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Hounkpêvi JA, Adjei-Mensah B, Adjibodé AG, Tona K, Koutinhouin B, Pitala W. Dietary protein levels during 12 to 26 wk improve the growth performance, bone quality, and testosterone in Pearl Gray male guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Poult Sci 2024; 103:103173. [PMID: 37939585 PMCID: PMC10665940 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), although native to Africa and despite its many potentials, does not represent the dominant species on the continent because of its seasonal reproductive nature and high keets mortality. This study was conducted to assess the effect of crude protein levels on growth performance, bone characteristics and reproductive activity of Pearl Gray male breeder guinea fowl from 12 to 26 wk of age. A total of 120 twelve-wk-old guinea fowls were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments with 8 replicates each and 5 birds per replicate using a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments comprised low level (LL), normal level (NL), and high level (HL) with diets respectively containing 15, 17, and 19% crude protein (CP). The results showed that guinea fowl in the HL treatment had a significantly lower feed conversion ratio (P = 0.008) than those in the other treatments. The birds fed the HL diet had significantly higher concentrations of testosterone (P < 0.05) than in the other treatments. High levels of calcium and phosphorus were observed in the femur of the HL group relative to the LL group. The birds in the LL treatment had a significantly higher (P = 0.007) femur robusticity index than those in the HL treatment. In conclusion, feeding 19% crude protein to Pearl Gray male guinea fowl from 12 to 26 wk of age improves growth performance, the density and strength of the femur and tibia and the reproductive tract. The CP level for the best performance of male guinea fowl from 12 to 26 wk of age is 19%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hounkpêvi
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary, Laboratory of Regional Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo.
| | - B Adjei-Mensah
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary, Laboratory of Regional Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - A G Adjibodé
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary, Laboratory of Regional Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - K Tona
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary, Laboratory of Regional Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - B Koutinhouin
- Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - W Pitala
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary, Laboratory of Regional Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
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Costa Filho DV, Rocha TCD, Carvalho JMD, Carvalho LMD, Galvão MDS, Pedrao MR, Estévez M, Madruga MS. Oxidative stability of white striping chicken breasts: effect of cold storage and heat treatments. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102826. [PMID: 37343347 PMCID: PMC10404771 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the level of lipid and protein oxidation in poultry breasts with severe white striping (WS; striation thickness > 1 mm) and nonaffected meats (N; normal breast) during storage under refrigeration (1°C for 14 d) and freezing (-18°C for 90 d). WS presented higher lipid content, although no difference in protein content was detected, compared to normal broiler breast (N). Regarding oxidative damages, a reduction in malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein, hexanal, octanal and nonanal levels, alongside the interaction of these compounds with other compounds in raw, roasted, and reheated breasts was observed under refrigerated storage (14 d). Freezing storage promotes an increase in carbonyls proteins, hexanal, octanal and nonanal levels at 45 d of storage in poultry meats and subsequent decrease, indicating the evolution of oxidative reactions. Regardless of the type of storage, in general, breasts with WS myopathy have higher levels of lipid and protein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djalma Vitorino Costa Filho
- Department of Food Engineering, Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Thayse Cavalcante da Rocha
- Department of Food Engineering, Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Moreira de Carvalho
- Department of Food Engineering, Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Moreira de Carvalho
- Department of Food Engineering, Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Mércia de Sousa Galvão
- Department of Food Engineering, Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Mayka Reghiany Pedrao
- Graduate Program of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Londrina, Paraná, 86036-370, Brazil
| | - Mario Estévez
- IPROCAR Research Institute, Tecal Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, 10003, Spain
| | - Marta Suely Madruga
- Department of Food Engineering, Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil.
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Meyer MM, Johnson AK, Bobeck EA. Increased duration of laser environmental enrichment increased broiler physical activity and pen-wide movement without altering tibia measurements. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102704. [PMID: 37141811 PMCID: PMC10176259 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivity and leg disorders negatively impact broiler welfare. Enrichment designed to increase barn complexity may encourage physical exercise. The study aim was to implement a second-generation laser enrichment device, previously shown to increase broiler activity, for extended periods of time and to measure behavior and tibia quality. A total of 1,360 Ross 708 broilers in 40 pens of 34 were assigned to laser enrichment or control (no laser enrichment) for 49 d. Seventy focal birds were randomly selected on d 0 for individual behavior analysis. Laser-enriched birds were exposed to 6-min laser periods 4 times daily. A 3-min novel object test was performed on all pens and tonic immobility was induced on 1 bird/pen on wk 1 and 6. Focal bird time budget and walking distance and pen-wide laser-following behavior and movement were obtained during laser periods d 0 to 8 and 1 d/wk through wk 7. Right tibias were collected from focal birds on d 49 for dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and bone breaking analysis. Time spent active during laser periods was increased on d 3, 6, and 8 and wk 2 to 3 in laser-enriched vs. control focal birds (P = 0.04). Time at the feeder was increased in laser-enriched focal birds on d 0, 3 to 4, and 8 and wk 2 and 4 (P < 0.01). Distance walked during laser periods was increased in laser-enriched focal birds on d 1, 3 to 5, 8, and wk 2 compared to the control (P < 0.01). Pen-wide movement was increased on d 0, 2, 4 to 8, and wk 1 to 5 and 7 in laser-enriched vs. control birds (P < 0.01). More laser-enriched broilers were within 25 cm of the novel object at 1 min 30 s than the control (P = 0.03), and latency to approach the novel object was reduced in both treatments at wk 6 compared to wk 1 (P < 0.01). Tonic immobility duration was increased by 123 s on wk 6 compared to wk 1, regardless of treatment (P < 0.01). Daily laser enrichment for extended periods increased bird activity without inducing fearfulness or altering tibia measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Meyer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - A K Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - E A Bobeck
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Tracking and Characterizing Spatiotemporal and Three-Dimensional Locomotive Behaviors of Individual Broilers in the Three-Point Gait-Scoring System. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040717. [PMID: 36830502 PMCID: PMC9952523 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gait scoring is a useful measure for evaluating broiler production efficiency, welfare status, bone quality, and physiology. The research objective was to track and characterize spatiotemporal and three-dimensional locomotive behaviors of individual broilers with known gait scores by jointly using deep-learning algorithms, depth sensing, and image processing. Ross 708 broilers were placed on a platform specifically designed for gait scoring and manually categorized into one of three numerical scores. Normal and depth cameras were installed on the ceiling to capture top-view videos and images. Four birds from each of the three gait-score categories were randomly selected out of 70 total birds scored for video analysis. Bird moving trajectories and 16 locomotive-behavior metrics were extracted and analyzed via the developed deep-learning models. The trained model gained 100% accuracy and 3.62 ± 2.71 mm root-mean-square error for tracking and estimating a key point on the broiler back, indicating precise recognition performance. Broilers with lower gait scores (less difficulty walking) exhibited more obvious lateral body oscillation patterns, moved significantly or numerically faster, and covered more distance in each movement event than those with higher gait scores. In conclusion, the proposed method had acceptable performance for tracking broilers and was found to be a useful tool for characterizing individual broiler gait scores by differentiating between selected spatiotemporal and three-dimensional locomotive behaviors.
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