rautenschlein S, Schat KA. The Immunological Basis for Vaccination. Avian Dis 2024; 67:366-379. [PMID: 38300658 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-99996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination is crucial for health protection of poultry and therefore important to maintaining high production standards. Proper vaccination requires knowledge of the key players of the well-orchestrated immune system of birds, their interdependence and delicate regulation, and, subsequently, possible modes of stimulation through vaccine antigens and adjuvants. The knowledge about the innate and acquired immune systems of birds has increased significantly during the recent years but open questions remain and have to be elucidated further. Despite similarities between avian and mammalian species in their composition of immune cells and modes of activation, important differences exist, including differences in the innate, but also humoral and cell-mediated immunity with respect to, for example, signaling transduction pathways, antigen presentation, and cell repertoires. For a successful vaccination strategy in birds it always has to be considered that genotype and age of the birds at the time point of immunization as well as their microbiota composition may have an impact and may drive the immune reactions into different directions. Recent achievements in the understanding of the concept of trained immunity will contribute to the advancement of current vaccine types helping to improve protection beyond the specificity of an antigen-driven immune response. The fast developments in new omics technologies will provide insights into protective B- and T-cell epitopes involved in cross-protection, which subsequently will lead to the improvement of vaccine efficacy in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Clinic for Poultry, Hannover, Lower Saxony 30559, Germany,
| | - Karel A Schat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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