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Salesse RN, Casties JF, Capdevielle D, Raffard S. Socio-Motor Improvisation in Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study in a Sample of Stable Patients. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:676242. [PMID: 34744659 PMCID: PMC8567989 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.676242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvising is essential for human development and is one of the most important characteristics of being human. However, how mental illness affects improvisation remains largely unknown. In this study we focused on socio-motor improvisation in individuals with schizophrenia, one of the more debilitating mental disorder. This represents the ability to improvise gestures during an interaction to promote sustained communication and shared attention. Using a novel paradigm called the mirror game and recently introduced to study joint improvisation, we recorded hand motions of two people mirroring each other. Comparing Schizophrenia patients and healthy controls skills during the game, we found that improvisation was impaired in schizophrenia patients. Patients also exhibited significantly higher difficulties to being synchronized with someone they follow but not when they were leaders of the joint improvisation game. Considering the correlation between socio-motor synchronization and socio-motor improvisation, these results suggest that synchronization does not only promote affiliation but also improvisation, being therefore an interesting key factor to enhance social skills in a clinical context. Moreover, socio-motor improvisation abnormalities were not associated with executive functioning, one traditional underpinning of improvisation. Altogether, our results suggest that even if both mental illness and improvisation differ from normal thinking and behavior, they are not two sides of the same coin, providing a direct evidence that being able to improvise in individual situations is fundamentally different than being able to improvise in a social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin N. Salesse
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- CTIsuccess by Mooven, Contract Research Organisation, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Casties
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U1061, Neuropsychiatrie Recherche Épidémiologique et Clinique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Raffard
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Epsylon Laboratory EA 4556, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
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Pitzianti M, Pontillo M, Vicari S, Armando M, Pasini A. 22q11 microdeletion syndrome and ultra-high risk for psychosis: The role of neurological soft signs as an independent marker of vulnerability for psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:1191-1198. [PMID: 30478947 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM 22q11 microdeletion syndrome has an increased risk for psychosis, similar to subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Neurological soft signs are considered an endophenotype of psychotic disorders and a marker of vulnerability to Schizophrenia, consisting of overflow movements, dysrhythmia and speed of timed activities. To date, there are no studies that have evaluated the presence of the neurological soft signs in subjects with 22q11 microdeletion syndrome and there are a few studies that have analysed this issue in subjects at ultra-high risk. METHODS We sought to measure neurological soft signs in these two conditions, compared to healthy controls and to analyse the possible correlation between neurological soft signs and positive/negative symptoms both in 22q11 microdeletion syndrome and ultra-high-risk groups. 54 drug-naive patients (29 with 22q11 microdeletion syndrome and 25 at ultra-high risk for psychosis) and 25 healthy controls were evaluated for neurological soft signs. RESULTS Both clinical groups showed a greater number of neurological soft signs compared to healthy control, although the two clinical groups did not differ for the number of neurological soft signs. Positive correlation between speed of timed activities and negative symptoms was found in subjects at ultra-high risk. CONCLUSION Neurological soft signs could represent a marker of atypical neurodevelopment in the two populations examined. Since we did not found a strong correlation between neurological soft signs and positive/negative symptoms, we suggest that neurological soft signs could be indicators of vulnerability to psychosis independent from the psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariabernarda Pitzianti
- Department of Systems Medicine, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of neuroscience, USL Umbria 2, Terni, Italy
| | - Maria Pontillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Armando
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Pasini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of neuroscience, USL Umbria 2, Terni, Italy
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Antipsychotics Do Not Influence Neurological Soft Signs in Children and Adolescents at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis: A Pilot Study. J Psychiatr Pract 2019; 25:186-191. [PMID: 31083030 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) is considered as the condition that temporally precedes the onset of psychotic symptoms. In addition to the core symptoms, patients with schizophrenia show motor abnormalities, also known as neurological soft signs (NSS), that are considered an endophenotype for psychotic disorders and particularly for schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications do not appear to influence NSS in individuals with schizophrenia. However, NSS in UHR subjects have been poorly studied and, to date, we do not know what effects antipsychotics have in early treated UHR subjects. Therefore, we evaluated NSS in treated UHR subjects in comparison with drug-naive UHR subjects and a group of healthy control subjects and the effect of pharmacological treatment on early treated UHR children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifteen UHR subjects receiving pharmacological treatment, 15 drug-naive UHR subjects, and 25 healthy control subjects were evaluated for NSS to analyze any differences between clinical subjects and healthy controls and to evaluate the effect of antipsychotic medications in early treated UHR subjects. RESULTS Both clinical groups showed a greater number of NSS compared with the healthy control subjects. However, no significant differences in NSS were found between treated and drug-naive UHR subjects. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with what has been observed in the population of patients with a first psychotic episode and/or with schizophrenia, our results support the conclusion that antipsychotic medications do not influence NSS in children and adolescents who are at high risk for psychosis.
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Scientific Evidence for the Evaluation of Neurological Soft Signs as Atypical Neurodevelopment Markers in Childhood Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Psychiatr Pract 2018; 24:230-238. [PMID: 30427806 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Motor dysfunction is commonly present in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Developmental changes in voluntary control of motor skills include improvements in speed and motor coordination as well as reduced frequency of neurological soft signs (NSS) that are commonly observed in typically developing younger children. NSS are motor and sensory conditions that cannot be linked to specific cerebral lesions. The persistence of NSS into later childhood and adolescence is linked with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. This finding gives support to the neurodevelopmental model of NSS in which minor neurological impairments may be viewed as potential signs of deviant brain development and might represent trait markers of vulnerability for neurodevelopmental disorders. Given that NSS are easily detectable, it is important that clinicians increase their knowledge of the clinical presentation and research implications of the relationship between NSS and childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review article to give an updated overview of the current knowledge of NSS in the most common neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood/adolescence, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and first episode of psychosis. The article also presents key points for future research studies on this topic.
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Cohen L, Khoramshahi M, Salesse RN, Bortolon C, Słowiński P, Zhai C, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Di Bernardo M, Capdevielle D, Marin L, Schmidt RC, Bardy BG, Billard A, Raffard S. Influence of facial feedback during a cooperative human-robot task in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15023. [PMID: 29101325 PMCID: PMC5670132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid progress in the area of humanoid robots offers tremendous possibilities for investigating and improving social competences in people with social deficits, but remains yet unexplored in schizophrenia. In this study, we examined the influence of social feedbacks elicited by a humanoid robot on motor coordination during a human-robot interaction. Twenty-two schizophrenia patients and twenty-two matched healthy controls underwent a collaborative motor synchrony task with the iCub humanoid robot. Results revealed that positive social feedback had a facilitatory effect on motor coordination in the control participants compared to non-social positive feedback. This facilitatory effect was not present in schizophrenia patients, whose social-motor coordination was similarly impaired in social and non-social feedback conditions. Furthermore, patients' cognitive flexibility impairment and antipsychotic dosing were negatively correlated with patients' ability to synchronize hand movements with iCub. Overall, our findings reveal that patients have marked difficulties to exploit facial social cues elicited by a humanoid robot to modulate their motor coordination during human-robot interaction, partly accounted for by cognitive deficits and medication. This study opens new perspectives for comprehension of social deficits in this mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cohen
- Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mahdi Khoramshahi
- Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Catherine Bortolon
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory Epsylon, EA 4556, University Montpellier 3 Paul Valery, Montpellier, France
| | - Piotr Słowiński
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Zhai
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Di Bernardo
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ludovic Marin
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard C Schmidt
- Psychology Department, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Benoit G Bardy
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Aude Billard
- Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Raffard
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratory Epsylon, EA 4556, University Montpellier 3 Paul Valery, Montpellier, France.
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Raffard S, Salesse RN, Marin L, Del-Monte J, Schmidt RC, Varlet M, Bardy BG, Boulenger JP, Capdevielle D. Social priming enhances interpersonal synchronization and feeling of connectedness towards schizophrenia patients. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8156. [PMID: 25640605 PMCID: PMC4313116 DOI: 10.1038/srep08156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
What leads healthy individuals to abnormal feelings of contact with schizophrenia patients remains obscure. Despite recent findings that human bonding is an interactive process influenced by coordination dynamics, the spatiotemporal organization of the bodily movements of schizophrenia patients when interacting with other people is poorly understood. Interpersonal motor coordination between dyads of patients (n = 45) or healthy controls (n = 45), and synchronization partners (n = 90), was assessed with a hand-held pendulum task following implicit exposure to pro-social, non-social, or anti-social primes. We evaluated the socio-motor competence and the feeling of connectedness between participants and their synchronization partners with a measure of motor coordination stability. Immediately after the coordination task, all participants were also asked to rate the likeableness of their interacting partner. Our results showed greater stability during interpersonal synchrony in schizophrenia patients who received pro-social priming, inducing in their synchronization partner greater feelings of connectedness towards patients. This greater feeling of connectedness was positively correlated with stronger motor synchronization between participants suggesting that motor coordination partly underlies patients' social interactions and feelings of contact with others. Pro-social priming can have a pervasive effect on abnormal social interactions in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Raffard
- 1] University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France [2] Epsylon Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities &Health Behaviors, Montpellier-3 University, Montpellier, France
| | - Robin N Salesse
- Movement to Health Laboratory, EuroMov, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Marin
- Movement to Health Laboratory, EuroMov, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Del-Monte
- 1] University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France [2] Epsylon Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities &Health Behaviors, Montpellier-3 University, Montpellier, France [3] Movement to Health Laboratory, EuroMov, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard C Schmidt
- Psychology Department, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Varlet
- 1] Movement to Health Laboratory, EuroMov, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France [2] The MARCS Institute, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benoit G Bardy
- Movement to Health Laboratory, EuroMov, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Boulenger
- 1] University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France [2] INSERM U-1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- 1] University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France [2] INSERM U-1061, Montpellier, France
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Motor Abnormalities and Basal Ganglia in Schizophrenia: Evidence from Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Brain Topogr 2014; 28:135-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-014-0377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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