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Qamar MA, Tall P, van Wamelen D, Wan YM, Rukavina K, Fieldwalker A, Matthew D, Leta V, Bannister K, Chaudhuri KR. Setting the clinical context to non-motor symptoms reflected by Park-pain, Park-sleep, and Park-autonomic subtypes of Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 174:1-58. [PMID: 38341227 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are well described in both clinical practice and the literature, enabling their management and enhancing our understanding of PD. NMS can dominate the clinical pictures and NMS subtypes have recently been proposed, initially based on clinical observations, and later confirmed in data driven analyses of large datasets and in biomarker-based studies. In this chapter, we provide an update on what is known about three common subtypes of NMS in PD. The pain (Park-pain), sleep dysfunction (Park-sleep), and autonomic dysfunction (Park-autonomic), providing an overview of their individual classification, clinical manifestation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubasher A Qamar
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence and Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Phoebe Tall
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence and Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel van Wamelen
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence and Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Min Wan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence and Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katarina Rukavina
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence and Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Fieldwalker
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Central Modulation of Pain Lab, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Matthew
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence and Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Leta
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence and Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson, and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Kirsty Bannister
- Central Modulation of Pain Lab, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence and Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Scanga A, Lafontaine AL, Kaminska M. An overview of the effects of levodopa and dopaminergic agonists on sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:1133-1144. [PMID: 36716191 PMCID: PMC10235717 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are among the most common nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease and are associated with reduced cognition and health-related quality of life. Disturbed sleep can often present in the prodromal or early stages of this neurodegenerative disease, rendering it crucial to manage and treat these symptoms. Levodopa and dopaminergic agonists are frequently prescribed to treat motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, and there is increasing interest in how these pharmacological agents affect sleep and their effect on concomitant sleep disturbances and disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of dopamine in regulating the sleep-wake state and the impact of neurodegeneration on sleep. We provide an overview of the effects of levodopa and dopaminergic agonists on sleep architecture, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep-disordered breathing, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease. Levodopa and dopaminergic drugs may have different effects, beneficial or adverse, depending on dosing, method of administration, and differential effects on the different dopamine receptors. Future research in this area should focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms by which these drugs affect sleep in order to better understand the pathophysiology of sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease and aid in developing suitable therapies and treatment regimens. CITATION Scanga A, Lafontaine A-L, Kaminska M. An overview of the effects of levodopa and dopaminergic agonists on sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(6):1133-1144.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Scanga
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Glen Site, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Louise Lafontaine
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marta Kaminska
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Respiratory Division and Sleep Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Olfati N, Litvan I. Understanding REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:480. [PMID: 35921472 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2208067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Olfati
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Irene Litvan
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Ghasemi L, Behzad M, Khaleghian A, Abbasi A, Abedi A. Synthesis and characterization of two new mixed‐ligand Cu (II) complexes of a tridentate NN'O type Schiff base ligand and N‐donor heterocyclic co‐ligands: in‐vitro anticancer assay, DNA/Human leukemia/Covid‐19 molecular docking studies and pharmacophore modeling. Appl Organomet Chem 2022; 36:e6639. [PMID: 35538931 PMCID: PMC9073997 DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two new mixed‐ligand complexes with general formula [Cu(SB)(L')]ClO4 (1 and 2) were synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic and analytical techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The SB ligand is an unsymmetrical tridentate NN'O type Schiff base ligand that was derived from the condensation of 1,2‐ethylenediamine and 5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrobenzaldehyde. The L' ligand is pyridine in (1) and 2,2′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bithiazole (BTZ) in (2). Crystal structure of (2) was also obtained. The two complexes were used as anticancer agents against leukemia cancer cell line HL‐60 and showed considerable anticancer activity. The anticancer activity of these complexes was comparable with the standard drug 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). Molecular docking and pharmacophore studies were also performed on DNA (PDB:1BNA) and leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) (PDB:1EMR) to further investigate the anticancer and anti‐COVID activity of these complexes. The molecular docking results against DNA revealed that (1) preferentially binds to the major groove of DNA receptor whereas (2) binds to the minor groove. Complex (2) performed better with 1EMR. The experimental and theoretical results showed good correlation. Molecular docking and pharmacophore studies were also applied to study the interactions between the synthesized complexes and SARS‐CoV‐2 virus receptor protein (PDB ID:6LU7). The results revealed that complex (2) had better interaction than (1), the free ligands (SB and BTZ), and the standard drug favipiravir.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Behzad
- Faculty of chemistry Semnan University Semnan Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghian
- Biochemistry department, Faculty of medicine Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Anita Abedi
- Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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Lin F, Weng Y, Lin X, Wu D, Su Y, Cai G. Efficacy and safety of treatments for REM sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047934. [PMID: 34921073 PMCID: PMC8685944 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep disorders are the main non-motor characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD). The quality of life is significantly impacted by rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD). It is not clearly evidenced in the literature that some medications can reduce the dream activities of patients with PD and RBD and improve sleep quality. And, they have side effects that may increase the severity of this disease. To further understand which medication has better efficacy and fewer adverse effects for patients with PD and RBD, it is necessary to perform a network meta-analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol is performed accordingly to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook.A thorough literature selection will be conducted up to September 2021 using PubMed, Cochrane Library (The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and Embase. We will not only include randomised controlled trials, but prospective, retrospective cohort, case-control, nested case-control, case-cohort, cross-sectional and case series. We will use the Cochrane Collaboration tool to assess the risk of bias. Pairwise and network meta-analyses will be conducted using the R netmeta package and Stata V.14.0. The relative ranking probability of the best intervention will be estimated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Additionally, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, quality assessment and publication bias analysis will be performed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No research ethics approval is required for this systematic review, as no confidential patient data will be used. We will disseminate our findings through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations, and our review will support development of a BMJ Rapid Recommendations providing contextualised clinical guidance based on this body of evidence. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020206958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Weng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Provincial Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dihang Wu
- Provincial Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Su
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Diaconu Ș, Falup-Pecurariu O, Țînț D, Falup-Pecurariu C. REM sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson's disease (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:812. [PMID: 34131435 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia defined by simple or complex abnormal movements occurring in REM state, instead of the physiological muscular atonia. RBD may be idiopathic, or secondary as in the case of Parkinson's disease (PD). Several studies have confirmed that idiopathic RBD may precede with several years the onset of the specific motor characteristics of PD. The high prevalence of RBD in PD (19-70%) may be explained by several common pathophysiological pathways, mainly related to the dopaminergic cell loss. RBD is also associated with several comorbidities, including cognitive impairment, hallucinations, dysautonomia, or daytime sleepiness. The gold standard investigation for the diagnosis and assessment of RBD is video polysomnography, but in clinical practice, the use of clinical scales and questionnaires is reasonable for the screening of this complex parasomnia. Management options include ensuring a safe environment for the patient and pharmacological treatment, incuding clonazepam, melatonin or certain antiparkinsonian drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefania Diaconu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500036 Brașov, Romania
| | | | - Diana Țînț
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500036 Brașov, Romania.,Department of Electrophysiology and Implantable Devices, Clinicco Hospital, 500059 Brașov, Romania
| | - Cristian Falup-Pecurariu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500036 Brașov, Romania.,Department of Neurology, County Emergency Clinic Hospital, 500365 Brașov, Romania
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Rota S, Boura I, Batzu L, Titova N, Jenner P, Falup-Pecurariu C, Chaudhuri KR. 'Dopamine agonist Phobia' in Parkinson's disease: when does it matter? Implications for non-motor symptoms and personalized medicine. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:953-965. [PMID: 32755243 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1806059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dopamine agonists have been widely used to treat patients with Parkinson's disease, but concerns related to their well-known side effects might prevent their use even when indicated. In this review, the authors describe for the first time the concept of 'Dopamine Agonist Phobia', a pharmacophobia that the authors believe might affect clinicians, and they provide evidence of the benefits of dopamine agonists, focusing on non-motor symptoms. AREAS COVERED The authors performed an extensive literature research, including studies exploring the use of dopamine agonists for the treatment of non-motor symptoms. The authors indicate the highest level of evidence in each section. EXPERT OPINION 'Dopamine Agonist Phobia' may preclude valid therapeutic options in selected cases, specifically for the treatment of non-motor symptoms. Thus, the authors propose a personalized approach in Parkinson's disease treatment, and encourage a thoughtful use of dopamine agonists, rather than an overall nihilism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rota
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London , London, UK.,Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital , London, UK
| | - Iro Boura
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London , London, UK.,Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital , London, UK
| | - Lucia Batzu
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London , London, UK.,Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital , London, UK
| | - Nataliya Titova
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Institution «federal Center of Brain and Neurotechnologies» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Jenner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London , London, UK
| | - Cristian Falup-Pecurariu
- Department of Neurology, County Emergency Clinic Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University Brasov , Brasov, Romania
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London , London, UK.,Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital , London, UK
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Roguski A, Rayment D, Whone AL, Jones MW, Rolinski M. A Neurologist's Guide to REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Front Neurol 2020; 11:610. [PMID: 32733361 PMCID: PMC7360679 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a chronic sleep condition characterized by dream enactment and loss of REM atonia. Individuals often present to clinic with complaints of injury to themselves or their bed-partner due to violent movements during sleep. RBD patients have a high risk of developing one of the neurodegenerative α-synucleinopathy diseases: over 70% will develop parkinsonism or dementia within 12 years of their diagnosis. RBD patients also exhibit accelerated disease progression and a more severe phenotype than α-synucleinopathy sufferers without RBD. The disease's low prevalence and the relatively limited awareness of the condition amongst medical professionals makes the diagnosis and treatment of RBD challenging. Uncertainty in patient management is further exacerbated by a lack of clinical guidelines for RBD patient care. There are no binary prognostic markers for RBD disease course and there are no clinical guidelines for neurodegeneration scaling or tracking in these patients. Both clinicians and patients are therefore forced to deal with uncertain outcomes. In this review, we summarize RBD pathology and differential diagnoses, diagnostic, and treatment guidelines as well as prognostic recommendations with a look to current research in the scientific field. We aim to raise awareness and develop a framework for best practice for RBD patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Roguski
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Dane Rayment
- Rosa Burden Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alan L Whone
- Department of Neurology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matt W Jones
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Rolinski
- Department of Neurology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Liu CF, Wang T, Zhan SQ, Geng DQ, Wang J, Liu J, Shang HF, Wang LJ, Chan P, Chen HB, Chen SD, Wang YP, Zhao ZX, Chaudhuri KR. Management Recommendations on Sleep Disturbance of Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:2976-2985. [PMID: 30539911 PMCID: PMC6302643 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.247210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Shu-Qin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - De-Qin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui-Fang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hai-Bo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence and The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, pramipexole and carbamazepine by ZSM-5 nanozeolite and TiO 2 nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:64-77. [PMID: 30033298 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this present paper, a simple voltammetric method has been reported for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (AC), pramipexole (PRX) and carbamazepine (CBZ) using ZSM-5 nanozeolite-TiO2 nanoparticles composite modified carbon paste electrode (ZSM-5/TiO2/CPE). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm were used to characterize the structure of synthesized ZSM-5 nanozeolite. Also, cyclic voltammetry (CV), choronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to investigate the performance of the modified electrode. The oxidation peak currents of AC, PRX and CBZ at the surface of ZSM-5/TiO2/CPE were increased dramatically against CPE and their overpotentials decreased. Also, DPV method was used for the simultaneous determination of three drugs in ternary mixture. The effects of modifier amount, pH and scan rate were investigated on the electrochemical response of AC, PRX and CBZ oxidation. The diffusion coefficient, D, and the catalytic rate constant, kcat, were estimated for the oxidation of AC, PRX and CBZ at the surface of modified electrode. Under the optimized experimental conditions, AC, PRX and CBZ give linear response over the range of 2.5-110, 0.6-105 and 6.0-97 μM, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.58, 0.38 and 1.04 μM (S/N = 3) for AC, PRX and CBZ, respectively. The fabricated electrode showed good stability, reproducibility and repeatability as well as high recovery. The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by measuring the concentration of spiked AC, PRX and CBZ in human plasma as real sample. The proposed method is simple, rapid and inexpensive and can be utilized as a valuable analytical tool in quality control of the pharmaceutical industry.
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Abstract
The spectrum of sleep problems in Parkinson's disease (PD) is broad. These symptoms are recognized as being clinically relevant by the PD patients and may seriously affect their quality of life. Some studies reveal the occurrence of sleep disorders in more than half of the PD patients. The etiology is multifactorial and it mainly involves the degeneration of the sleep-regulating structures. Sleep disorders in PD can be classified into: disturbances of sleep and disturbances of wakefulness. Generic and specific scales were designed to help the screening and evaluation of sleep dysfunction. Further assessment can be done using sleep recording techniques, like actigraphy or polysomnography. All types of sleep disturbances may be encountered in PD: insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders, and restless legs syndrome. This chapter will focus on reviewing the main characteristics, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of the most frequent sleep disturbances encountered in PD.
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Loddo G, Calandra-Buonaura G, Sambati L, Giannini G, Cecere A, Cortelli P, Provini F. The Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: From Research to Clinical Practice. Front Neurol 2017; 8:42. [PMID: 28261151 PMCID: PMC5311042 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders (SDs) are one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), usually increasing in frequency over the course of the disease and disability progression. SDs include nocturnal and diurnal manifestations such as insomnia, REM sleep behavior disorder, and excessive daytime sleepiness. The causes of SDs in PD are numerous, including the neurodegeneration process itself, which can disrupt the networks regulating the sleep–wake cycle and deplete a large number of cerebral amines possibly playing a role in the initiation and maintenance of sleep. Despite the significant prevalence of SDs in PD patients, few clinical trials on SDs treatment have been conducted. Our aim is to critically review the principal therapeutic options for the most common SDs in PD. The appropriate diagnosis and treatment of SDs in PD can lead to the consolidation of nocturnal sleep, the enhancement of daytime alertness, and the amelioration of the quality of life of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Loddo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Bellaria Hospital, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Sambati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Bellaria Hospital, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Giannini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Bellaria Hospital, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annagrazia Cecere
- Bellaria Hospital, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Bellaria Hospital, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Provini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Bellaria Hospital, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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