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Marr C, Webb RT, Yee N, Dean K. A Systematic Review of Interpersonal Violence Perpetration and Victimization Risk Examined Within Single Study Cohorts, Including in Relation to Mental Illness. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:130-149. [PMID: 36737885 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221145732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rates of both violent victimization and violence perpetration are known to be elevated among individuals with mental illness compared with those in the general population, though the relative risk of each outcome is less well established. In this systematic review, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Criminal Justice Abstracts were searched for articles published any time before October 2021 that reported the prevalence or incidence of both violent victimization and perpetration. We performed two searches to identify studies using samples or cohorts of (1) persons with mental illnesses and (2) persons in the general population. A total of 25 studies (9 examining persons with mental illnesses, 13 examining persons in the general population, and 3 examining both sample/cohort types) were identified and data was extracted to describe the type and size of cohort or sample, definitions and terminology (i.e., mental illness, violence victimization, violence perpetration), data source(s), observation period, prevalence/incidence of victimization, and prevalence/incidence of perpetration. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data was used to conduct a quality assessment of all included studies. Due to marked study heterogeneity, results were presented using a narrative synthesis approach. Across studies, findings were mixed, and the methodological approaches varied greatly. Broadly, the review provides evidence for (1) higher rates of victimization than perpetration for both individuals with mental illness and those in the general population and (2) higher rates of both victimization and perpetration for those with mental illness compared to those in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Marr
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger T Webb
- University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
- University of Manchester, UK
| | - Natalia Yee
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, NSW, Australia
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Hachtel H, Fullam R, Malone A, Murphy BP, Huber C, Carroll A. Victimization, violence and facial affect recognition in a community sample of first-episode psychosis patients. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:283-292. [PMID: 31264789 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This exploratory study is the first to examine previously identified variables of increased vulnerability to victimization, the prevalence of aggression in a cohort of patients with first-episode psychosis and the potential impact of impairments in facial affect recognition (FAR) on victimization. METHODS Sixty-nine male participants completed assessments of IQ, substance use, psychopathy, childhood trauma, aggressive behaviour and psychopathology. Participants were asked about violent victimization in the past year and charges for violent offences. FAR was assessed using the Animated Full Facial Comprehension Test. RESULTS The victimized group (n = 25) had significantly higher psychopathy traits (P = .042) and lower recognition of sadness (P < .01) compared to the non-victimized group (n = 44). Participants who reported charges for violent offences (n = 15) had significantly higher scores on measures of physical abuse in childhood (P < .01), substance use (P < .05 for cannabis, P < .001 for cocaine and amphetamine use), psychopathy traits (P < .01), psychopathology (P = .031) and lifetime aggressive behaviour (P < .01). The logistic regression models using FAR sadness and Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) total score as predictors for victimization (χ 2 [2] = 13.81, P = .001; Nagelkerke R 2 = .30) and using physical abuse in childhood, PPI-R total score, and psychopathology as predictors for violent offences (χ 2 [3] = 14.89, P = .002; Nagelkerke R 2 = .36) were significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the value of considering victimization in psychotic illness from a social information processing perspective in addition to known clinical and lifestyle factors. Based on these results, future studies could explore the use of affect recognition training early in the course of the illness as a possible intervention to reduce victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hachtel
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachael Fullam
- Forensicare, Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Brendan P Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Huber
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Carroll
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Johnson KL, Desmarais SL, Tueller SJ, Van Dorn RA. Methodological limitations in the measurement and statistical modeling of violence among adults with mental illness. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2019; 28:e1776. [PMID: 30810262 PMCID: PMC7650002 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methodological limitations of extant research hinder the development of effective violence risk screening, assessment, and management strategies for adults with mental illness. This study quantifies the effects of three common limitations: (a) insensitive measurement of violence that results in violence classification with high levels of information bias, (b) use of cross-sectional data, and (c) use of data lacking spatiotemporal contiguity. METHODS We utilize secondary data (N = 3,000 participants; N = 10,017 observations) and parametric and nonparametric bootstrap simulation methodologies. RESULTS Not utilizing self-reported violence data increases information bias. Furthermore, cross-sectional data that exclude self-reported violence produce biased associations between substance use and psychiatric symptoms and violence. Associations between baseline variables and subsequent violence attenuate over longer time lags and, when paired with high levels of violence information bias, result in fewer significant effects than should be present. Moreover, the true direction of the simulated relationship of some significant effects is reversed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the validity of conclusions from some extant research on violence among adults with mental illness should be questioned. Efforts are needed to improve both the measurement of violence, through inclusion of self-report, and the statistical modeling of violence, using lagged rather than nonlagged models with improved spatiotemporal contiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten L Johnson
- Mental Health Epidemiology and Treatment Services Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah L Desmarais
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen J Tueller
- Corrections and Reentry Research Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard A Van Dorn
- Mental Health Epidemiology and Treatment Services Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Langeveld J, Bjørkly S, Evensen J, Joa I, Johannessen JO, Larsen TK, Melle I, Opjordsmoen S, Røssberg JI, Rund BR, Simonsen E, Vaglum P, Velden WT, McGlashan T, Friis S. A 10-year follow-up study of violent victimization in first episode psychosis: Risk and protective factors. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:545-549. [PMID: 29172178 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Violent victimization in persons with severe mental illness has long-term adverse consequences. Little is known about the long-term prevalence of victimization in first episode psychosis, or about factors affecting victimization throughout the course of illness. To assess the prevalence of violent victimization during a 10-year follow-up period in a group of first episode psychosis (FEP) patients, and to identify early predictors and risk factors for victimization. A prospective design was used with comprehensive assessments of violent victimization, treatment variables and functioning at baseline and during 10-year follow-up. A clinical epidemiological sample of FEP patients (n = 298) was studied. FEP patients in our study were at a 3.5 times greater risk of victimization as compared to the normal population. During the 10-year follow-up period, 23% of subjects fell victim to one or more violent assaults. Victimized patients were younger and reported less occupational activity. At 10-year follow-up, victimization was associated with more concomitant drug use, alcohol misuse and violent behavior, but not with a worse clinical or functional outcome. Treatment programs should focus on risk factors for victimization and develop behavioral alternatives to mitigate risk in FEP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Langeveld
- Center for Clinical Psychosis Research, TIPS, Stavanger University Hospital, 4008 Stavanger, Norway; Department of Research and Development, Rogaland A-senter, 4028 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Stål Bjørkly
- Molde University College, PO.Box 2110, 6402 Molde, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. 4959 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Julie Evensen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. 4959 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge Joa
- Center for Clinical Psychosis Research, TIPS, Stavanger University Hospital, 4008 Stavanger, Norway; Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Olav Johannessen
- Center for Clinical Psychosis Research, TIPS, Stavanger University Hospital, 4008 Stavanger, Norway; Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tor Ketil Larsen
- Center for Clinical Psychosis Research, TIPS, Stavanger University Hospital, 4008 Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. 4959 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Opjordsmoen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. 4959 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Ivar Røssberg
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. 4959 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Rishovd Rund
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway
| | - Erik Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Faelledvej 6, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, P.O. box 2177, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Vaglum
- Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Ten Velden
- Center for Clinical Psychosis Research, TIPS, Stavanger University Hospital, 4008 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tom McGlashan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Psychiatric Research at Congress Place, 301 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Svein Friis
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. 4959 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
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Johnson KL, Desmarais SL, Tueller SJ, Grimm KJ, Swartz MS, Van Dorn RA. A longitudinal analysis of the overlap between violence and victimization among adults with mental illnesses. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:203-210. [PMID: 27721058 PMCID: PMC5161544 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests considerable overlap of violence perpetration and victimization among adults with mental illnesses. However, there has been no examination of how the likelihood of being a victim and/or perpetrator of violence may change over time, nor consideration of clinically-relevant factors affecting these transitions. In a pooled sample of adults with mental illnesses (N=3,473) we employed latent transition analysis to: (a) determine prevalence of four violence and victimization classifications (i.e., non-victim/non-perpetrator, victim only, perpetrator only, and victim-perpetrator) over a 6-month period; (b) calculate the likelihood that adults with mental illnesses will remain in or transition between these classifications over time; and (c) assess the effects of recent substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal behaviors on transitions over time. At each time point, the majority of participants identified as non-victim/non-perpetrators, followed by victim-perpetrators, victims only, and perpetrators only. Analyses also revealed many individuals transitioned between classifications over time. These distinct pathways towards, and away from, violent outcomes were, in part, a function of recent violence and/or victimization, as well as substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal behaviors. Findings inform the identification of adults with mental illnesses at risk of violence and victimization and highlight points of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten L. Johnson
- Behavioral and Urban Health Program, RTI International,Author Contact Information: Kiersten L. Johnson, PhD, Behavioral and Urban Health Program, RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, Phone: 919-485-2639,
| | | | | | | | - Marvin S. Swartz
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center
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